Apple replant disease(ARD) is a frequently occurring plant disease in replanted orchards around Bohai Gulf, which causes growth inhibition and even death of plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiolog...Apple replant disease(ARD) is a frequently occurring plant disease in replanted orchards around Bohai Gulf, which causes growth inhibition and even death of plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of ARD around Bohai Gulf. In this study, the primary growth inhibition of apple seedlings was evaluated in ten replanted soils, sampled around Bohai Gulf. A fungal clone library was used to identify changes in the structure and composition of the soil fungal community. The results revealed that the Simpson diversity indices of Laizhou and Pulandian orchards were higher than others, presenting severe ARD. Ascomycota dominated around Bohai Gulf at the phyla level. Fusarium and Saccharomyces were abundant in all replanted soils. In addition, correlations between the relative abundance of fungal genera in soils and the severity of ARD were analyzed. The results showed that Fusarium was correlated positively with the severity of ARD, but Mortierella was negatively correlated. Furthermore, the quantitative PCR of Fusarium oxysporum, which was regarded as a factor of ARD, was performed. Overall, this study demonstrated that ARD was strongly associated with an unbalanced microbial ecosystem with more pathogenic fungi, while Fusarium in the apple replanted soil was the key factor for ARD around Bohai Gulf.展开更多
Soil fungi play a very important role in the soil ecological environment. In agricultural production, long-term monoculture and continuous cropping lead to changes in fungal community diversity. However, the effects o...Soil fungi play a very important role in the soil ecological environment. In agricultural production, long-term monoculture and continuous cropping lead to changes in fungal community diversity. However, the effects of long-term monoculture and continuous cropping on strawberry plant health and fungal community diversity have not been elucidated. In this study, using high-throughput sequencing(HTS), we compared the fungal community and diversity of strawberry rhizosphere soil after various durations of continuous cropping(0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years). The results showed that soil fungal diversity increased with consecutive cropping years. Specifically, the soil-borne disease pathogens Fusarium and Guehomyces were significantly increased after strawberry continuous cropping, and the abundance of nematicidal(Arthrobotrys) fungi decreased from the fourth year of continuous cropping. The results of correlation analysis suggest that these three genera might be key fungi that contribute to the changes in soil properties that occur during continuous cropping. In addition, physicochemical property analysis showed that the soil nutrient content began to decline after the fourth year of continuous cropping. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that soil pH, available potassium(AK) and ammonium nitrogen(NH_4^+-N) were the most important edaphic factors leading to contrasting beneficial and pathogenic associations across consecutive strawberry cropping systems.展开更多
【目的】老果园栽植新树苗时遇到幼苗生长不良等连作问题越来越突出,因此对苹果连作障碍的研究尤为必要。旨在筛选出高效、低毒的化学杀菌剂,通过药剂混土的方式缓解果树连作障碍问题。【方法】通过大田试验,研究多菌灵(10 g a.i/10 kg...【目的】老果园栽植新树苗时遇到幼苗生长不良等连作问题越来越突出,因此对苹果连作障碍的研究尤为必要。旨在筛选出高效、低毒的化学杀菌剂,通过药剂混土的方式缓解果树连作障碍问题。【方法】通过大田试验,研究多菌灵(10 g a.i/10 kg土)、福美双(10 g a.i/10 kg土)、咯菌腈(2.5 g a.i/10 kg土)连续2年施药和施药1年对苹果连作土壤镰刀菌数量、土壤酶活性的动态影响。【结果】咯菌腈连续2年施药的抑菌效果最好,对土壤镰刀菌抑制率最高达66.4%。咯菌腈施药1年抑菌率最高为44.4%;土壤酶活性测定结果表明:3种药剂对4种土壤酶活性影响差异较大,福美双连续2年施药对土壤中性磷酸酶激活作用明显,激活率为66.2%。咯菌腈连续2年施药对土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶表现出较好的激活作用,激活率分别为39.1%和79.5%。3种杀菌剂对土壤脲酶的影响几乎一致。连续施药是否能提高土壤酶活性针对不同的药剂有不同结果。杀菌剂连续2年施药能显著增加果树生物量。【结论】杀菌剂可以有效抑制土壤镰刀菌的生长,减轻苹果连作障碍问题。展开更多
