Metformin is a common diabetes drug that may reduce lactate clearance by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation,leading to metforminassociated lactic acidosis(MALA).As diabetes mellitus is a common chronic...Metformin is a common diabetes drug that may reduce lactate clearance by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation,leading to metforminassociated lactic acidosis(MALA).As diabetes mellitus is a common chronic metabolic condition found in critically ill patients,pre-existing metformin use can often be found in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit or the high dependency unit.The aim of this narrative mini review is therefore to update clinicians about MALA,and to provide a practical approach to its diagnosis and treatment.MALA in critically ill patients may be suspected in a patient who has received metformin and who has a high anion gap metabolic acidosis,and confirmed when lactate exceeds 5 mmol/L.Risk factors include those that reduce renal elimination of metformin(renal impairment from any cause,histamine-2 receptor antagonists,ribociclib)and excessive alcohol consumption(as ethanol oxidation consumes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides that are also required for lactate metabolism).Treatment of MALA involves immediate cessation of metformin,supportive management,treating other concurrent causes of lactic acidosis like sepsis,and treating any coexisting diabetic ketoacidosis.Severe MALA requires extracorporeal removal of metformin with either intermittent hemodialysis or continuous kidney replacement therapy.The optimal time to restart metformin has not been well-studied.It is nonetheless reasonable to first ensure that lactic acidosis has resolved,and then recheck the kidney function post-recovery from critical illness,ensuring that the estimated glomerular filtration rate is 30 mL/min/1.73 m^(2) or better before restarting metformin.展开更多
文摘目的 探讨一氧化氮(NO)在糖尿病患者食管动力功能紊乱中的作用。 方法 应用PC polygraf HR高分辨多通道测压系统检测糖尿病患者的食管下括约肌压力(LESP)、食管下括约肌长度(LESL)及食管远端蠕动幅度等动力参数;应用Digitrapper MKⅢ动态pH监测仪检测其24h食管内pH各项参数;此外,血清NO含量也被检测。 结果 糖尿病组LESP,LESL均明显低于正常对照组(1.2kPa±0.08kPa vs 2.5kPa±0.3kPa;2.8cm±0.8cm vs 3.5cm±0.6cm,P<0.01,P<0.05),而多峰波及同步收缩波的病理性蠕动发生率则显著高于正常对照组(57.1％ vs 8.3％;21.4％ vs 8.3％,均P<0.01);糖尿病组的食管内24h pH值明显高于正常对照组,糖尿病组血清NO含量显著高于正常对照组(99.3μmol/L±21.4μmol/L vs 76.6μmol/L±18.7μmol/L,P<0.01)。 结论 2型糖尿病患者食管蠕动异常,食管内酸度增加。一氧化氮可能参与糖尿病食管运动功能障碍的发病机制。
文摘Metformin is a common diabetes drug that may reduce lactate clearance by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation,leading to metforminassociated lactic acidosis(MALA).As diabetes mellitus is a common chronic metabolic condition found in critically ill patients,pre-existing metformin use can often be found in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit or the high dependency unit.The aim of this narrative mini review is therefore to update clinicians about MALA,and to provide a practical approach to its diagnosis and treatment.MALA in critically ill patients may be suspected in a patient who has received metformin and who has a high anion gap metabolic acidosis,and confirmed when lactate exceeds 5 mmol/L.Risk factors include those that reduce renal elimination of metformin(renal impairment from any cause,histamine-2 receptor antagonists,ribociclib)and excessive alcohol consumption(as ethanol oxidation consumes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides that are also required for lactate metabolism).Treatment of MALA involves immediate cessation of metformin,supportive management,treating other concurrent causes of lactic acidosis like sepsis,and treating any coexisting diabetic ketoacidosis.Severe MALA requires extracorporeal removal of metformin with either intermittent hemodialysis or continuous kidney replacement therapy.The optimal time to restart metformin has not been well-studied.It is nonetheless reasonable to first ensure that lactic acidosis has resolved,and then recheck the kidney function post-recovery from critical illness,ensuring that the estimated glomerular filtration rate is 30 mL/min/1.73 m^(2) or better before restarting metformin.
