目的:研究柴胡-黄芩药对抗肝纤维化大鼠肝脏TLR4-NFκB通路的影响。方法:采用饲喂高脂饲料,饮用10%乙醇及皮下注射四氯化碳(CCl4)的复合因素法建立大鼠肝纤维化模型,应用柴胡-黄芩药对进行干预,检测大鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨...目的:研究柴胡-黄芩药对抗肝纤维化大鼠肝脏TLR4-NFκB通路的影响。方法:采用饲喂高脂饲料,饮用10%乙醇及皮下注射四氯化碳(CCl4)的复合因素法建立大鼠肝纤维化模型,应用柴胡-黄芩药对进行干预,检测大鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、层黏蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)的变化,通过HE染色、Mallory染色探讨肝组织病理变化,应用免疫组织化学方法检测肝脏Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核转录因子(Nuclear factor k B,NFκB)蛋白表达情况,揭示柴胡-黄芩药对抗肝纤维化的作用及可能机制。结果:肝纤维化模型大鼠血清中ALT、AST、HA、PCⅢ和Ⅳ-C的含量明显增高,肝组织纤维蛋白增生明显,并形成假小叶,模型组大鼠肝组织TLR4表达增高。柴胡-黄芩(9、18g生药/kg)干预后,血清中ALT、AST、HA、PCⅢ和Ⅳ-C的含量均有明显降低,肝组织纤维化病理改变有良好改善,肝组织TLR4、NFκB表达也明显下降。结论:柴胡-黄芩药对具有明确抗肝纤维化作用,其机制可能通过TLR4-NFκB信号通路调节,减轻炎症有关。展开更多
为研究异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,ISO)诱导心肌肥厚或心肌重塑的分子机制,本工作以成年雄性Balb/c小鼠为研究对象,通过腹腔注射ISO,采用蛋白免疫印迹杂交方法观察ISO对小鼠心肌丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activted protein kinase,MA...为研究异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,ISO)诱导心肌肥厚或心肌重塑的分子机制,本工作以成年雄性Balb/c小鼠为研究对象,通过腹腔注射ISO,采用蛋白免疫印迹杂交方法观察ISO对小鼠心肌丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activted protein kinase,MAPK)、核因子-κB(NFKB)和Janus激酶/信号转导因子和转录激活因子(JAK/STAT)途径的激活效应。结果发现,ISO腹腔注射后可早期(5 min)激活心肌MAPK(ERK1/2和p38);ISO对心肌NFκB的激活效应表现为双相性,激活高峰分别为5和120 min;ISO腹腔注射60 min后可显著促进STAT3的酪氨酸磷酸化,6h时基本恢复到基础水平。上述结果提示,ISO对多种细胞内信号转导途径均具有激活效应,但表现出明显的时相差异。探明这些信号转导途径的时空整合规律,将有助于深化对心肌重塑发生机制的认识。展开更多
Protein tyrosine kinases (RTKs) modulate a wide range of pathophysiological events in several non-malignant disorders, including diabetic complications. To find new targets driving the development of diabetic cardiomy...Protein tyrosine kinases (RTKs) modulate a wide range of pathophysiological events in several non-malignant disorders, including diabetic complications. To find new targets driving the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), we profiled an RTKs phosphorylation array in diabetic mouse hearts and identified increased phosphorylated fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (p-FGFR1) levels in cardiomyocytes, indicating that FGFR1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of DCM. Using primary cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cell lines, we discovered that high-concentration glucose (HG) transactivates FGFR1 kinase domain through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and c-Src, independent of FGF ligands. Knocking down the levels of either TLR4 or c-Src prevents HG-activated FGFR1 in cardiomyocytes. RNA-sequencing analysis indicates that the elevated FGFR1 activity induces pro-inflammatory responses via MAPKs–NFκB signaling pathway in HG-challenged cardiomyocytes, which further results in fibrosis and hypertrophy. We then generated cardiomyocyte-specific FGFR1 knockout mice and showed that a lack of FGFR1 in cardiomyocytes prevents diabetes-induced cardiac inflammation and preserves cardiac function in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of FGFR1 by a selective inhibitor, AZD4547, also prevents cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. These studies have identified FGFR1 as a new player in driving DCM and support further testing of FGFR1 inhibitors for possible cardioprotective benefits.展开更多
Myocardial infarction (MI), the most serious of the ischemic heart diseases, is accompanied by myocardial metabolic disorders and the loss of cardiomyocytes. Increasing evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lnc...Myocardial infarction (MI), the most serious of the ischemic heart diseases, is accompanied by myocardial metabolic disorders and the loss of cardiomyocytes. Increasing evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various pathological conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and are emerging as a novel biomarker for these disorders. This study aims to investigate the regulatory role and mechanisms of lncRNAs in myocardial remodeling in the setting of MI. We find that post-infarcted hearts exhibit a reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and an alteration of the glucose and lipid metabolism genes cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), hexokinase 1 (HK1), and clucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), accompanied by cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. We then identify a previously unknown conserved lncRNA, AK009126 (cardiomyocyte pyroptosis-associated lncRNA, CPAL), which is remarkably upregulated in the myocardial border zone of MI mice. Importantly, the adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated silencing of endogenous CPAL by its short hairpin RNA (shRNA) partially abrogates myocardial metabolic alterations and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis during MI in mice. Mechanistically, CPAL is shown to bind directly to nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and to act as an activator of NFκB to induce NFκB phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. We also find that CPAL upregulates caspase-1 expression at the transcriptional level and consequently promotes the release of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β from cardiomyocytes. Collectively, our findings reveal the conserved lncRNA CPAL as a new regulator of cardiac metabolic abnormalities and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in the setting of MI and suggest CPAL as a new therapeutic target to protect cardiomyocytes against ischemic injury in infarcted hearts.展开更多
