On the basis of information from the project ＂Land-surface Processes and their Experimental Study on the Chinese Loess Plateau＂, we analyzed differences in land-surface water and heat processes during the main dry a...On the basis of information from the project ＂Land-surface Processes and their Experimental Study on the Chinese Loess Plateau＂, we analyzed differences in land-surface water and heat processes during the main dry and wet periods of the semiarid grassland growing season in Yuzhong County, as well as the influences of these environmental factors. Studies have shown that there are significant differences in changes of land-surface temperature and humidity during dry and wet periods. Daily average normalized temperature has an overall vertical distribution of ＂forward tilting＂ and ＂backward tilting＂ during dry and wet periods, respectively. During the dry period, shallow soil above 20-cm depth is the active temperature layer. The heat transfer rate in soil is obviously different during dry and wet periods. During the dry period, the ratio of sensible heat flux to net radiation （H/Rn） and the value of latent heat flux to net radiation （LE/Rn） have a linear relationship with 5-cm soil temperature; during the wet period, these have a nonlinear relationship with 5-cm soil temperature, and soil temperature of 16℃ is the critical temperature for changes in the land-surface water and heat exchange trend on a daily scale. During the dry period, H/Rn and LE/Rn have a linear relationship with soil water content. During the wet period, these have a nonlinear relationship with 5-cm soil water content, and 0.21 m^3 m^-3 is the critical point for changes in the land-surface water and heat exchange trend at daily scale. During the dry period, for vapor pressure deficit less than 0.7 kPa, H/Rn rises with increased vapor pressure deficit, whereas LEIRn decreases with that increase. When that deficit is greater than 0.7 kPa, both H/Rn and LE/Rn tend to be constant. During the wet period, H/Rn increases with the vapor pressure deficit, whereas LE/Rn decreases. The above characteristics directly reflect the effect of differences in land-surface environmental factors during land-surface water and heat exchange proc展开更多
目的总结先天性胆道梗阻患儿肝移植围手术期血浆置换护理经验。方法回顾性分析我院2015年1月-2016年12月移植监护室收治的10例6月龄一4岁患儿的临床资料,于肝移植术前及术后行床旁血浆置换治疗,共40次。治疗前对患儿体质量进行精确测量...目的总结先天性胆道梗阻患儿肝移植围手术期血浆置换护理经验。方法回顾性分析我院2015年1月-2016年12月移植监护室收治的10例6月龄一4岁患儿的临床资料,于肝移植术前及术后行床旁血浆置换治疗,共40次。治疗前对患儿体质量进行精确测量;根据体质量与体表面积换算公式体表面积(m2)=体质量(kg)*0.035+0.1[1];分别选用膜面积为0.2 m2,血室容积为25 m L,最高使用TMP为8 kpa(60 mm Hg),采用γ射线灭菌的血浆分离器对应患儿体表面积进行治疗;确保深静脉置管管路通畅,血流量达标;治疗过程中密切监护患儿生命体征及时调整治疗剂量及流速,积极预防并发症。结果治疗期间有2例患儿脸部出现皮疹及骚痒症状,给予暂停治疗,考虑过敏反应遵医嘱追加抗过敏制剂地塞米松3 mg加盐水3 m L缓慢静脉注射处理,10 min后患儿症状缓解,继续治疗。1例治疗前管路抽吸通畅,上机时患者躁动,管路位置欠佳致血流速未达标,为防止体外凝血给予即刻还血暂停治疗,二次置管,置管后上机治疗,其余均顺利完成治疗。结论床旁血浆置换治疗作为暂时改善机体状态的措施,为患儿肝脏移植手术争取宝贵时间,改善术前条件及肝脏移植术后无功能期作为辅助治疗。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB430206,2012CB955304)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41075008,40830957,41275118)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Special Foundation(Grant No.2013T60901)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.20110490854)the Ten Talents Program of Gansu Meteorology Bureau
文摘On the basis of information from the project ＂Land-surface Processes and their Experimental Study on the Chinese Loess Plateau＂, we analyzed differences in land-surface water and heat processes during the main dry and wet periods of the semiarid grassland growing season in Yuzhong County, as well as the influences of these environmental factors. Studies have shown that there are significant differences in changes of land-surface temperature and humidity during dry and wet periods. Daily average normalized temperature has an overall vertical distribution of ＂forward tilting＂ and ＂backward tilting＂ during dry and wet periods, respectively. During the dry period, shallow soil above 20-cm depth is the active temperature layer. The heat transfer rate in soil is obviously different during dry and wet periods. During the dry period, the ratio of sensible heat flux to net radiation （H/Rn） and the value of latent heat flux to net radiation （LE/Rn） have a linear relationship with 5-cm soil temperature; during the wet period, these have a nonlinear relationship with 5-cm soil temperature, and soil temperature of 16℃ is the critical temperature for changes in the land-surface water and heat exchange trend on a daily scale. During the dry period, H/Rn and LE/Rn have a linear relationship with soil water content. During the wet period, these have a nonlinear relationship with 5-cm soil water content, and 0.21 m^3 m^-3 is the critical point for changes in the land-surface water and heat exchange trend at daily scale. During the dry period, for vapor pressure deficit less than 0.7 kPa, H/Rn rises with increased vapor pressure deficit, whereas LEIRn decreases with that increase. When that deficit is greater than 0.7 kPa, both H/Rn and LE/Rn tend to be constant. During the wet period, H/Rn increases with the vapor pressure deficit, whereas LE/Rn decreases. The above characteristics directly reflect the effect of differences in land-surface environmental factors during land-surface water and heat exchange proc
文摘目的总结先天性胆道梗阻患儿肝移植围手术期血浆置换护理经验。方法回顾性分析我院2015年1月-2016年12月移植监护室收治的10例6月龄一4岁患儿的临床资料,于肝移植术前及术后行床旁血浆置换治疗,共40次。治疗前对患儿体质量进行精确测量;根据体质量与体表面积换算公式体表面积(m2)=体质量(kg)*0.035+0.1[1];分别选用膜面积为0.2 m2,血室容积为25 m L,最高使用TMP为8 kpa(60 mm Hg),采用γ射线灭菌的血浆分离器对应患儿体表面积进行治疗;确保深静脉置管管路通畅,血流量达标;治疗过程中密切监护患儿生命体征及时调整治疗剂量及流速,积极预防并发症。结果治疗期间有2例患儿脸部出现皮疹及骚痒症状,给予暂停治疗,考虑过敏反应遵医嘱追加抗过敏制剂地塞米松3 mg加盐水3 m L缓慢静脉注射处理,10 min后患儿症状缓解,继续治疗。1例治疗前管路抽吸通畅,上机时患者躁动,管路位置欠佳致血流速未达标,为防止体外凝血给予即刻还血暂停治疗,二次置管,置管后上机治疗,其余均顺利完成治疗。结论床旁血浆置换治疗作为暂时改善机体状态的措施,为患儿肝脏移植手术争取宝贵时间,改善术前条件及肝脏移植术后无功能期作为辅助治疗。
