Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant development and metabolism,and plants have evolved ingenious mechanisms to overcome phosphate(Pi)starvation.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation...Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant development and metabolism,and plants have evolved ingenious mechanisms to overcome phosphate(Pi)starvation.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of shoot and root architecture by low phosphorus conditions and the coordinated utilization of Pi and nitrogen remain largely unclear.Here,we show that Nodulation Signaling Pathway 1(NSP1)and NSP2 regulate rice tiller number by promoting the biosynthesis of strigolactones(SLs),a class of phytohormones with fundamental effects on plant architecture and environmental responses.We found that NSP1 and NSP2 are induced by Oryza sativa PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE2(OsPHR2)in response to low-Pi stress and form a complex to directly bind the promoters of SL biosynthesis genes,thus markedly increasing SL biosynthesis in rice.Interestingly,the NSP1/2–SL signaling module represses the expression of CROWN ROOTLESS 1(CRL1),a newly identified early SL-responsive gene in roots,to restrain lateral root density under Pi deficiency.We also demonstrated that GR24^(4DO) treatment under normal conditions inhibits the expression of OsNRTs and OsAMTs to suppress nitrogen absorption but enhances the expression of OsPTs to promote Pi absorption,thus facilitating the balance between nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in rice.Importantly,we found that NSP1p:NSP1 and NSP2p:NSP2 transgenic plants show improved agronomic traits and grain yield under low-and medium-phosphorus conditions.Taken together,these results revealed a novel regulatory mechanism of SL biosynthesis and signaling in response to Pi starvation,providing genetic resources for improving plant architecture and nutrient-use efficiency in low-Pi environments.展开更多
为研究近年来猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)在规模化猪场的变异情况,本研究对华北某规模化猪场2014年~2016年采集的117份疑似PRRS的病料进行PCR检测,结果阳性病料57份,并对阳性病料中PRRSV的NSP2基因和ORF5基因测序分析。结果显示,43...为研究近年来猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)在规模化猪场的变异情况,本研究对华北某规模化猪场2014年~2016年采集的117份疑似PRRS的病料进行PCR检测,结果阳性病料57份,并对阳性病料中PRRSV的NSP2基因和ORF5基因测序分析。结果显示,43份阳性病料中的PRRSV为NSP2缺失1+29个氨基酸,与HP-PRRSV的缺失相同,其NSP2基因区与HP-PRRSV Hu N4株的同源性为93.6%~99.6%;而其余的14份阳性样品中的病毒NSP2则为缺失111+1+19个氨基酸,与PRRSV NADC30株的缺失相同,NSP2基因区同源性为92.3%~92.9%,ORF5基因同源性为93.8%~94.8%。此外,在2016年检测到的4份阳性病料,基于NSP2基因构建的系统进化树显示其属于HP-PRRSV亚群,但基于ORF5基因构建的系统进化树结果显示,这些病毒则与国内近年来在香港、台湾以及华南地区流行的低致病力PRRSV GM2株(谱系3)同源性最高,核苷酸同源性为96.7%~97.0%。以上结果表明2014年以来同一猪场内的PRRSV变异呈多样性,并且出现了两类新的PRRSV变异株。展开更多
基金was supported by grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28030202)the National Key Research and Development of China(2022YFF1002901)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32122012,32270327)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019099).
文摘Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant development and metabolism,and plants have evolved ingenious mechanisms to overcome phosphate(Pi)starvation.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of shoot and root architecture by low phosphorus conditions and the coordinated utilization of Pi and nitrogen remain largely unclear.Here,we show that Nodulation Signaling Pathway 1(NSP1)and NSP2 regulate rice tiller number by promoting the biosynthesis of strigolactones(SLs),a class of phytohormones with fundamental effects on plant architecture and environmental responses.We found that NSP1 and NSP2 are induced by Oryza sativa PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE2(OsPHR2)in response to low-Pi stress and form a complex to directly bind the promoters of SL biosynthesis genes,thus markedly increasing SL biosynthesis in rice.Interestingly,the NSP1/2–SL signaling module represses the expression of CROWN ROOTLESS 1(CRL1),a newly identified early SL-responsive gene in roots,to restrain lateral root density under Pi deficiency.We also demonstrated that GR24^(4DO) treatment under normal conditions inhibits the expression of OsNRTs and OsAMTs to suppress nitrogen absorption but enhances the expression of OsPTs to promote Pi absorption,thus facilitating the balance between nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in rice.Importantly,we found that NSP1p:NSP1 and NSP2p:NSP2 transgenic plants show improved agronomic traits and grain yield under low-and medium-phosphorus conditions.Taken together,these results revealed a novel regulatory mechanism of SL biosynthesis and signaling in response to Pi starvation,providing genetic resources for improving plant architecture and nutrient-use efficiency in low-Pi environments.
文摘为研究近年来猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)在规模化猪场的变异情况,本研究对华北某规模化猪场2014年~2016年采集的117份疑似PRRS的病料进行PCR检测,结果阳性病料57份,并对阳性病料中PRRSV的NSP2基因和ORF5基因测序分析。结果显示,43份阳性病料中的PRRSV为NSP2缺失1+29个氨基酸,与HP-PRRSV的缺失相同,其NSP2基因区与HP-PRRSV Hu N4株的同源性为93.6%~99.6%;而其余的14份阳性样品中的病毒NSP2则为缺失111+1+19个氨基酸,与PRRSV NADC30株的缺失相同,NSP2基因区同源性为92.3%~92.9%,ORF5基因同源性为93.8%~94.8%。此外,在2016年检测到的4份阳性病料,基于NSP2基因构建的系统进化树显示其属于HP-PRRSV亚群,但基于ORF5基因构建的系统进化树结果显示,这些病毒则与国内近年来在香港、台湾以及华南地区流行的低致病力PRRSV GM2株(谱系3)同源性最高,核苷酸同源性为96.7%~97.0%。以上结果表明2014年以来同一猪场内的PRRSV变异呈多样性,并且出现了两类新的PRRSV变异株。
