Paternal imprinted genes(H19 and Gtl2)are pivotal for prenatal embryonic development in mice.Nongrowing oocytes and sperm-or oocyte-originated haploid embryonic stem cells(ha ESCs)carrying both H19-DMR(differentially ...Paternal imprinted genes(H19 and Gtl2)are pivotal for prenatal embryonic development in mice.Nongrowing oocytes and sperm-or oocyte-originated haploid embryonic stem cells(ha ESCs)carrying both H19-DMR(differentially DNA-methylated region)and IG(intergenic)-DMR deletions that partially mimic paternal imprinting of H19-Igf2 and Dlk1-Dio3 can be employed as sperm replacement to efficiently support full-term embryonic development.However,how H19-DMR and IG-DMR act together to regulate embryonic development is still largely unknown.Here,using androgenetic ha ESC(AG-ha ESC)-mediated semi-cloned(SC)technology,we showed that paternal H19-DMR and IG-DMR are not essential for pre-implantation development of SC embryos generated through injection of AG-ha ESCs into oocytes.H19-DMR plays critical roles before 12.5 days of gestation while IG-DMR is essential for late-gestation of SC embryos.Interestingly,we found that combined deletions of H19 and H19-DMR can further improve the efficiency of normal development of SC embryos at mid-gestation compared to DKO SC embryos.Transcriptome and histology analyses revealed that H19 and H19-DMR combined deletions rescue the placental defects.Furthermore,we showed that H19,H19-DMR and IG-DMR deletions(TKO)give rise to better prenatal and postnatal embryonic development of SC embryos compared to DKO.Together,our results indicate the temporal regulation of paternal imprinted loci during embryonic development.展开更多
The cooperative interaction distance measure has been proposed as a novel law pertaining to dialectics of nature, and has been extensively carried out in the design of functional nanomaterials. However, the temporal a...The cooperative interaction distance measure has been proposed as a novel law pertaining to dialectics of nature, and has been extensively carried out in the design of functional nanomaterials. However, the temporal and spatial dimensions are akin to yin and yang, and thus temporal regulation needs to be accounted for when implementing the above-mentioned principle. Here, we summarize recent advances in temporally and spatially regulated materials and devices. We showcase the temporal regulation of organic semiconductors for organic photovoltaics （OPVs） using the example of exciton lifetime manipulation. As an example of spatial regulation, we consider the distribution of charge carriers in core-shell quantum dot （QD） nanocrystals for modulating their optical properties. Long exciton lifetime can in principle increase the exciton diffussion length, which is desiable for high-efficiency large-area OPV devices. Spatially regulated QDs are highly valuable emitters for light-emitting applications. We aim to show that cooperative spatio-temporal regulation of nanomaterils is of vital importance to the development of functional devices.展开更多
Recent research has revealed a remarkable diversity of viruses in archaeal-rich environments where spindles, spheres, fila- ments and rods are common, together with other exceptional morphotypes never recorded previou...Recent research has revealed a remarkable diversity of viruses in archaeal-rich environments where spindles, spheres, fila- ments and rods are common, together with other exceptional morphotypes never recorded previously. Moreover, their dou- ble-stranded DNA genomes carry very few genes exhibiting homology to those of bacterial and eukaryal viruses. Studies on viral life cycles are still at a preliminary stage but important insights are being gained especially from microarray analyses of viral transcripts for a few model virus-host systems. Recently, evidence has been presented for some exceptional archaeal- nspecific mechanisms for extra-cellular morphological development of virions and for their cellular extrusion. Here we sum- marise some of the recent developments in this rapidly developing and exciting research area.展开更多
基金partly supported by the Genome Tagging Project,Fountain-Valley Life Sciences Fund of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Education Foundation and grants from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB19010204,OYZDJ-SSW-SMC023 and Facility-based Open Research Program)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31530048,81672117,31730062,31821004,and31601163)+1 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0109900)Shanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology(16JC1420500,17JC1420102,17JC1400900,and17411954900)
文摘Paternal imprinted genes(H19 and Gtl2)are pivotal for prenatal embryonic development in mice.Nongrowing oocytes and sperm-or oocyte-originated haploid embryonic stem cells(ha ESCs)carrying both H19-DMR(differentially DNA-methylated region)and IG(intergenic)-DMR deletions that partially mimic paternal imprinting of H19-Igf2 and Dlk1-Dio3 can be employed as sperm replacement to efficiently support full-term embryonic development.However,how H19-DMR and IG-DMR act together to regulate embryonic development is still largely unknown.Here,using androgenetic ha ESC(AG-ha ESC)-mediated semi-cloned(SC)technology,we showed that paternal H19-DMR and IG-DMR are not essential for pre-implantation development of SC embryos generated through injection of AG-ha ESCs into oocytes.H19-DMR plays critical roles before 12.5 days of gestation while IG-DMR is essential for late-gestation of SC embryos.Interestingly,we found that combined deletions of H19 and H19-DMR can further improve the efficiency of normal development of SC embryos at mid-gestation compared to DKO SC embryos.Transcriptome and histology analyses revealed that H19 and H19-DMR combined deletions rescue the placental defects.Furthermore,we showed that H19,H19-DMR and IG-DMR deletions(TKO)give rise to better prenatal and postnatal embryonic development of SC embryos compared to DKO.Together,our results indicate the temporal regulation of paternal imprinted loci during embryonic development.
基金Acknowledgements J. X. acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 21502147 （J. X.）, No. 21421061 （J. L.）） and the generous start-up funds from Wuhan University of Technology （No. 40122004）.
文摘The cooperative interaction distance measure has been proposed as a novel law pertaining to dialectics of nature, and has been extensively carried out in the design of functional nanomaterials. However, the temporal and spatial dimensions are akin to yin and yang, and thus temporal regulation needs to be accounted for when implementing the above-mentioned principle. Here, we summarize recent advances in temporally and spatially regulated materials and devices. We showcase the temporal regulation of organic semiconductors for organic photovoltaics （OPVs） using the example of exciton lifetime manipulation. As an example of spatial regulation, we consider the distribution of charge carriers in core-shell quantum dot （QD） nanocrystals for modulating their optical properties. Long exciton lifetime can in principle increase the exciton diffussion length, which is desiable for high-efficiency large-area OPV devices. Spatially regulated QDs are highly valuable emitters for light-emitting applications. We aim to show that cooperative spatio-temporal regulation of nanomaterils is of vital importance to the development of functional devices.
基金supported by grants from the Danish Natural Science Research Councilthe Danish Council of Technology and Production+1 种基金the Danish Foundation for Basic Researchthe European Union
文摘Recent research has revealed a remarkable diversity of viruses in archaeal-rich environments where spindles, spheres, fila- ments and rods are common, together with other exceptional morphotypes never recorded previously. Moreover, their dou- ble-stranded DNA genomes carry very few genes exhibiting homology to those of bacterial and eukaryal viruses. Studies on viral life cycles are still at a preliminary stage but important insights are being gained especially from microarray analyses of viral transcripts for a few model virus-host systems. Recently, evidence has been presented for some exceptional archaeal- nspecific mechanisms for extra-cellular morphological development of virions and for their cellular extrusion. Here we sum- marise some of the recent developments in this rapidly developing and exciting research area.
