Background Patients with schizophrenia have prominent abnormality in information processing that can be observed by measures of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reflex and PPI deficits have been conside...Background Patients with schizophrenia have prominent abnormality in information processing that can be observed by measures of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reflex and PPI deficits have been considered as a candidate endophenotypic marker of schizophrenia. However, there has been little information on PPI and related measures in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. The research was to explore the deficits of acoustic startle reflex that might exist in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Methods Startle response to acoustic stimuli, habituation, and PPI were examined in 31 Chinese patients with first-episode, medication-naive schizophrenia and 30 age-and sex-matched healthy Chinese controls. At the same day of startle testing, psychopathological symptoms of the patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results Compared with healthy controls, patients exhibited the significant reduction in startle response and PPI deficits at 60 milliseconds (ms) intervals (PP160, P 〈0.05) but not at 30 or 120 ms intervals. Furthermore, there was a relatively strong correlation between PPI60 (P 〈0.05) and scores of positive scale of PANSS in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion Our findings confirmed impaired PPI in Chinese patients with schizophrenia and suggested that a relationship between sensorimotor gating deficits and clinical symptoms of patients with schizophrenia might exist.展开更多
目的本研究以健康人群和慢性精神分裂症病人为研究对象,初步探索两者前脉冲抑制(prepulse inhibition,PPI)的影响因素。方法对50名健康成人(健康组)和75名精神分裂症病人(病人组)进行了PPI测试和认知测试。认知测试采用重复神经心理测...目的本研究以健康人群和慢性精神分裂症病人为研究对象,初步探索两者前脉冲抑制(prepulse inhibition,PPI)的影响因素。方法对50名健康成人(健康组)和75名精神分裂症病人(病人组)进行了PPI测试和认知测试。认知测试采用重复神经心理测查系统(Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status,RBANS)和Stroop色词测验,并用阳性和阴性症状量表(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale,PANSS)评定病人精神症状。结果 1)与健康组相比,病人组PPI抑制率降低(9.4%±29.3%vs 31.7%±26.2%,P<0.001);病人组RBANS总分及其5因子分数、Stroop颜色和词语干扰时间[(370.0±48.5),(55.5±15.5),(79.7±15.8),(77.9±12.3),(91.8±12.2),(65.3±18.3),(7.6±6.9)s,(24.5±12.9)s]与健康组的差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。2)健康人群PPI的影响因素分析:单因素分析显示,健康组性别(P<0.05)、吸烟量(r=0.29,P<0.05)、RBANS总分(r=0.30,P<0.05)、注意因子得分(r=0.29,P<0.05)对PPI抑制率的影响具有统计学意义;多因素岭回归分析显示,健康组岭参数k=2.95模型稳定,R^2=0.33,PPI抑制率受到性别、吸烟量、RBANS总分、注意因子分的影响(P<0.05)。3)慢性精神分裂症病人PPI的影响因素分析:单因素分析显示,病人组吸烟量(r=0.23,P<0.05)、复发次数(>3次vs≤3次,P<0.05)对PPI抑制率的影响差异具有统计学意义;多因素岭回归分析显示,病人组岭参数k=2.58模型稳定,R^2=0.26,PPI抑制率受到性别、吸烟量和复发次数的影响(P<0.05)。结论 PPI抑制率是反映感觉门控功能的指标,健康人群和慢性精神分裂症病人PPI的影响因素不尽相同。女性、吸烟可能是精神分裂症病人感觉门控的保护性因素,而发病次数过多可能对精神分裂症病人感觉门控功能有损害。展开更多
Establishment of animal models of schizophrenia is critical for both understanding the mechanisms underlying this severe mental disease and developing new antipsychotics. This paper starts from the theoretical root of...Establishment of animal models of schizophrenia is critical for both understanding the mechanisms underlying this severe mental disease and developing new antipsychotics. This paper starts from the theoretical root of sensory gating, the 損rotection-of-processing?theory, then thoroughly describes the representative studies over the past decade on the mechanism underlying prepulse inhibition and on those underlying modulation of prepulse inhibition, which is the normal startle suppression caused by the weak stimulus preceding the intense startling stimulus. The main methods for inducing prepulse inhibition deficits in experimental animals include: ⅰ) modulations of neuro- transmission that are closely associated with schizophrenia; ⅱ) focal lesions or pharmacological manipulations of brain structures in the cortico-striato-pallido-pontine circuit; and ⅲ) maternal deprivation or social isolation. Six essential topics for studies in modeling schizophrenia are suggested at the last part of this review.展开更多
