【目的】研究抗菌肽对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和机体成分的影响,为水产饵料抗菌肽添加剂的研发与应用提供参考。【方法】以健康凡纳滨对虾虾苗为试验动物,在育苗池内进行养殖试验,分别在基础饵料中添加1.0 m L/kg（1号组）、3.0 m L/kg（2...【目的】研究抗菌肽对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和机体成分的影响,为水产饵料抗菌肽添加剂的研发与应用提供参考。【方法】以健康凡纳滨对虾虾苗为试验动物,在育苗池内进行养殖试验,分别在基础饵料中添加1.0 m L/kg（1号组）、3.0 m L/kg（2号组）、5.0 m L/kg（3号组）、8.0 m L/kg（4号组）和12.0 m L/kg（5号组）的抗菌肽,以不添加抗菌肽为对照,每组设3个平行,对比不同水平抗菌肽对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和机体营养成分的影响。【结果】投喂40 d后,抗菌肽对凡纳滨对虾的增重率、成活率、体长增长率及粗蛋白、粗脂肪和磷含量均有显著影响（P〈0.05,下同）。4号组和5号组凡纳滨对虾的增重率和体长增长率最高,显著高于其他各组;2～5号组的凡纳滨对虾成活率均达100%,显著高于对照组;4、5号组凡纳滨对虾的粗蛋白含量显著高于对照组和1、2号组;3、4、5号组粗脂肪含量及各试验组磷含量均显著低于对照组。抗菌肽对凡纳滨对虾的饵料系数及水分、粗灰分和钙含量则无显著影响（P〉0.05）。【结论】在饵料中添加抗菌肽可提高凡纳滨对虾虾苗的增重率和成活率,并适当改善凡纳滨对虾营养品质,以添加量为5.0～8.0m L/kg的效果最佳。展开更多
In the light of the current problems of silver nanoparticles （Ag NPs） in terms of antibacterial performance, we have designed a novel trimetallic corelshell nanostructure with AgPt alloy nanodots epitaxially grown o...In the light of the current problems of silver nanoparticles （Ag NPs） in terms of antibacterial performance, we have designed a novel trimetallic corelshell nanostructure with AgPt alloy nanodots epitaxially grown on gold nanorods （Au@PtAg NRs） as a potential antibacterial agent. Both Escherichia coli （E. coli） and Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus） were studied. The antibacterial activity exhibits an obvious composition-dependence. On increasing the Ag fraction in the alloy shell up to 80%, the antibacterial activity gradually increases, demonstrating a flexible way to tune this activity. At 80% Ag, tile antibacterial activity is better than that of a pure Ag shell. The improved antibacterial ability mainly results from the high exposure of silver on the shell surface due to the dot morphology. We thus demonstrate that forming alloys is an effective way to improve antibacterial activity while retaining high chemical stability for Ag-based nanomaterials. Furthermore, due to the tunable localized surface plasmonic response in the near-infrared （NIR） spectral region, additional control over antibacterial activity using light--such as photothermal killing and photo- triggered silver ion release--is expected. As a demonstration, highly enhanced antibacterial activity is shown by utilizing the NIR photothermal effect of the nanostructures. Our results indicate that such tailored nanostructures will find a role in the future fight against bacteria, including the challenge of the increasing severity of multidrug resistance.展开更多
研究了葡萄籽提取物的抑菌活性,并测定了两种葡萄籽油的化学成分。以宁夏贺兰山东麓产区两种酿酒葡萄的葡萄籽为原料,通过微生物抑菌圈实验,测定了葡萄籽不同极性有机溶剂提取物、两种葡萄籽油对三种细菌的抑菌活性;同时,采用气相色谱...研究了葡萄籽提取物的抑菌活性,并测定了两种葡萄籽油的化学成分。以宁夏贺兰山东麓产区两种酿酒葡萄的葡萄籽为原料,通过微生物抑菌圈实验,测定了葡萄籽不同极性有机溶剂提取物、两种葡萄籽油对三种细菌的抑菌活性;同时,采用气相色谱联合质谱法(chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定了葡萄籽油的化学成分。结果表明,葡萄籽提取物的抑菌活性由强到弱排列如下:正丁醇萃取物(N-butanol part of 95%ethanol total extracts,TEN)>95%乙醇总浸提物(95%ethanol total extracts,TE)>石油醚萃取物(Petroleum ether part of 95%ethanol total extracts,TEP)>乙酸乙酯萃取物(Ethyl acetate part of 95%ethanol total extracts,TEE)>两种葡萄籽油(Oil-1、Oil-2);TEN样品在0.20 g/mL浓度时对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌显示出强抑菌效果,对枯草芽孢杆菌也显示出较强抑菌效果。此外,两种酿酒葡萄的葡萄籽油化学成分种类相似,Oil-1、Oil-2中分别鉴定出11个和10个化合物,主要组成成分为脂肪酸和酯类,但各成分含量差异较大,Oil-1、Oil-2的亚油酸含量分别为55.36%、43.97%,除亚油酸外Oil-1中其余相同成分的含量均低于Oil-2。本实验提示葡萄籽正丁醇萃取物可以应用于食品的保鲜防腐,为葡萄籽的药用食用开发利用提供基础理论支持。展开更多
