目的:观察笑气吸入对阻生齿拔除术前局麻注射疼痛的影响及治疗依从性的作用。方法:110例门诊阻生齿拔除患者随机分为2组,试验组75例,对照组35例。试验组随机分为3组,在不同浓度笑气吸入镇静加局麻下拔牙,对照组只在局麻下拔牙。拔牙过...目的:观察笑气吸入对阻生齿拔除术前局麻注射疼痛的影响及治疗依从性的作用。方法:110例门诊阻生齿拔除患者随机分为2组,试验组75例,对照组35例。试验组随机分为3组,在不同浓度笑气吸入镇静加局麻下拔牙,对照组只在局麻下拔牙。拔牙过程中监测患者的生命体征,拔牙结束后调查2组患者对整个拔牙过程的感受,对局麻注射时、阻生齿拔除时和拔牙后5 min 3个时间点进行疼痛VAS评分并对整个过程进行Houpt行为量表评分。结果:3个时间点的VAS评分试验组均低于对照组(P<0.05);25%笑气吸入组与在3个时间点VAS得分平均值均大于30%笑气吸入组(P<0.05),35%笑气吸入组与30%笑气吸入组VAS平均值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组和对照组Houpt行为量表评分分别为5.40±0.60和4.60±0.77(P<0.05)。结论:笑气吸入可以减轻神经阻滞麻醉的注射疼痛,缓解患者拔牙前的紧张情绪,使其更好的配合治疗。多数患者在30%笑气浓度时获得满意的镇静、镇痛效果。展开更多
The emission of N2 is important to remove excess N from lakes, ponds, and wetlands. To investigate the gas emission from water, Gao et al.（2013） developed a new method using a bubble trap device to collect gas sampl...The emission of N2 is important to remove excess N from lakes, ponds, and wetlands. To investigate the gas emission from water, Gao et al.（2013） developed a new method using a bubble trap device to collect gas samples from waters. However, the determination accuracy of sampling volume and gas component concentration was still debatable. In this study, the method was optimized for in situ sampling, accurate volume measurement and direct injection to a gas chromatograph for the analysis of N2 and other gases. By the optimized new method, the recovery rate for N2 was 100.28% on average; the mean coefficient of determination（R2） was 0.9997; the limit of detection was 0.02%. We further assessed the effects of the new method, bottle full of water, vs. vacuum bag and vacuum vial methods, on variations of N2 concentration as influenced by sample storage times of 1,2, 3, 5, and 7 days at constant temperature of 15°C, using indices of averaged relative peak area（%） in comparison with the averaged relative peak area of each method at 0 day.The indices of the bottle full of water method were the lowest（99.5%–108.5%） compared to the indices of vacuum bag and vacuum vial methods（119%–217%）. Meanwhile, the gas chromatograph determination of other gas components（O2, CH4, and N2O） was also accurate. The new method was an alternative way to investigate N2 released from various kinds of aquatic ecosystems.展开更多
文摘目的:观察笑气吸入对阻生齿拔除术前局麻注射疼痛的影响及治疗依从性的作用。方法:110例门诊阻生齿拔除患者随机分为2组,试验组75例,对照组35例。试验组随机分为3组,在不同浓度笑气吸入镇静加局麻下拔牙,对照组只在局麻下拔牙。拔牙过程中监测患者的生命体征,拔牙结束后调查2组患者对整个拔牙过程的感受,对局麻注射时、阻生齿拔除时和拔牙后5 min 3个时间点进行疼痛VAS评分并对整个过程进行Houpt行为量表评分。结果:3个时间点的VAS评分试验组均低于对照组(P<0.05);25%笑气吸入组与在3个时间点VAS得分平均值均大于30%笑气吸入组(P<0.05),35%笑气吸入组与30%笑气吸入组VAS平均值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组和对照组Houpt行为量表评分分别为5.40±0.60和4.60±0.77(P<0.05)。结论:笑气吸入可以减轻神经阻滞麻醉的注射疼痛,缓解患者拔牙前的紧张情绪,使其更好的配合治疗。多数患者在30%笑气浓度时获得满意的镇静、镇痛效果。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41301575)Special Preliminary Study Program of the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2012CB426503)
文摘The emission of N2 is important to remove excess N from lakes, ponds, and wetlands. To investigate the gas emission from water, Gao et al.（2013） developed a new method using a bubble trap device to collect gas samples from waters. However, the determination accuracy of sampling volume and gas component concentration was still debatable. In this study, the method was optimized for in situ sampling, accurate volume measurement and direct injection to a gas chromatograph for the analysis of N2 and other gases. By the optimized new method, the recovery rate for N2 was 100.28% on average; the mean coefficient of determination（R2） was 0.9997; the limit of detection was 0.02%. We further assessed the effects of the new method, bottle full of water, vs. vacuum bag and vacuum vial methods, on variations of N2 concentration as influenced by sample storage times of 1,2, 3, 5, and 7 days at constant temperature of 15°C, using indices of averaged relative peak area（%） in comparison with the averaged relative peak area of each method at 0 day.The indices of the bottle full of water method were the lowest（99.5%–108.5%） compared to the indices of vacuum bag and vacuum vial methods（119%–217%）. Meanwhile, the gas chromatograph determination of other gas components（O2, CH4, and N2O） was also accurate. The new method was an alternative way to investigate N2 released from various kinds of aquatic ecosystems.
