Picoplankton distribution around the Zhangzi Island（northern Yellow Sea）was investigated by monthly observation from July 2009 to June 2010.Three picoplankton populations were discriminated by flow cytometry,namely ...Picoplankton distribution around the Zhangzi Island（northern Yellow Sea）was investigated by monthly observation from July 2009 to June 2010.Three picoplankton populations were discriminated by flow cytometry,namely Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic prokaryotes.In summer（from July to September）,the edge of the northern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass（NYSCWM）resulting from water column stratification was observed.In the NYSCWM,picoplankton（including Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic prokaryotes）distributed synchronically with extremely high abundance in the thermocline（20 m）in July and August（especially in August）,whereas in the bottom zone of the NYSCWM（below 30 m）,picoplankton abundance was quite low.Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic prokaryotes showed similar response to the NYSCWM,indicating they had similar regulating mechanism under the influence of NYSCWM.Whereas in the non-NYSCWM,Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic prokaryotes exhibited different distribution patterns,suggesting they had different controlling mechanisms.Statistical analysis indicated that temperature,nutrients（NO3^and PO4^3-）and ciliate were important factors in regulating picoplankton distribution.The results in this study suggested that the physical event NYSCWM,had strong influence on picoplankton distribution around the Zhangzi Island in the northern Yellow Sea.展开更多
Nutrient and Chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） concentrations were investigated monthly along three transects extending from a mariculturc area to open waters around the Zhangzi Island area from July to December 2009. The objec...Nutrient and Chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） concentrations were investigated monthly along three transects extending from a mariculturc area to open waters around the Zhangzi Island area from July to December 2009. The objective of this study is to illus- trate food availability to the bottom-sowed scallop Patinopecten yessoensis under the influences of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass （YSCWM）, freshwater input and feedbacks of cultivated scallops. Significant thermal stratification was present in open waters from July to October, and salinity decreased in July and August in surface layers in the mariculture area. Nutrient concentrations increased with depth in both areas in summer, but were similar through water column in November and December. On average, nutrient in- creased from summer to autumn in all components except ammonia. Nutrient concentrations lower than the minimum thresholds for phytoplankton growth were present only in upper layers in summer, but stoichiometric nitrogen limitation existed in the entire inves- tigation period. Column-averaged Chl-a concentration was lower in open waters than in mariculture area in all months. It increased significantly in mariculturc area in August and October, and was less variable in open waters. Our results show that nutrients limita- tion to phytoplankton growth is present mainly in upper layer in association with stratification caused by YSCWM in summer. Freshwater input and upwelling of nutrients accumulated in YSCWM can stimulate phytoplankton production in mariculture area. Farming activities may change stoichiometric nutrient ratios but have less influence on Chl-a concentration.展开更多
Three seabed-mounted TD/CTD chains and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) in the southwest of Zhangzi Island are used and a simultaneous cruise observation in the northern North Yellow Sea (...Three seabed-mounted TD/CTD chains and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) in the southwest of Zhangzi Island are used and a simultaneous cruise observation in the northern North Yellow Sea (NYS) is conducted to study temperature variation in the bottom thermal front zone of the NYS Cold Water Mass (NYSCWM) during the summer of 2009. In the flood-ebb tidal cycles, the bottom temperature decreases (increases) during flood (ebb) tides, which are dominated by the tidal-current induced horizontal advection. The ebb tide-induced temperature increase is larger than the flood tide-induced tempera- ture decrease due to seasonal warming. In the spring-neap tidal cycles, the temperature and the vertical temperature structure show notable fortnightly variation from 16 July to 25 August. The bottom temperature increases from neap to spring tides and decreases from spring to neap. The Richardson number demonstrates strengthened vertical mixing during spring tides but enhanced stratifica- tion during neap tides. The spring-neap variation in vertical shear caused by tidal current is the dominant factor that induces the fort- nightly variation in vertical mixing and thus bottom temperature.展开更多