文摘【目的】研究抗菌肽对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和机体成分的影响,为水产饵料抗菌肽添加剂的研发与应用提供参考。【方法】以健康凡纳滨对虾虾苗为试验动物,在育苗池内进行养殖试验,分别在基础饵料中添加1.0 m L/kg（1号组）、3.0 m L/kg（2号组）、5.0 m L/kg（3号组）、8.0 m L/kg（4号组）和12.0 m L/kg（5号组）的抗菌肽,以不添加抗菌肽为对照,每组设3个平行,对比不同水平抗菌肽对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和机体营养成分的影响。【结果】投喂40 d后,抗菌肽对凡纳滨对虾的增重率、成活率、体长增长率及粗蛋白、粗脂肪和磷含量均有显著影响（P〈0.05,下同）。4号组和5号组凡纳滨对虾的增重率和体长增长率最高,显著高于其他各组;2～5号组的凡纳滨对虾成活率均达100%,显著高于对照组;4、5号组凡纳滨对虾的粗蛋白含量显著高于对照组和1、2号组;3、4、5号组粗脂肪含量及各试验组磷含量均显著低于对照组。抗菌肽对凡纳滨对虾的饵料系数及水分、粗灰分和钙含量则无显著影响（P〉0.05）。【结论】在饵料中添加抗菌肽可提高凡纳滨对虾虾苗的增重率和成活率,并适当改善凡纳滨对虾营养品质,以添加量为5.0～8.0m L/kg的效果最佳。
文摘In the light of the current problems of silver nanoparticles （Ag NPs） in terms of antibacterial performance, we have designed a novel trimetallic corelshell nanostructure with AgPt alloy nanodots epitaxially grown on gold nanorods （Au@PtAg NRs） as a potential antibacterial agent. Both Escherichia coli （E. coli） and Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus） were studied. The antibacterial activity exhibits an obvious composition-dependence. On increasing the Ag fraction in the alloy shell up to 80%, the antibacterial activity gradually increases, demonstrating a flexible way to tune this activity. At 80% Ag, tile antibacterial activity is better than that of a pure Ag shell. The improved antibacterial ability mainly results from the high exposure of silver on the shell surface due to the dot morphology. We thus demonstrate that forming alloys is an effective way to improve antibacterial activity while retaining high chemical stability for Ag-based nanomaterials. Furthermore, due to the tunable localized surface plasmonic response in the near-infrared （NIR） spectral region, additional control over antibacterial activity using light--such as photothermal killing and photo- triggered silver ion release--is expected. As a demonstration, highly enhanced antibacterial activity is shown by utilizing the NIR photothermal effect of the nanostructures. Our results indicate that such tailored nanostructures will find a role in the future fight against bacteria, including the challenge of the increasing severity of multidrug resistance.
文摘研究了葡萄籽提取物的抑菌活性,并测定了两种葡萄籽油的化学成分。以宁夏贺兰山东麓产区两种酿酒葡萄的葡萄籽为原料,通过微生物抑菌圈实验,测定了葡萄籽不同极性有机溶剂提取物、两种葡萄籽油对三种细菌的抑菌活性;同时,采用气相色谱联合质谱法(chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定了葡萄籽油的化学成分。结果表明,葡萄籽提取物的抑菌活性由强到弱排列如下:正丁醇萃取物(N-butanol part of 95%ethanol total extracts,TEN)>95%乙醇总浸提物(95%ethanol total extracts,TE)>石油醚萃取物(Petroleum ether part of 95%ethanol total extracts,TEP)>乙酸乙酯萃取物(Ethyl acetate part of 95%ethanol total extracts,TEE)>两种葡萄籽油(Oil-1、Oil-2);TEN样品在0.20 g/mL浓度时对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌显示出强抑菌效果,对枯草芽孢杆菌也显示出较强抑菌效果。此外,两种酿酒葡萄的葡萄籽油化学成分种类相似,Oil-1、Oil-2中分别鉴定出11个和10个化合物,主要组成成分为脂肪酸和酯类,但各成分含量差异较大,Oil-1、Oil-2的亚油酸含量分别为55.36%、43.97%,除亚油酸外Oil-1中其余相同成分的含量均低于Oil-2。本实验提示葡萄籽正丁醇萃取物可以应用于食品的保鲜防腐,为葡萄籽的药用食用开发利用提供基础理论支持。
