An incomplete postcranial avian skeleton is described from the Lower Cretaceous Jingchuan Formation of Otog Banner of western Inner Mongolia and referred to a new species of Cathayornis, C. chabuensis sp. nov. This is...An incomplete postcranial avian skeleton is described from the Lower Cretaceous Jingchuan Formation of Otog Banner of western Inner Mongolia and referred to a new species of Cathayornis, C. chabuensis sp. nov. This is the first report of a Cathayornis from outside Liaoning Province. The new discovery indicates that Cathayornis coexisted with Otogornis genghisi, and a more detailed comparison between these two enantiornithine genera shows that Otogornis represents a more primitive genus than Cathayornis. Our analyses further indicate that Cathayornis is an arboreal bird. The discovery of a Cathayornis from this region also confirms that the avian fossil-bearing Jingchuan Formation is comparable to the Jiufotang Formation of the upper Jehol Group in western Liaoning, and should be referred to the middle-late Early Cretaceous.展开更多
Radar remote sensing can acquire information of sub-surface covered by sand in arid area, detect surface roughness and vegetation coronet's layer and linear feature such as linear structure and channel sensitively...Radar remote sensing can acquire information of sub-surface covered by sand in arid area, detect surface roughness and vegetation coronet's layer and linear feature such as linear structure and channel sensitively. With sediment facies analysis, this paper studies the features of environmental evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene (60 ka BP-20 ka BP) in northeastern Ejin Banner. The conclusions are listed as follows: (1) The evolution of the three lakes, i.e. Gaxunnur, Sugunur and Tian'e lakes, are dominated by faults and regional climate. (2) By analyzing sedimentary section of old Juyanze Lake, the three lakes used to be a large outflow lake before 50 ka BP in northeastern Ejin Banner, and at 50 ka BP, temperature declined rapidly in northwestern China. The event caused the lake's shrinkage. (3) By fault activity uplift in the northern part of old Juyan Lake and depression in the southern part, the lake's water followed from north to south at around 35 ka BP, old Juyanze fluvial fan was formed. At the same time, Juyan Lake separated from Sugunur Lake and Wentugunr old channel was abandoned. (4) In recent 2000 years, Ruoshui River is a wandering river, sometimes it flows into Juyan Lake and sometimes Sugunur and Gaxunnur lakes. Due to human activities and over exploitation, the oasis ecosystem is rapidly degenerated in 15 years (1986-2000).展开更多
It is known that the exploitation of opencast coal mines has seriously damaged the environments in the semi-arid areas.Vegetation status can reliably reflect the ecological degeneration and restoration in the opencast...It is known that the exploitation of opencast coal mines has seriously damaged the environments in the semi-arid areas.Vegetation status can reliably reflect the ecological degeneration and restoration in the opencast mining areas in the semi-arid areas.Long-time series MODIS NDVI data are widely used to simulate the vegetation cover to reflect the disturbance and restoration of local ecosystems.In this study, both qualitative(linear regression method and coefficient of variation(CoV)) and quantitative(spatial buffer analysis, and change amplitude and the rate of change in the average NDVI) analyses were conducted to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation during 2000–2017 in Jungar Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, at the large(Jungar Banner and three mine groups) and small(three types of functional areas: opencast coal mining excavation areas, reclamation areas and natural areas) scales.The results show that the rates of change in the average NDVI in the reclamation areas(20%–60%) and opencast coal mining excavation areas(10%–20%) were considerably higher than that in the natural areas(<7%).The vegetation in the reclamation areas experienced a trend of increase(3–5 a after reclamation)-decrease(the sixth year of reclamation)-stability.The vegetation in Jungar Banner has a spatial heterogeneity under the influences of mining and reclamation activities.The ratio of vegetation improvement area to vegetation degradation area in the west, southwest and east mine groups during 2000–2017 was 8:1, 20:1 and 33:1, respectively.The regions with the high CoV of NDVI above 0.45 were mainly distributed around the opencast coal mining excavation areas, and the regions with the CoV of NDVI above 0.25 were mostly located in areas with low(28.8%) and medium-low(10.2%) vegetation cover.The average disturbance distances of mining activities on vegetation in the three mine groups(west, southwest and east) were 800, 800 and 1000 m, respectively.The greater the scale of mining, the farther the di展开更多