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the National Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS–27)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501720 and 31672104)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0201114)the Fruit innovation team in Shandong Province,China(SDAIT-06-07)Agricultural Major Application Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Provincethe joint project of the Shandong Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2014CL024)
文摘Apple replant disease(ARD) is a frequently occurring plant disease in replanted orchards around Bohai Gulf, which causes growth inhibition and even death of plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of ARD around Bohai Gulf. In this study, the primary growth inhibition of apple seedlings was evaluated in ten replanted soils, sampled around Bohai Gulf. A fungal clone library was used to identify changes in the structure and composition of the soil fungal community. The results revealed that the Simpson diversity indices of Laizhou and Pulandian orchards were higher than others, presenting severe ARD. Ascomycota dominated around Bohai Gulf at the phyla level. Fusarium and Saccharomyces were abundant in all replanted soils. In addition, correlations between the relative abundance of fungal genera in soils and the severity of ARD were analyzed. The results showed that Fusarium was correlated positively with the severity of ARD, but Mortierella was negatively correlated. Furthermore, the quantitative PCR of Fusarium oxysporum, which was regarded as a factor of ARD, was performed. Overall, this study demonstrated that ARD was strongly associated with an unbalanced microbial ecosystem with more pathogenic fungi, while Fusarium in the apple replanted soil was the key factor for ARD around Bohai Gulf.
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (2014BAD16B07)
文摘Soil fungi play a very important role in the soil ecological environment. In agricultural production, long-term monoculture and continuous cropping lead to changes in fungal community diversity. However, the effects of long-term monoculture and continuous cropping on strawberry plant health and fungal community diversity have not been elucidated. In this study, using high-throughput sequencing(HTS), we compared the fungal community and diversity of strawberry rhizosphere soil after various durations of continuous cropping(0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 years). The results showed that soil fungal diversity increased with consecutive cropping years. Specifically, the soil-borne disease pathogens Fusarium and Guehomyces were significantly increased after strawberry continuous cropping, and the abundance of nematicidal(Arthrobotrys) fungi decreased from the fourth year of continuous cropping. The results of correlation analysis suggest that these three genera might be key fungi that contribute to the changes in soil properties that occur during continuous cropping. In addition, physicochemical property analysis showed that the soil nutrient content began to decline after the fourth year of continuous cropping. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that soil pH, available potassium(AK) and ammonium nitrogen(NH_4^+-N) were the most important edaphic factors leading to contrasting beneficial and pathogenic associations across consecutive strawberry cropping systems.
文摘【目的】老果园栽植新树苗时遇到幼苗生长不良等连作问题越来越突出,因此对苹果连作障碍的研究尤为必要。旨在筛选出高效、低毒的化学杀菌剂,通过药剂混土的方式缓解果树连作障碍问题。【方法】通过大田试验,研究多菌灵(10 g a.i/10 kg土)、福美双(10 g a.i/10 kg土)、咯菌腈(2.5 g a.i/10 kg土)连续2年施药和施药1年对苹果连作土壤镰刀菌数量、土壤酶活性的动态影响。【结果】咯菌腈连续2年施药的抑菌效果最好,对土壤镰刀菌抑制率最高达66.4%。咯菌腈施药1年抑菌率最高为44.4%;土壤酶活性测定结果表明:3种药剂对4种土壤酶活性影响差异较大,福美双连续2年施药对土壤中性磷酸酶激活作用明显,激活率为66.2%。咯菌腈连续2年施药对土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶表现出较好的激活作用,激活率分别为39.1%和79.5%。3种杀菌剂对土壤脲酶的影响几乎一致。连续施药是否能提高土壤酶活性针对不同的药剂有不同结果。杀菌剂连续2年施药能显著增加果树生物量。【结论】杀菌剂可以有效抑制土壤镰刀菌的生长,减轻苹果连作障碍问题。
