A severe outbreak of cholera in Ibadan (Oyo state, Nigeria) occurred after a devastating flood in August, 2011, causing the death of over 18 persons and several cases of hospitalization. The project aimed at screening...A severe outbreak of cholera in Ibadan (Oyo state, Nigeria) occurred after a devastating flood in August, 2011, causing the death of over 18 persons and several cases of hospitalization. The project aimed at screening sachet water for mi-croorganisms related to water-borne diseases. One hundred sachet water samples were randomly collected. The pH was determined using a digital pH meter. Values ranged between 6.3 - 8.7, with 28% of the samples being above the WHO approved range of 6.4 - 7.6. No residual chlorine was detected. Gram negative isolates were 80%, while 20% were Gram positive. Faecal coliforms above the recommended WHO zero coliforms per 100 mL were 30%. Escherichia coli had the highest incidence (17%), followed by Acinetobacter sp. (12%), Enterobacter aerogenes (11%), Flavobacterium sp. (11%), Proteus mirabilis (11%), Staphyloccocus aureus (10%), Bacillus subtilis (8%), Micrococcus sp. (5%), Streptococcus faecalis (2%), Klebsiella sp. (2%) and Vibrio cholerae (1%). There is urgent need for public awareness campaigns against water-borne diseases.展开更多
Accessibility and availability of fresh clean water is a key to sustainable development and essential element in health, food production and poverty reduction. In the present study, we have collected water sachet cont...Accessibility and availability of fresh clean water is a key to sustainable development and essential element in health, food production and poverty reduction. In the present study, we have collected water sachet containing CM/L number and they were analysed for physical and bacteriological nature. The organisms isolated in this study were Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas vesicularis and Pseudomonas aeruginosae. The harmful effects of these isolates were evidenced by antibiotic resistance, heavy metal tolerance and antibacterial activity. They were resistant to the antibiotics like amoxiclav, methicillin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin. They showed tolerance to the heavy metals at 5 mM conc. except for lead. For antibacterial activity, they were tested against human pathogens Klebsiella pnemoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Micrococcus leuteus and Salmonella paratyphium. But at the same time these organisms could be exploited for the industrial production of amylase, protease and cellulase.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the bacteriological safety of sachet water sold in Amassoma,a rural community in Bayelsa State,Nigeria.Methods:Six samples of each of the different sachet drinking water brands were bought at ran...Objective:To evaluate the bacteriological safety of sachet water sold in Amassoma,a rural community in Bayelsa State,Nigeria.Methods:Six samples of each of the different sachet drinking water brands were bought at random from shop shelves,markets and street vendors and were studies for microbial indicators of safety and quality.Bacterial counts Were analyzed by one-way Analysis of Variance（ANOVA） and significance of differences was tested at 5% probability.Results:Minimum and maximum.counts with regard to the sachet water samples investigated were（4.3±1.1）×10<sup>6</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> and（8.2±1.0）×10<sup>6</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> for heterotrophic plate counts;（0.9±0.3）×10<sup>6</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> and（1.2±0.4）×10<sup>6</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> for aerobic spore-former counts; （1.3±0.5）×10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> and（2.5±0.8）×10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> for total coliforms;（1.6±0.9）×10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> and（9.5±11.2）×10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> for thermotolerant coliforms.Klebsiella spp but not Escherichia coli was present in all samples of the brands;non-coliform bacteria detected in some samples were Staphylococcus,Pseudomonas and Bacillus species.Conclusions:The brands of sachet water sold（at the time of this study） in Amassoma did not meet the minimum acceptable standard for microbiologically safe drinking water as recommended by the World Health Organization.展开更多
This study covers some physical, chemical, and bacteriological parameters needed to be tested for drinking water quality. The purpose of the research is to assess and compare the quality of five different brands of sa...This study covers some physical, chemical, and bacteriological parameters needed to be tested for drinking water quality. The purpose of the research is to assess and compare the quality of five different brands of sachet water marketed in Bo city and to give relevant recommendation(s) were possible. The results obtained were compared to the standard set for each parameter by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the maximum contaminant level set by the United State Environment Protection Agency (USEPA). Five brands of sachets water were selected in Bo city and their physical and chemical parameters were evaluated in the Njala University Quality Control Laboratory (NUQCL), and their bacteriological evaluation was done in the Sierra Rutile laboratory. The physical parameters tested for were in accordance with the standards set by the WHO with the exception of the temperatures for each brand which were above the WHO standard. The pH of all the sachets water was in the acidic range, below the standard range and the maximum contaminant level set by the WHO and USEPA respectively. This affected the alkalinity of all the sachets water to be zero (0). None of the sachets water completely met the WHO standard and the USEPA maximum contaminant level for all the parameters tested for in this research. In this regard, none of the sachets water is completely recommended for drinking.展开更多