文摘目的:研究柴胡-黄芩药对抗肝纤维化大鼠肝脏TLR4-NFκB通路的影响。方法:采用饲喂高脂饲料,饮用10%乙醇及皮下注射四氯化碳(CCl4)的复合因素法建立大鼠肝纤维化模型,应用柴胡-黄芩药对进行干预,检测大鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、层黏蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)的变化,通过HE染色、Mallory染色探讨肝组织病理变化,应用免疫组织化学方法检测肝脏Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核转录因子(Nuclear factor k B,NFκB)蛋白表达情况,揭示柴胡-黄芩药对抗肝纤维化的作用及可能机制。结果:肝纤维化模型大鼠血清中ALT、AST、HA、PCⅢ和Ⅳ-C的含量明显增高,肝组织纤维蛋白增生明显,并形成假小叶,模型组大鼠肝组织TLR4表达增高。柴胡-黄芩(9、18g生药/kg)干预后,血清中ALT、AST、HA、PCⅢ和Ⅳ-C的含量均有明显降低,肝组织纤维化病理改变有良好改善,肝组织TLR4、NFκB表达也明显下降。结论:柴胡-黄芩药对具有明确抗肝纤维化作用,其机制可能通过TLR4-NFκB信号通路调节,减轻炎症有关。
基金This work was supported by the Major State Research Development Program of People's Republic of China (No. G2000056906)the National Science Foundation of China (No. 30070872).
文摘为研究异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,ISO)诱导心肌肥厚或心肌重塑的分子机制,本工作以成年雄性Balb/c小鼠为研究对象,通过腹腔注射ISO,采用蛋白免疫印迹杂交方法观察ISO对小鼠心肌丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activted protein kinase,MAPK)、核因子-κB(NFKB)和Janus激酶/信号转导因子和转录激活因子(JAK/STAT)途径的激活效应。结果发现,ISO腹腔注射后可早期(5 min)激活心肌MAPK(ERK1/2和p38);ISO对心肌NFκB的激活效应表现为双相性,激活高峰分别为5和120 min;ISO腹腔注射60 min后可显著促进STAT3的酪氨酸磷酸化,6h时基本恢复到基础水平。上述结果提示,ISO对多种细胞内信号转导途径均具有激活效应,但表现出明显的时相差异。探明这些信号转导途径的时空整合规律,将有助于深化对心肌重塑发生机制的认识。
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research Project(2017YFA0506000 to Guang Liang,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930108 to Guang Liang and 82000793 to Wu Luo,and 82270364 to Xiong Chen).
文摘Protein tyrosine kinases (RTKs) modulate a wide range of pathophysiological events in several non-malignant disorders, including diabetic complications. To find new targets driving the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), we profiled an RTKs phosphorylation array in diabetic mouse hearts and identified increased phosphorylated fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (p-FGFR1) levels in cardiomyocytes, indicating that FGFR1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of DCM. Using primary cardiomyocytes and H9C2 cell lines, we discovered that high-concentration glucose (HG) transactivates FGFR1 kinase domain through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and c-Src, independent of FGF ligands. Knocking down the levels of either TLR4 or c-Src prevents HG-activated FGFR1 in cardiomyocytes. RNA-sequencing analysis indicates that the elevated FGFR1 activity induces pro-inflammatory responses via MAPKs–NFκB signaling pathway in HG-challenged cardiomyocytes, which further results in fibrosis and hypertrophy. We then generated cardiomyocyte-specific FGFR1 knockout mice and showed that a lack of FGFR1 in cardiomyocytes prevents diabetes-induced cardiac inflammation and preserves cardiac function in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of FGFR1 by a selective inhibitor, AZD4547, also prevents cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. These studies have identified FGFR1 as a new player in driving DCM and support further testing of FGFR1 inhibitors for possible cardioprotective benefits.
文摘Myocardial infarction (MI), the most serious of the ischemic heart diseases, is accompanied by myocardial metabolic disorders and the loss of cardiomyocytes. Increasing evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various pathological conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and are emerging as a novel biomarker for these disorders. This study aims to investigate the regulatory role and mechanisms of lncRNAs in myocardial remodeling in the setting of MI. We find that post-infarcted hearts exhibit a reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and an alteration of the glucose and lipid metabolism genes cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), hexokinase 1 (HK1), and clucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), accompanied by cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. We then identify a previously unknown conserved lncRNA, AK009126 (cardiomyocyte pyroptosis-associated lncRNA, CPAL), which is remarkably upregulated in the myocardial border zone of MI mice. Importantly, the adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated silencing of endogenous CPAL by its short hairpin RNA (shRNA) partially abrogates myocardial metabolic alterations and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis during MI in mice. Mechanistically, CPAL is shown to bind directly to nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and to act as an activator of NFκB to induce NFκB phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. We also find that CPAL upregulates caspase-1 expression at the transcriptional level and consequently promotes the release of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β from cardiomyocytes. Collectively, our findings reveal the conserved lncRNA CPAL as a new regulator of cardiac metabolic abnormalities and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in the setting of MI and suggest CPAL as a new therapeutic target to protect cardiomyocytes against ischemic injury in infarcted hearts.