The reward-related effects of addictive drugs primarily act via the dopamine system, which also plays an important role in sensorimotor gating. The mesolimbic dopamine system is the common pathway of drug addiction an...The reward-related effects of addictive drugs primarily act via the dopamine system, which also plays an important role in sensorimotor gating. The mesolimbic dopamine system is the common pathway of drug addiction and sensorimotor gating. However, the way in which addictive drugs affect sensorimotor gating is currently unclear. In previous studies, we examined the effects of morphine treatment on sensory gating in the hippocampus. The present study investigated the effects of morphine on sensorimotor gating in rats during chronic morphine treatment and withdrawal. Rats were examined during treatment with morphine for 10 successive days, followed by a withdrawal period. Acoustic startle responses to a single startle stimulus (115 dB SPL) and prepulse inhibition responses were recorded. The results showed that acoustic startle responses were attenuated during morphine treatment, but not during withdrawal. PPI was impaired in the last 2 morphine treatment days, but returned to a normal level during withdrawal.展开更多
Gap induced pie-pulse inhibition(Gap-PPI) of acoustic startle reflex has been used as a measurement of tinnitus in animal models.However,whether this test is sensitive to detect tinnitus in humans is still unclear.Bas...Gap induced pie-pulse inhibition(Gap-PPI) of acoustic startle reflex has been used as a measurement of tinnitus in animal models.However,whether this test is sensitive to detect tinnitus in humans is still unclear.Based on the testing procedure used in animal studies,a human subject testing method was formulated and conducted to investigate if a similar result could be found in tinnitus patients.Audiologic and tinnitus assessments and acoustic startle reflex measurements were performed on seven tinnitus subjects and nine age matched subjects without tinnitus.There was no significant difference found between the control and tinnitus group on the Gap-PPl across the frequencies evaluated.The amplitude of the startle response in the tinnitus group with normal hearing thresholds was significantly higher than the control group and those with tinnitus and hearing loss.This preliminary result suggests that hyperexcitability in the central auditory system may be involved in tinnitus.There was no correlation between hearing thresholds and the increased amplitude of startle response.展开更多
Prepulse inhibition(PPI) refers to a decreased response to a startling stimulus when another weaker stimulus precedes it. Most PPI studies have focused on the physiological startle reflex and fewer have reported the P...Prepulse inhibition(PPI) refers to a decreased response to a startling stimulus when another weaker stimulus precedes it. Most PPI studies have focused on the physiological startle reflex and fewer have reported the PPI of cortical responses. We recorded local field potentials(LFPs) in four monkeys and investigated whether the PPI of auditory cortical responses(alpha, beta, and gamma oscillations and evoked potentials) can be demonstrated in the caudolateral belt of the superior temporal gyrus(STGcb). We also investigated whether the presence of a conspecific, which draws attention away from the auditory stimuli, affects the PPI of auditory cortical responses. The PPI paradigm consisted of Pulse-only and Prepulse + Pulse trials that were presented randomly while the monkey was alone(ALONE) and while another monkey was present in the same room(ACCOMP). The LFPs to the Pulse were significantly suppressed by the Prepulse thus, demonstrating PPI of cortical responses in the STGcb. The PPI-related inhibition of the N1 amplitude of the evoked responses and cortical oscillations to the Pulse were not affected by the presence of a conspecific. In contrast, gamma oscillations and the amplitude of the N1 response to Pulse-only were suppressed in the ACCOMP condition compared to the ALONE condition. Thesefindings demonstrate PPI in the monkey STGcb and suggest that the PPI of auditory cortical responses in the monkey STGcb is a pre-attentive inhibitory process that is independent of attentional modulation.展开更多
基金The research was partly completed when WANG Zhi-ren was in Institute of Mental Health of Peking University as a Ph.D candiadate, now he works in Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital. This work was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program: 2007BC512307), the Capital Medical Development Fund (2009-3148), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81000579) and the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (No. D0906001040191).
