二次电子发射模型的精度对精确预测空间大功率微波部件微放电阈值有很大影响。针对现有二次电子发射唯象模型的不足,采用分段函数的思想建立了一种计算金属材料二次电子发射系数(secondary electron yield,SEY)的复合半经验模型。该模型...二次电子发射模型的精度对精确预测空间大功率微波部件微放电阈值有很大影响。针对现有二次电子发射唯象模型的不足,采用分段函数的思想建立了一种计算金属材料二次电子发射系数(secondary electron yield,SEY)的复合半经验模型。该模型以Vaughan模型计算入射能量Ep<Epm(二次电子发射系数最大值所对应的入射电子能量)时材料的二次电子发射系数,以文中建立的半经验模型计算入射能量Ep≥Epm时材料的二次电子发射系数,并利用钼和银两种材料二次电子发射系数的测试结果对复合半经验模型进行了验证。模拟结果表明,复合半经验模型能够对溅射清洗前后及不同入射极角条件下的SEY进行精确表征,相对误差的平均值和均方差明显低于Vaughan模型和半经验模型,且在不同入射极角条件下该模型具有较好的稳定性,在很大程度上提高了二次电子发射模型与实验数据拟合的准确性。该模型有望应用于空间大功率微波部件的微放电功率阈值的模拟。展开更多
Based on the mechanism of metal solid-liquid phase change and the theory of liquid metal's micro-inhomogeneity,a physical model is established between latent heats of fusion and vaporization and the numbers of res...Based on the mechanism of metal solid-liquid phase change and the theory of liquid metal's micro-inhomogeneity,a physical model is established between latent heats of fusion and vaporization and the numbers of residual bonds and short-range ordered atoms at the melting point inside a metal melt.Meanwhile,the mathematical derivation and proof are also offered.This model produces the numbers of residual bonds and short-range ordered atoms after the solid-liquid phase change only by using basic parameters and thermophysical properties of the crystal structure.Therefore,it presents a more effective way to analyze the melt's structural information.By using this model,this study calculates the numbers of residual bonds and short-range ordered atoms in Al and Ni melts.The calculated results are consistent with the experimental results.Simultaneously,this study discusses the atomic number's influence on the numbers of residual bonds and short-range ordered atoms in the melts within the first(ⅠA) and second main group(ⅡA) elements.展开更多
Lime concrete and lime treatment are two attractive techniques for geotechnical engineers.However,researches have rarely been carried out to study the effects of moisture and capillary action due to increasing groundw...Lime concrete and lime treatment are two attractive techniques for geotechnical engineers.However,researches have rarely been carried out to study the effects of moisture and capillary action due to increasing groundwater level on geotechnical properties of lime concrete.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of curing time and degree of saturation on some of geotechnical properties of lime concrete such as unconfined compressive strength(UCS),secant modulus(ES),failure strain,brittleness index(IB),and deformability index(ID) using unconfined compression tests.First of all,geotechnical and chemical properties of used materials were determined.After curing times of 14 d,28 d,45 d,and 60 d in laboratory condition,the specimens were exposed to saturation levels ranging from 0 to 100%.The results showed that the moisture and curing time have significant effects on the properties of lime concrete.Based on the results of scanning electron micrograph(SEM) test,it was observed that the specimen was characterized by a rather well-structured matrix since both the filling of a large proportion of the coarse-grained soil voids by clay and the pozzolanic activity of lime led to retaining less pore water in the specimen,increasing the UCS and ES,and consequently resisting against swelling and shrinkage of the clay soil.Moreover,due to the pozzolanic reactions and reduction of water,by increasing the curing time and decreasing the degrees of saturation,UCS,ES,and IBincreased,and IDdecreased.Based on the experimental results,a phenomenological model was used to develop equations for predicting the properties in relation to the ratio of degree of saturation/curing time.The results showed that there was a good correlation(almost R2> 90%) between the measured parameters and the estimated ones given by the predicted equations.展开更多
文摘二次电子发射模型的精度对精确预测空间大功率微波部件微放电阈值有很大影响。针对现有二次电子发射唯象模型的不足,采用分段函数的思想建立了一种计算金属材料二次电子发射系数(secondary electron yield,SEY)的复合半经验模型。该模型以Vaughan模型计算入射能量Ep<Epm(二次电子发射系数最大值所对应的入射电子能量)时材料的二次电子发射系数,以文中建立的半经验模型计算入射能量Ep≥Epm时材料的二次电子发射系数,并利用钼和银两种材料二次电子发射系数的测试结果对复合半经验模型进行了验证。模拟结果表明,复合半经验模型能够对溅射清洗前后及不同入射极角条件下的SEY进行精确表征,相对误差的平均值和均方差明显低于Vaughan模型和半经验模型,且在不同入射极角条件下该模型具有较好的稳定性,在很大程度上提高了二次电子发射模型与实验数据拟合的准确性。该模型有望应用于空间大功率微波部件的微放电功率阈值的模拟。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No 2007CB613702)International Cooperation Program in Science and Technology (Grant No 2007DFC50090)
文摘Based on the mechanism of metal solid-liquid phase change and the theory of liquid metal's micro-inhomogeneity,a physical model is established between latent heats of fusion and vaporization and the numbers of residual bonds and short-range ordered atoms at the melting point inside a metal melt.Meanwhile,the mathematical derivation and proof are also offered.This model produces the numbers of residual bonds and short-range ordered atoms after the solid-liquid phase change only by using basic parameters and thermophysical properties of the crystal structure.Therefore,it presents a more effective way to analyze the melt's structural information.By using this model,this study calculates the numbers of residual bonds and short-range ordered atoms in Al and Ni melts.The calculated results are consistent with the experimental results.Simultaneously,this study discusses the atomic number's influence on the numbers of residual bonds and short-range ordered atoms in the melts within the first(ⅠA) and second main group(ⅡA) elements.
基金supported by the laboratory of soil mechanics of Abadgaran Negin Jonoobshargh Company
文摘Lime concrete and lime treatment are two attractive techniques for geotechnical engineers.However,researches have rarely been carried out to study the effects of moisture and capillary action due to increasing groundwater level on geotechnical properties of lime concrete.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of curing time and degree of saturation on some of geotechnical properties of lime concrete such as unconfined compressive strength(UCS),secant modulus(ES),failure strain,brittleness index(IB),and deformability index(ID) using unconfined compression tests.First of all,geotechnical and chemical properties of used materials were determined.After curing times of 14 d,28 d,45 d,and 60 d in laboratory condition,the specimens were exposed to saturation levels ranging from 0 to 100%.The results showed that the moisture and curing time have significant effects on the properties of lime concrete.Based on the results of scanning electron micrograph(SEM) test,it was observed that the specimen was characterized by a rather well-structured matrix since both the filling of a large proportion of the coarse-grained soil voids by clay and the pozzolanic activity of lime led to retaining less pore water in the specimen,increasing the UCS and ES,and consequently resisting against swelling and shrinkage of the clay soil.Moreover,due to the pozzolanic reactions and reduction of water,by increasing the curing time and decreasing the degrees of saturation,UCS,ES,and IBincreased,and IDdecreased.Based on the experimental results,a phenomenological model was used to develop equations for predicting the properties in relation to the ratio of degree of saturation/curing time.The results showed that there was a good correlation(almost R2> 90%) between the measured parameters and the estimated ones given by the predicted equations.