Rapid changes in the near-bottom water temperature are important environmental factors that can significantly affect the growth and development of species in the bottom culture.The object of this research is to invest...Rapid changes in the near-bottom water temperature are important environmental factors that can significantly affect the growth and development of species in the bottom culture.The object of this research is to investigate the mechanism causing these rapid changes within a bottom culture area near the Zhangzi Island.The hydrographic transects observations in the North Yellow Sea(NYS)suggest that our mooring station is very close to the tidal mixing front.The horizontal advection of the tidal front has induced the observed tidal change of bottom temperature at the mooring station.Analysis of the mooring near-bottom temperature and current measurements show that the angle between the tidal current horizontal advection and the swing of the tidal front is crucial in determining the variation trend of temperature.When the angle equals 90°,the horizontal tidal current advects along the isotherms so the temperature remains the same.When the angle is between 0°and 90°,the seawater moves from deep water to the warmer coastal zone and the temperature decreases.In contrast,the horizontal tidal advection moves the coastal warm water to the mooring station and the water temperature increases when the angle is between 90°and 180°.The amplitude of the temperature change is proportional to the magnitude of the horizontal temperature gradient and the tidal excursion in the direction of the temperature gradient.This study may facilitate the choice of culture area in order to have a good aquaculture production.展开更多
Samples were collected monthly from the sea area around Zhangzi Island,northern Yellow Sea,from July 2009 to June 2010.Vertical net towing was used to examine spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton abundance ...Samples were collected monthly from the sea area around Zhangzi Island,northern Yellow Sea,from July 2009 to June 2010.Vertical net towing was used to examine spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton abundance and biomass.Overall,C alanus sinicus and Saggita crassa were the dominant species found during the study period,while the amphipod T hemisto gracilipes was dominant in winter and spring.Vast numbers of the ctenophore species of the genus Beroe were found in October and November.It was not possible to count them,but they constituted a large portion of the total zooplankton biomass.Zooplankton species diversity was highest in October,and species evenness was highest in April.Zooplankton abundance(non-jellyfi sh)and biomass were highest in June and lowest in August,with annual averages of 131.3 ind./m3and 217.5 mg/m3,respectively.Water temperature may be responsible for the variations in zooplankton abundance and biomass.B eroe biomass was negatively correlated with other zooplankton abundance.Longterm investigations will be carried out to learn more about the infl uence of the environment on zooplankton assemblages.展开更多
采用手线钓和定置网法连续3年对獐子岛海洋牧场深水鱼礁区投礁后的鱼类资源状况进行了调查评估。调查结果表明:共捕获鱼类6种,主要经济鱼种为大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii、许氏平鮋Sebastes schlegeli,采用手线钓法捕获两种鱼的单位...采用手线钓和定置网法连续3年对獐子岛海洋牧场深水鱼礁区投礁后的鱼类资源状况进行了调查评估。调查结果表明:共捕获鱼类6种,主要经济鱼种为大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii、许氏平鮋Sebastes schlegeli,采用手线钓法捕获两种鱼的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)最大值分别为97.8、281.8g/(人·钩·h),采用定置网法捕获两种鱼的CPUE最大值分别为2039.2、163.4 g/(笼·h)。对调查获得的鱼类进行分析,结果表明:2012年春季主要岩礁型鱼类尾均体质量与2011年相比,大泷六线鱼增长0.12倍,许氏平鮋增长0.23倍,资源量增加显著;手线钓渔获的尾均体长、体质量高于定置网,在鱼礁区手线钓作业的适宜季节为春季;鱼礁区主要鱼类为等速生长,许氏平鮋、大泷六线鱼、方氏云鳚Enedrias fangi Wang et Wang等种间丰满度有明显差异;2013年采用定置网捕获鱼礁区大泷六线鱼的尾均体质量为非鱼礁区的9.36倍,鱼类资源养护效果显著。调查结果显示,人工鱼礁区鱼类资源已得到有效养护,与投礁前相比增殖效果明显。展开更多