Every year,ruddy shelducks,a migratory bird species,take a break from their northbound journey in Xiaotanzi,a village on the bank of the Yellow River in Jungar Banner,Ordos City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Over t...Every year,ruddy shelducks,a migratory bird species,take a break from their northbound journey in Xiaotanzi,a village on the bank of the Yellow River in Jungar Banner,Ordos City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Over the past few years,the local government has been taking numerous measures aimed at protecting the 238-km Jungar Banner section of the river.展开更多
This book aims to offer a comprehensive view through long-term research,using straightforward and lively language.It introduces various aspects of the Qing era,including the extent of imperial power,the Banner System,...This book aims to offer a comprehensive view through long-term research,using straightforward and lively language.It introduces various aspects of the Qing era,including the extent of imperial power,the Banner System,the relationship between the Inner Cabinet and the Grand Council,local social management,the imperial examination system,local gentry,judicial examination and justice,imperial finances,military expenditures,women's rights,social status,and the changes in privileges and social status of the Banner people.展开更多
Innovation empowers the battle against desertification and sandification in China,With birds chirping and lushplants swaying in the breeze,the shelterbelts intheoncebarrensand sea inAlxa Left Banner,a county-level adm...Innovation empowers the battle against desertification and sandification in China,With birds chirping and lushplants swaying in the breeze,the shelterbelts intheoncebarrensand sea inAlxa Left Banner,a county-level administrative division,are brimming with vitality.展开更多
Liu Zhongyuan,a technician at the Ruichen Wanniu Livestock Farm in Jungar Zhao Town,Jungar Banner,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,has been busy at work.Unlike conventional cattle farms,Ruichen Wanniu Livestock Farm h...Liu Zhongyuan,a technician at the Ruichen Wanniu Livestock Farm in Jungar Zhao Town,Jungar Banner,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,has been busy at work.Unlike conventional cattle farms,Ruichen Wanniu Livestock Farm has adopted a new agro-husbandry development model that integrates livestock production with photovoltaic power generation,with solar power panels installed on the roofs of cowsheds and other places.展开更多
To evaluate and provide an appropriate theoretical direction for research into climate-vegetation interactions using meteorological station data at different time scales,we examined differences between the Normalized ...To evaluate and provide an appropriate theoretical direction for research into climate-vegetation interactions using meteorological station data at different time scales,we examined differences between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)and their responses to climate factors. We looked for correlations between'data extracted from MOD13Q1 remote sensing images and meteorological station data for the two indexes.The results showed that even though NDVI and EVI are derived from the same remote sensing image,their response to climate factors was significantly different.In the same meteorological station,the correlation coefficients for NDVI,EVI and climate factors were different;correlation coefficients between NDVI,EVI and climate factors varied with meteorological station.In addition,there was a lag effect for responses of NDVI to average minimum temperature,average temperature,average vapor pressure,minimum relative humidity, extreme wind speed,maximum wind speed,average wind speed and average station air-pressure.EVI had a lag only for average minimum temperature,average vapor pressure,extreme wind speed,maximum wind speed and average station air-pressure.The lag period was variable,but most were in the -3 period.Different vegetation types had different sensitivities to climate.The correlation between meteorological stations and vegetation requires more attention in future research.展开更多
As the Spring Festival draws near,Desheng Youliang Village in Nuanshui Township,Jungar Banner in Ordos City of north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,enters a new round of apple sales.In the 2,000 cubic meter...As the Spring Festival draws near,Desheng Youliang Village in Nuanshui Township,Jungar Banner in Ordos City of north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,enters a new round of apple sales.In the 2,000 cubic meters of cold storage facility,workers are busy picking,packing,and loading.展开更多
The Pisha sandstone region in Jungar Banner once suffered the most severe water loss and soil erosion in the world.In just a couple of decades,the apple industry has become a major business for the local economy.
