文章针对基于坡度滤波算法在地形复杂地区中难以合理设置滤波阈值的问题,提出了一种基于多尺度网格的点云自适应坡度滤波的算法。首先在构建的多尺度的虚拟网格内选取最优点作为初始地面种子点,计算网格的点云空间占比并划分网格语义属...文章针对基于坡度滤波算法在地形复杂地区中难以合理设置滤波阈值的问题,提出了一种基于多尺度网格的点云自适应坡度滤波的算法。首先在构建的多尺度的虚拟网格内选取最优点作为初始地面种子点,计算网格的点云空间占比并划分网格语义属性,然后利用地形计算因子求得每个网格的坡度分类阈值,再按网格尺度由大到小的方式对整体点云进行坡度滤波,得出真实的地面点云数据。文中采用了多种地形的光探测和测距(Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR)(简称“激光雷达”)数据来验证该算法,结果表明,该算法能够有效去除地面上的植被、建筑物等地物点,保留真实的地面点云数据。该算法重点解决了在伴随地形变化时坡度滤波阈值的计算和自适应设置问题,以及在地形变化剧烈的边缘地带过度滤波的问题。展开更多
In recent years, finite element analyses have increasingly been utilized for slope stability problems. In comparison to limit equilibrium methods, numerical analyses do not require any definition of the failure mechan...In recent years, finite element analyses have increasingly been utilized for slope stability problems. In comparison to limit equilibrium methods, numerical analyses do not require any definition of the failure mechanism a priori and enable the determination of the safety level more accurately. The paper compares the performances of strength reduction finite element analysis(SRFEA) with finite element limit analysis(FELA), whereby the focus is related to non-associated plasticity. Displacement-based finite element analyses using a strength reduction technique suffer from numerical instabilities when using non-associated plasticity, especially when dealing with high friction angles but moderate dilatancy angles. The FELA on the other hand provides rigorous upper and lower bounds of the factor of safety(FoS) but is restricted to associated flow rules. Suggestions to overcome this problem, proposed by Davis(1968), lead to conservative FoSs; therefore, an enhanced procedure has been investigated. When using the modified approach, both the SRFEA and the FELA provide very similar results. Further studies highlight the advantages of using an adaptive mesh refinement to determine FoSs. Additionally, it is shown that the initial stress field does not affect the FoS when using a Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion.展开更多
Deformation of high rock excavation slope has nonlinear evolution characters. It is very difficult to build mechanical model to describe this nonlinear evoution. A genetic-neural network model has been initially propo...Deformation of high rock excavation slope has nonlinear evolution characters. It is very difficult to build mechanical model to describe this nonlinear evoution. A genetic-neural network model has been initially proposed for adaptive and intelligent prediction of deformation of slopes, which used artificial neural network to represent nonlinear evoution of sloPe deformation. Number 0f history points of displacement inputted to the model, topologies of neural network, and learning process of model were adaptive and automatically determined using genetic algorithm. The obtained model was thus optimal at global range, and gave predictions of horizontal displacement at succedent three months for the three measurement points with average relative error of 1. 4 % compared with the measured values. Results from one step prediction and multi-step prediction were combined with the measurements.展开更多
文摘文章针对基于坡度滤波算法在地形复杂地区中难以合理设置滤波阈值的问题,提出了一种基于多尺度网格的点云自适应坡度滤波的算法。首先在构建的多尺度的虚拟网格内选取最优点作为初始地面种子点,计算网格的点云空间占比并划分网格语义属性,然后利用地形计算因子求得每个网格的坡度分类阈值,再按网格尺度由大到小的方式对整体点云进行坡度滤波,得出真实的地面点云数据。文中采用了多种地形的光探测和测距(Light Detection and Ranging,LiDAR)(简称“激光雷达”)数据来验证该算法,结果表明,该算法能够有效去除地面上的植被、建筑物等地物点,保留真实的地面点云数据。该算法重点解决了在伴随地形变化时坡度滤波阈值的计算和自适应设置问题,以及在地形变化剧烈的边缘地带过度滤波的问题。
文摘In recent years, finite element analyses have increasingly been utilized for slope stability problems. In comparison to limit equilibrium methods, numerical analyses do not require any definition of the failure mechanism a priori and enable the determination of the safety level more accurately. The paper compares the performances of strength reduction finite element analysis(SRFEA) with finite element limit analysis(FELA), whereby the focus is related to non-associated plasticity. Displacement-based finite element analyses using a strength reduction technique suffer from numerical instabilities when using non-associated plasticity, especially when dealing with high friction angles but moderate dilatancy angles. The FELA on the other hand provides rigorous upper and lower bounds of the factor of safety(FoS) but is restricted to associated flow rules. Suggestions to overcome this problem, proposed by Davis(1968), lead to conservative FoSs; therefore, an enhanced procedure has been investigated. When using the modified approach, both the SRFEA and the FELA provide very similar results. Further studies highlight the advantages of using an adaptive mesh refinement to determine FoSs. Additionally, it is shown that the initial stress field does not affect the FoS when using a Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion.
文摘Deformation of high rock excavation slope has nonlinear evolution characters. It is very difficult to build mechanical model to describe this nonlinear evoution. A genetic-neural network model has been initially proposed for adaptive and intelligent prediction of deformation of slopes, which used artificial neural network to represent nonlinear evoution of sloPe deformation. Number 0f history points of displacement inputted to the model, topologies of neural network, and learning process of model were adaptive and automatically determined using genetic algorithm. The obtained model was thus optimal at global range, and gave predictions of horizontal displacement at succedent three months for the three measurement points with average relative error of 1. 4 % compared with the measured values. Results from one step prediction and multi-step prediction were combined with the measurements.