为准确评估獐子岛海洋牧场的渔业资源量,科学评价人工鱼礁的建设效果,2016年11月12日利用獐子岛科研船载双频分裂波束科学鱼探仪系统(Simrad EK60型,120 k Hz、200 k Hz,挪威)结合定置网具对獐子岛海洋牧场的深水鱼礁区进行了渔业资源...为准确评估獐子岛海洋牧场的渔业资源量,科学评价人工鱼礁的建设效果,2016年11月12日利用獐子岛科研船载双频分裂波束科学鱼探仪系统(Simrad EK60型,120 k Hz、200 k Hz,挪威)结合定置网具对獐子岛海洋牧场的深水鱼礁区进行了渔业资源声学调查,并利用回波积分法分析人工鱼礁区内外的渔业资源空间分布和资源量。结果表明:生物采样共采集鱼类36种,其中虾蟹类、头足类共11种;鱼礁区内捕获鱼类29种,其中虾蟹类、头足类11种,鱼礁区外捕获鱼类24种,其中虾蟹类、头足类9种;鱼礁区内生物资源量平均密度为0.046 ind./m^2,而鱼礁区外生物资源量平均密度为0.033 ind./m^2;鱼礁区内单体目标强度为-65～-53 d B的目标物主要分布于20 m以浅水层,单体目标强度为-47～-29 d B的目标物主要分布于30 m以深的底层;鱼礁区外单体目标强度为-65～-57 d B的目标物分布于各水层,目标强度为-55～-25 d B的目标物主要分布于23～30 m水层,底层个体较少。研究表明,人工鱼礁区内水域平均生物资源量密度比鱼礁区外水域高39.4%,人工鱼礁区内生物种类比鱼礁区外水域高20.8%,人工鱼礁对渔业资源的养护效果较好。展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41306160the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers under contract No.U1606404the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.XDA11020103.1
文摘Picoplankton distribution around the Zhangzi Island（northern Yellow Sea）was investigated by monthly observation from July 2009 to June 2010.Three picoplankton populations were discriminated by flow cytometry,namely Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic prokaryotes.In summer（from July to September）,the edge of the northern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass（NYSCWM）resulting from water column stratification was observed.In the NYSCWM,picoplankton（including Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic prokaryotes）distributed synchronically with extremely high abundance in the thermocline（20 m）in July and August（especially in August）,whereas in the bottom zone of the NYSCWM（below 30 m）,picoplankton abundance was quite low.Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic prokaryotes showed similar response to the NYSCWM,indicating they had similar regulating mechanism under the influence of NYSCWM.Whereas in the non-NYSCWM,Synechococcus,picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic prokaryotes exhibited different distribution patterns,suggesting they had different controlling mechanisms.Statistical analysis indicated that temperature,nutrients（NO3^and PO4^3-）and ciliate were important factors in regulating picoplankton distribution.The results in this study suggested that the physical event NYSCWM,had strong influence on picoplankton distribution around the Zhangzi Island in the northern Yellow Sea.
基金financially supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Science and Technology Ministry of China(No.2011CB403604)the IOCAS-Zhangzidao Fishery Eco-Mariculture Joint Laboratory
文摘Nutrient and Chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） concentrations were investigated monthly along three transects extending from a mariculturc area to open waters around the Zhangzi Island area from July to December 2009. The objective of this study is to illus- trate food availability to the bottom-sowed scallop Patinopecten yessoensis under the influences of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass （YSCWM）, freshwater input and feedbacks of cultivated scallops. Significant thermal stratification was present in open waters from July to October, and salinity decreased in July and August in surface layers in the mariculture area. Nutrient concentrations increased with depth in both areas in summer, but were similar through water column in November and December. On average, nutrient in- creased from summer to autumn in all components except ammonia. Nutrient concentrations lower than the minimum thresholds for phytoplankton growth were present only in upper layers in summer, but stoichiometric nitrogen limitation existed in the entire inves- tigation period. Column-averaged Chl-a concentration was lower in open waters than in mariculture area in all months. It increased significantly in mariculturc area in August and October, and was less variable in open waters. Our results show that nutrients limita- tion to phytoplankton growth is present mainly in upper layer in association with stratification caused by YSCWM in summer. Freshwater input and upwelling of nutrients accumulated in YSCWM can stimulate phytoplankton production in mariculture area. Farming activities may change stoichiometric nutrient ratios but have less influence on Chl-a concentration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U1706215, 41506012, 41430963 and 41606005)
