摘要
【目的】老果园栽植新树苗时遇到幼苗生长不良等连作问题越来越突出,因此对苹果连作障碍的研究尤为必要。旨在筛选出高效、低毒的化学杀菌剂,通过药剂混土的方式缓解果树连作障碍问题。【方法】通过大田试验,研究多菌灵(10 g a.i/10 kg土)、福美双(10 g a.i/10 kg土)、咯菌腈(2.5 g a.i/10 kg土)连续2年施药和施药1年对苹果连作土壤镰刀菌数量、土壤酶活性的动态影响。【结果】咯菌腈连续2年施药的抑菌效果最好,对土壤镰刀菌抑制率最高达66.4%。咯菌腈施药1年抑菌率最高为44.4%;土壤酶活性测定结果表明:3种药剂对4种土壤酶活性影响差异较大,福美双连续2年施药对土壤中性磷酸酶激活作用明显,激活率为66.2%。咯菌腈连续2年施药对土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶表现出较好的激活作用,激活率分别为39.1%和79.5%。3种杀菌剂对土壤脲酶的影响几乎一致。连续施药是否能提高土壤酶活性针对不同的药剂有不同结果。杀菌剂连续2年施药能显著增加果树生物量。【结论】杀菌剂可以有效抑制土壤镰刀菌的生长,减轻苹果连作障碍问题。
[Objective ]The apple trees grown poor when planted in old orchard, which was becoming more and more serious, so the research on replanted obstacles of apples was necessary. This test was aimed to screen out chemical fungicides with high efficiency, low toxicity which mixed with soil as a way to ease successive cropping obstacles of apples. [MethodlA plot experiment was carried out to explore carbendaz- im 10 g a.i/10 kg soil, thiram 10 g a.i/10 kg soil, fludioxonil 2.5 g a.i/10 kg soil which successively sprayed 2 years and sprayed only in the first year respectively in a replanted apple orchard by testing the soil Fusarium population and enzyme activity. [Result]The results showed that , for antibacterial effects, fludioxonil which was successively sprayed two years worked best , which could reduce the Fusarium pop- ulation in the soil by 66.4%. And fludioxonil which was sprayed once could reduce the population in the soil by 44.4%. Three fungicides had different effects on four soil enzymes. Thiram by continuous spraying was the best for neutral phosphatase whichwas enhanced by 66.2%. in replanted soil Fludioxonil by con- tinuous spraying was the best for catalase and sucrase which was enhanced by 39.1% and 79.5%. The ef- fect on soil urease activity by the four fungicides was almost unanimous. Fungicides sprayed for 2 years in a row could significantly increase fruit biomass. [Conclusion]Fungicides could effectively inhibit the growth of soil Fusarium and reduce replant problem.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期276-281,共6页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金CARS-28
山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题
关键词
苹果园
杀菌剂
连续施药
土壤镰刀菌
土壤酶
连作
Apple orchard
Fungicides
Successive spraying
Fusarium
Soil enzymes
Replanted