文摘A severe outbreak of cholera in Ibadan (Oyo state, Nigeria) occurred after a devastating flood in August, 2011, causing the death of over 18 persons and several cases of hospitalization. The project aimed at screening sachet water for mi-croorganisms related to water-borne diseases. One hundred sachet water samples were randomly collected. The pH was determined using a digital pH meter. Values ranged between 6.3 - 8.7, with 28% of the samples being above the WHO approved range of 6.4 - 7.6. No residual chlorine was detected. Gram negative isolates were 80%, while 20% were Gram positive. Faecal coliforms above the recommended WHO zero coliforms per 100 mL were 30%. Escherichia coli had the highest incidence (17%), followed by Acinetobacter sp. (12%), Enterobacter aerogenes (11%), Flavobacterium sp. (11%), Proteus mirabilis (11%), Staphyloccocus aureus (10%), Bacillus subtilis (8%), Micrococcus sp. (5%), Streptococcus faecalis (2%), Klebsiella sp. (2%) and Vibrio cholerae (1%). There is urgent need for public awareness campaigns against water-borne diseases.
文摘Accessibility and availability of fresh clean water is a key to sustainable development and essential element in health, food production and poverty reduction. In the present study, we have collected water sachet containing CM/L number and they were analysed for physical and bacteriological nature. The organisms isolated in this study were Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas vesicularis and Pseudomonas aeruginosae. The harmful effects of these isolates were evidenced by antibiotic resistance, heavy metal tolerance and antibacterial activity. They were resistant to the antibiotics like amoxiclav, methicillin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin. They showed tolerance to the heavy metals at 5 mM conc. except for lead. For antibacterial activity, they were tested against human pathogens Klebsiella pnemoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Micrococcus leuteus and Salmonella paratyphium. But at the same time these organisms could be exploited for the industrial production of amylase, protease and cellulase.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the bacteriological safety of sachet water sold in Amassoma,a rural community in Bayelsa State,Nigeria.Methods:Six samples of each of the different sachet drinking water brands were bought at random from shop shelves,markets and street vendors and were studies for microbial indicators of safety and quality.Bacterial counts Were analyzed by one-way Analysis of Variance（ANOVA） and significance of differences was tested at 5% probability.Results:Minimum and maximum.counts with regard to the sachet water samples investigated were（4.3±1.1）×10<sup>6</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> and（8.2±1.0）×10<sup>6</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> for heterotrophic plate counts;（0.9±0.3）×10<sup>6</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> and（1.2±0.4）×10<sup>6</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> for aerobic spore-former counts; （1.3±0.5）×10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> and（2.5±0.8）×10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> for total coliforms;（1.6±0.9）×10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> and（9.5±11.2）×10<sup>3</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> for thermotolerant coliforms.Klebsiella spp but not Escherichia coli was present in all samples of the brands;non-coliform bacteria detected in some samples were Staphylococcus,Pseudomonas and Bacillus species.Conclusions:The brands of sachet water sold（at the time of this study） in Amassoma did not meet the minimum acceptable standard for microbiologically safe drinking water as recommended by the World Health Organization.
文摘This study covers some physical, chemical, and bacteriological parameters needed to be tested for drinking water quality. The purpose of the research is to assess and compare the quality of five different brands of sachet water marketed in Bo city and to give relevant recommendation(s) were possible. The results obtained were compared to the standard set for each parameter by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the maximum contaminant level set by the United State Environment Protection Agency (USEPA). Five brands of sachets water were selected in Bo city and their physical and chemical parameters were evaluated in the Njala University Quality Control Laboratory (NUQCL), and their bacteriological evaluation was done in the Sierra Rutile laboratory. The physical parameters tested for were in accordance with the standards set by the WHO with the exception of the temperatures for each brand which were above the WHO standard. The pH of all the sachets water was in the acidic range, below the standard range and the maximum contaminant level set by the WHO and USEPA respectively. This affected the alkalinity of all the sachets water to be zero (0). None of the sachets water completely met the WHO standard and the USEPA maximum contaminant level for all the parameters tested for in this research. In this regard, none of the sachets water is completely recommended for drinking.