文摘Three seabed-mounted TD/CTD chains and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) in the southwest of Zhangzi Island are used and a simultaneous cruise observation in the northern North Yellow Sea (NYS) is conducted to study temperature variation in the bottom thermal front zone of the NYS Cold Water Mass (NYSCWM) during the summer of 2009. In the flood-ebb tidal cycles, the bottom temperature decreases (increases) during flood (ebb) tides, which are dominated by the tidal-current induced horizontal advection. The ebb tide-induced temperature increase is larger than the flood tide-induced tempera- ture decrease due to seasonal warming. In the spring-neap tidal cycles, the temperature and the vertical temperature structure show notable fortnightly variation from 16 July to 25 August. The bottom temperature increases from neap to spring tides and decreases from spring to neap. The Richardson number demonstrates strengthened vertical mixing during spring tides but enhanced stratifica- tion during neap tides. The spring-neap variation in vertical shear caused by tidal current is the dominant factor that induces the fort- nightly variation in vertical mixing and thus bottom temperature.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract Nos 2017YFC1404403 and2016YFC1401602。
文摘Rapid changes in the near-bottom water temperature are important environmental factors that can significantly affect the growth and development of species in the bottom culture.The object of this research is to investigate the mechanism causing these rapid changes within a bottom culture area near the Zhangzi Island.The hydrographic transects observations in the North Yellow Sea(NYS)suggest that our mooring station is very close to the tidal mixing front.The horizontal advection of the tidal front has induced the observed tidal change of bottom temperature at the mooring station.Analysis of the mooring near-bottom temperature and current measurements show that the angle between the tidal current horizontal advection and the swing of the tidal front is crucial in determining the variation trend of temperature.When the angle equals 90°,the horizontal tidal current advects along the isotherms so the temperature remains the same.When the angle is between 0°and 90°,the seawater moves from deep water to the warmer coastal zone and the temperature decreases.In contrast,the horizontal tidal advection moves the coastal warm water to the mooring station and the water temperature increases when the angle is between 90°and 180°.The amplitude of the temperature change is proportional to the magnitude of the horizontal temperature gradient and the tidal excursion in the direction of the temperature gradient.This study may facilitate the choice of culture area in order to have a good aquaculture production.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(No.41506153)the Special Fund for Strategic Pilot Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences A(No.XDA11020701)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Samples were collected monthly from the sea area around Zhangzi Island,northern Yellow Sea,from July 2009 to June 2010.Vertical net towing was used to examine spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton abundance and biomass.Overall,C alanus sinicus and Saggita crassa were the dominant species found during the study period,while the amphipod T hemisto gracilipes was dominant in winter and spring.Vast numbers of the ctenophore species of the genus Beroe were found in October and November.It was not possible to count them,but they constituted a large portion of the total zooplankton biomass.Zooplankton species diversity was highest in October,and species evenness was highest in April.Zooplankton abundance(non-jellyfi sh)and biomass were highest in June and lowest in August,with annual averages of 131.3 ind./m3and 217.5 mg/m3,respectively.Water temperature may be responsible for the variations in zooplankton abundance and biomass.B eroe biomass was negatively correlated with other zooplankton abundance.Longterm investigations will be carried out to learn more about the infl uence of the environment on zooplankton assemblages.
文摘采用手线钓和定置网法连续3年对獐子岛海洋牧场深水鱼礁区投礁后的鱼类资源状况进行了调查评估。调查结果表明:共捕获鱼类6种,主要经济鱼种为大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii、许氏平鮋Sebastes schlegeli,采用手线钓法捕获两种鱼的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)最大值分别为97.8、281.8g/(人·钩·h),采用定置网法捕获两种鱼的CPUE最大值分别为2039.2、163.4 g/(笼·h)。对调查获得的鱼类进行分析,结果表明:2012年春季主要岩礁型鱼类尾均体质量与2011年相比,大泷六线鱼增长0.12倍,许氏平鮋增长0.23倍,资源量增加显著;手线钓渔获的尾均体长、体质量高于定置网,在鱼礁区手线钓作业的适宜季节为春季;鱼礁区主要鱼类为等速生长,许氏平鮋、大泷六线鱼、方氏云鳚Enedrias fangi Wang et Wang等种间丰满度有明显差异;2013年采用定置网捕获鱼礁区大泷六线鱼的尾均体质量为非鱼礁区的9.36倍,鱼类资源养护效果显著。调查结果显示,人工鱼礁区鱼类资源已得到有效养护,与投礁前相比增殖效果明显。
文摘为准确评估獐子岛海洋牧场的渔业资源量,科学评价人工鱼礁的建设效果,2016年11月12日利用獐子岛科研船载双频分裂波束科学鱼探仪系统(Simrad EK60型,120 k Hz、200 k Hz,挪威)结合定置网具对獐子岛海洋牧场的深水鱼礁区进行了渔业资源声学调查,并利用回波积分法分析人工鱼礁区内外的渔业资源空间分布和资源量。结果表明:生物采样共采集鱼类36种,其中虾蟹类、头足类共11种;鱼礁区内捕获鱼类29种,其中虾蟹类、头足类11种,鱼礁区外捕获鱼类24种,其中虾蟹类、头足类9种;鱼礁区内生物资源量平均密度为0.046 ind./m^2,而鱼礁区外生物资源量平均密度为0.033 ind./m^2;鱼礁区内单体目标强度为-65～-53 d B的目标物主要分布于20 m以浅水层,单体目标强度为-47～-29 d B的目标物主要分布于30 m以深的底层;鱼礁区外单体目标强度为-65～-57 d B的目标物分布于各水层,目标强度为-55～-25 d B的目标物主要分布于23～30 m水层,底层个体较少。研究表明,人工鱼礁区内水域平均生物资源量密度比鱼礁区外水域高39.4%,人工鱼礁区内生物种类比鱼礁区外水域高20.8%,人工鱼礁对渔业资源的养护效果较好。