A north China county takes numerous measures to improve river ecology.EVERY winter,flocks of ruddy shelducks fly to Xiaotanzi,a village on the bank of the Yellow River in Jungar Banner in north China’s Inner Mongolia...A north China county takes numerous measures to improve river ecology.EVERY winter,flocks of ruddy shelducks fly to Xiaotanzi,a village on the bank of the Yellow River in Jungar Banner in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Here they blithely play over and on the waters,providing a lovely view to people.展开更多
An Inner Mongolian town takes giant steps in transitioning to clean energy production.AS the Chinese people across the country were preparing to celebrate the Spring Festival holiday,Liu Zhongyuan,a technician at the ...An Inner Mongolian town takes giant steps in transitioning to clean energy production.AS the Chinese people across the country were preparing to celebrate the Spring Festival holiday,Liu Zhongyuan,a technician at the Ruichen Wanniu Livestock Farm in Jungar Zhao Town,Jungar Banner,Inner Mongolia,was busy at work.展开更多
基金Supported by the Major Basic Research Projects(2006CB806400)of MST of China,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(kzcx3-sw-142)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40121202)
文摘An incomplete postcranial avian skeleton is described from the Lower Cretaceous Jingchuan Formation of Otog Banner of western Inner Mongolia and referred to a new species of Cathayornis, C. chabuensis sp. nov. This is the first report of a Cathayornis from outside Liaoning Province. The new discovery indicates that Cathayornis coexisted with Otogornis genghisi, and a more detailed comparison between these two enantiornithine genera shows that Otogornis represents a more primitive genus than Cathayornis. Our analyses further indicate that Cathayornis is an arboreal bird. The discovery of a Cathayornis from this region also confirms that the avian fossil-bearing Jingchuan Formation is comparable to the Jiufotang Formation of the upper Jehol Group in western Liaoning, and should be referred to the middle-late Early Cretaceous.
文摘Radar remote sensing can acquire information of sub-surface covered by sand in arid area, detect surface roughness and vegetation coronet's layer and linear feature such as linear structure and channel sensitively. With sediment facies analysis, this paper studies the features of environmental evolution in mid-late Epipleistocene (60 ka BP-20 ka BP) in northeastern Ejin Banner. The conclusions are listed as follows: (1) The evolution of the three lakes, i.e. Gaxunnur, Sugunur and Tian'e lakes, are dominated by faults and regional climate. (2) By analyzing sedimentary section of old Juyanze Lake, the three lakes used to be a large outflow lake before 50 ka BP in northeastern Ejin Banner, and at 50 ka BP, temperature declined rapidly in northwestern China. The event caused the lake's shrinkage. (3) By fault activity uplift in the northern part of old Juyan Lake and depression in the southern part, the lake's water followed from north to south at around 35 ka BP, old Juyanze fluvial fan was formed. At the same time, Juyan Lake separated from Sugunur Lake and Wentugunr old channel was abandoned. (4) In recent 2000 years, Ruoshui River is a wandering river, sometimes it flows into Juyan Lake and sometimes Sugunur and Gaxunnur lakes. Due to human activities and over exploitation, the oasis ecosystem is rapidly degenerated in 15 years (1986-2000).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0501107)the Project of Ordos Science and Technology Program (2017006)the Special Project of Science and Technology Basic Work of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2014FY110800)
文摘It is known that the exploitation of opencast coal mines has seriously damaged the environments in the semi-arid areas.Vegetation status can reliably reflect the ecological degeneration and restoration in the opencast mining areas in the semi-arid areas.Long-time series MODIS NDVI data are widely used to simulate the vegetation cover to reflect the disturbance and restoration of local ecosystems.In this study, both qualitative(linear regression method and coefficient of variation(CoV)) and quantitative(spatial buffer analysis, and change amplitude and the rate of change in the average NDVI) analyses were conducted to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation during 2000–2017 in Jungar Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, at the large(Jungar Banner and three mine groups) and small(three types of functional areas: opencast coal mining excavation areas, reclamation areas and natural areas) scales.The results show that the rates of change in the average NDVI in the reclamation areas(20%–60%) and opencast coal mining excavation areas(10%–20%) were considerably higher than that in the natural areas(<7%).The vegetation in the reclamation areas experienced a trend of increase(3–5 a after reclamation)-decrease(the sixth year of reclamation)-stability.The vegetation in Jungar Banner has a spatial heterogeneity under the influences of mining and reclamation activities.The ratio of vegetation improvement area to vegetation degradation area in the west, southwest and east mine groups during 2000–2017 was 8:1, 20:1 and 33:1, respectively.The regions with the high CoV of NDVI above 0.45 were mainly distributed around the opencast coal mining excavation areas, and the regions with the CoV of NDVI above 0.25 were mostly located in areas with low(28.8%) and medium-low(10.2%) vegetation cover.The average disturbance distances of mining activities on vegetation in the three mine groups(west, southwest and east) were 800, 800 and 1000 m, respectively.The greater the scale of mining, the farther the di
文摘Every year,ruddy shelducks,a migratory bird species,take a break from their northbound journey in Xiaotanzi,a village on the bank of the Yellow River in Jungar Banner,Ordos City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Over the past few years,the local government has been taking numerous measures aimed at protecting the 238-km Jungar Banner section of the river.