文摘Background Patients with schizophrenia have prominent abnormality in information processing that can be observed by measures of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reflex and PPI deficits have been considered as a candidate endophenotypic marker of schizophrenia. However, there has been little information on PPI and related measures in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. The research was to explore the deficits of acoustic startle reflex that might exist in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Methods Startle response to acoustic stimuli, habituation, and PPI were examined in 31 Chinese patients with first-episode, medication-naive schizophrenia and 30 age-and sex-matched healthy Chinese controls. At the same day of startle testing, psychopathological symptoms of the patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results Compared with healthy controls, patients exhibited the significant reduction in startle response and PPI deficits at 60 milliseconds (ms) intervals (PP160, P 〈0.05) but not at 30 or 120 ms intervals. Furthermore, there was a relatively strong correlation between PPI60 (P 〈0.05) and scores of positive scale of PANSS in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion Our findings confirmed impaired PPI in Chinese patients with schizophrenia and suggested that a relationship between sensorimotor gating deficits and clinical symptoms of patients with schizophrenia might exist.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30950030)the National Basic Research Development Program(973Program)of China(No.2009CB320901)+1 种基金the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(No.20090001110050)“985”grants from Peking University for Physiological Psychology
文摘目的本研究以健康人群和慢性精神分裂症病人为研究对象,初步探索两者前脉冲抑制(prepulse inhibition,PPI)的影响因素。方法对50名健康成人(健康组)和75名精神分裂症病人(病人组)进行了PPI测试和认知测试。认知测试采用重复神经心理测查系统(Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status,RBANS)和Stroop色词测验,并用阳性和阴性症状量表(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale,PANSS)评定病人精神症状。结果 1)与健康组相比,病人组PPI抑制率降低(9.4%±29.3%vs 31.7%±26.2%,P<0.001);病人组RBANS总分及其5因子分数、Stroop颜色和词语干扰时间[(370.0±48.5),(55.5±15.5),(79.7±15.8),(77.9±12.3),(91.8±12.2),(65.3±18.3),(7.6±6.9)s,(24.5±12.9)s]与健康组的差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。2)健康人群PPI的影响因素分析:单因素分析显示,健康组性别(P<0.05)、吸烟量(r=0.29,P<0.05)、RBANS总分(r=0.30,P<0.05)、注意因子得分(r=0.29,P<0.05)对PPI抑制率的影响具有统计学意义;多因素岭回归分析显示,健康组岭参数k=2.95模型稳定,R^2=0.33,PPI抑制率受到性别、吸烟量、RBANS总分、注意因子分的影响(P<0.05)。3)慢性精神分裂症病人PPI的影响因素分析:单因素分析显示,病人组吸烟量(r=0.23,P<0.05)、复发次数(>3次vs≤3次,P<0.05)对PPI抑制率的影响差异具有统计学意义;多因素岭回归分析显示,病人组岭参数k=2.58模型稳定,R^2=0.26,PPI抑制率受到性别、吸烟量和复发次数的影响(P<0.05)。结论 PPI抑制率是反映感觉门控功能的指标,健康人群和慢性精神分裂症病人PPI的影响因素不尽相同。女性、吸烟可能是精神分裂症病人感觉门控的保护性因素,而发病次数过多可能对精神分裂症病人感觉门控功能有损害。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.30200080)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2002CCA01000)the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.02170).