文摘This book aims to offer a comprehensive view through long-term research,using straightforward and lively language.It introduces various aspects of the Qing era,including the extent of imperial power,the Banner System,the relationship between the Inner Cabinet and the Grand Council,local social management,the imperial examination system,local gentry,judicial examination and justice,imperial finances,military expenditures,women's rights,social status,and the changes in privileges and social status of the Banner people.
文摘Innovation empowers the battle against desertification and sandification in China,With birds chirping and lushplants swaying in the breeze,the shelterbelts intheoncebarrensand sea inAlxa Left Banner,a county-level administrative division,are brimming with vitality.
文摘Liu Zhongyuan,a technician at the Ruichen Wanniu Livestock Farm in Jungar Zhao Town,Jungar Banner,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,has been busy at work.Unlike conventional cattle farms,Ruichen Wanniu Livestock Farm has adopted a new agro-husbandry development model that integrates livestock production with photovoltaic power generation,with solar power panels installed on the roofs of cowsheds and other places.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0501003)
文摘To evaluate and provide an appropriate theoretical direction for research into climate-vegetation interactions using meteorological station data at different time scales,we examined differences between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)and their responses to climate factors. We looked for correlations between'data extracted from MOD13Q1 remote sensing images and meteorological station data for the two indexes.The results showed that even though NDVI and EVI are derived from the same remote sensing image,their response to climate factors was significantly different.In the same meteorological station,the correlation coefficients for NDVI,EVI and climate factors were different;correlation coefficients between NDVI,EVI and climate factors varied with meteorological station.In addition,there was a lag effect for responses of NDVI to average minimum temperature,average temperature,average vapor pressure,minimum relative humidity, extreme wind speed,maximum wind speed,average wind speed and average station air-pressure.EVI had a lag only for average minimum temperature,average vapor pressure,extreme wind speed,maximum wind speed and average station air-pressure.The lag period was variable,but most were in the -3 period.Different vegetation types had different sensitivities to climate.The correlation between meteorological stations and vegetation requires more attention in future research.
文摘As the Spring Festival draws near,Desheng Youliang Village in Nuanshui Township,Jungar Banner in Ordos City of north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,enters a new round of apple sales.In the 2,000 cubic meters of cold storage facility,workers are busy picking,packing,and loading.
文摘The Pisha sandstone region in Jungar Banner once suffered the most severe water loss and soil erosion in the world.In just a couple of decades,the apple industry has become a major business for the local economy.
文摘A north China county takes numerous measures to improve river ecology.EVERY winter,flocks of ruddy shelducks fly to Xiaotanzi,a village on the bank of the Yellow River in Jungar Banner in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Here they blithely play over and on the waters,providing a lovely view to people.
文摘An Inner Mongolian town takes giant steps in transitioning to clean energy production.AS the Chinese people across the country were preparing to celebrate the Spring Festival holiday,Liu Zhongyuan,a technician at the Ruichen Wanniu Livestock Farm in Jungar Zhao Town,Jungar Banner,Inner Mongolia,was busy at work.