文摘Establishment of animal models of schizophrenia is critical for both understanding the mechanisms underlying this severe mental disease and developing new antipsychotics. This paper starts from the theoretical root of sensory gating, the 損rotection-of-processing?theory, then thoroughly describes the representative studies over the past decade on the mechanism underlying prepulse inhibition and on those underlying modulation of prepulse inhibition, which is the normal startle suppression caused by the weak stimulus preceding the intense startling stimulus. The main methods for inducing prepulse inhibition deficits in experimental animals include: ⅰ) modulations of neuro- transmission that are closely associated with schizophrenia; ⅱ) focal lesions or pharmacological manipulations of brain structures in the cortico-striato-pallido-pontine circuit; and ⅲ) maternal deprivation or social isolation. Six essential topics for studies in modeling schizophrenia are suggested at the last part of this review.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.30470553, 30770700 and 30530270)National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. O7013810)+1 种基金Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2005CB522803 and 2007CB947703)Yunnan Science and Technology Program (Grant No.2006PT08-2)
文摘The reward-related effects of addictive drugs primarily act via the dopamine system, which also plays an important role in sensorimotor gating. The mesolimbic dopamine system is the common pathway of drug addiction and sensorimotor gating. However, the way in which addictive drugs affect sensorimotor gating is currently unclear. In previous studies, we examined the effects of morphine treatment on sensory gating in the hippocampus. The present study investigated the effects of morphine on sensorimotor gating in rats during chronic morphine treatment and withdrawal. Rats were examined during treatment with morphine for 10 successive days, followed by a withdrawal period. Acoustic startle responses to a single startle stimulus (115 dB SPL) and prepulse inhibition responses were recorded. The results showed that acoustic startle responses were attenuated during morphine treatment, but not during withdrawal. PPI was impaired in the last 2 morphine treatment days, but returned to a normal level during withdrawal.
文摘Gap induced pie-pulse inhibition(Gap-PPI) of acoustic startle reflex has been used as a measurement of tinnitus in animal models.However,whether this test is sensitive to detect tinnitus in humans is still unclear.Based on the testing procedure used in animal studies,a human subject testing method was formulated and conducted to investigate if a similar result could be found in tinnitus patients.Audiologic and tinnitus assessments and acoustic startle reflex measurements were performed on seven tinnitus subjects and nine age matched subjects without tinnitus.There was no significant difference found between the control and tinnitus group on the Gap-PPl across the frequencies evaluated.The amplitude of the startle response in the tinnitus group with normal hearing thresholds was significantly higher than the control group and those with tinnitus and hearing loss.This preliminary result suggests that hyperexcitability in the central auditory system may be involved in tinnitus.There was no correlation between hearing thresholds and the increased amplitude of startle response.
基金supported by the aivo AALTO Project of Aalto Universitythe Academy of Finland(a grant No.P273147,a Project No.T31116,and the International Program/ChinaFinland 2014-2016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271168)
文摘Prepulse inhibition(PPI) refers to a decreased response to a startling stimulus when another weaker stimulus precedes it. Most PPI studies have focused on the physiological startle reflex and fewer have reported the PPI of cortical responses. We recorded local field potentials(LFPs) in four monkeys and investigated whether the PPI of auditory cortical responses(alpha, beta, and gamma oscillations and evoked potentials) can be demonstrated in the caudolateral belt of the superior temporal gyrus(STGcb). We also investigated whether the presence of a conspecific, which draws attention away from the auditory stimuli, affects the PPI of auditory cortical responses. The PPI paradigm consisted of Pulse-only and Prepulse + Pulse trials that were presented randomly while the monkey was alone(ALONE) and while another monkey was present in the same room(ACCOMP). The LFPs to the Pulse were significantly suppressed by the Prepulse thus, demonstrating PPI of cortical responses in the STGcb. The PPI-related inhibition of the N1 amplitude of the evoked responses and cortical oscillations to the Pulse were not affected by the presence of a conspecific. In contrast, gamma oscillations and the amplitude of the N1 response to Pulse-only were suppressed in the ACCOMP condition compared to the ALONE condition. Thesefindings demonstrate PPI in the monkey STGcb and suggest that the PPI of auditory cortical responses in the monkey STGcb is a pre-attentive inhibitory process that is independent of attentional modulation.