Hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD) is a major public health concern in China. The most predominant enteroviruses that cause HFMD have traditionally been attributed to enterovirus A71(EVA71) and coxsackievirus A16(CVA1...Hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD) is a major public health concern in China. The most predominant enteroviruses that cause HFMD have traditionally been attributed to enterovirus A71(EVA71) and coxsackievirus A16(CVA16). Since its first large outbreak in 2008, the dominant HFMD pathogens are constantly changing. In 2013 and 2015, CVA6 exceeded both EVA71 and CVA16 to become the leading cause of HFMD in some provinces. However, there still lacks a comprehensive overview on the molecular epidemiology and evolution of HFMD-related enteroviruses at the national level. In this study, we performed systematic epidemiological analyses of HFMD-related enteroviruses using the data of 64 published papers that met the inclusion criteria, and conducted phylogenetic analyses based on 12,080 partial VP1 sequences identified in China before 31 st June 2018. We found that EVA71 prevalence has decreased sharply but other enteroviruses have increased rapidly from 2008 to 2016 and that one subtype of each enterovirus is represented during the epidemic. In addition, four genotypes EVA71_C4, CVA16_B1, CVA6_D and CVA10_C are the most predominant enterovirus strains and collectively they cause over 90% of all HFMD cases in China according to the phylogenetic trees using representative partial VP1 sequences. These four major enterovirus genotypes have different geographical distributions, and they may cocirculate with other genotypes and serotypes. These results suggest that more molecular epidemiological studies should be performed on several enteroviruses simultaneously, and such information should have implications for virological surveillance, disease management, vaccine development and policy-making on the prevention and control of HFMD.展开更多
植物热激蛋白70(heat shock protein 70,Hsp70)是热激蛋白家族中保守、普遍表达的家族,有两个主要功能区:N端核酸结合区和C端底物结合区。通常Hsp70具有分子伴侣功能,参与新生蛋白的折叠、转运、重折叠变性蛋白、协助降解变性蛋白;Hsp7...植物热激蛋白70(heat shock protein 70,Hsp70)是热激蛋白家族中保守、普遍表达的家族,有两个主要功能区:N端核酸结合区和C端底物结合区。通常Hsp70具有分子伴侣功能,参与新生蛋白的折叠、转运、重折叠变性蛋白、协助降解变性蛋白;Hsp70不仅受高温胁迫诱导,且受其它多种胁迫诱导;同时,Hsp70参与植物正常发育过程。Hsp70基因分布广泛,序列高度保守,在植物基因组中以基因家族形式存在,最近广泛用于遗传多样性和系统发育研究。文章对植物中Hsp70的基因家族、结构、表达调控机制和生物学功能进行了综述。展开更多
基金supported by the TOTAL foundation,and the Grants from the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2017ZX10103009-002)the "One Belt One Road" Project(153831KYSB20170043)of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe133 Project of Institut Pasteur of Shanghai,CAS.
文摘Hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD) is a major public health concern in China. The most predominant enteroviruses that cause HFMD have traditionally been attributed to enterovirus A71(EVA71) and coxsackievirus A16(CVA16). Since its first large outbreak in 2008, the dominant HFMD pathogens are constantly changing. In 2013 and 2015, CVA6 exceeded both EVA71 and CVA16 to become the leading cause of HFMD in some provinces. However, there still lacks a comprehensive overview on the molecular epidemiology and evolution of HFMD-related enteroviruses at the national level. In this study, we performed systematic epidemiological analyses of HFMD-related enteroviruses using the data of 64 published papers that met the inclusion criteria, and conducted phylogenetic analyses based on 12,080 partial VP1 sequences identified in China before 31 st June 2018. We found that EVA71 prevalence has decreased sharply but other enteroviruses have increased rapidly from 2008 to 2016 and that one subtype of each enterovirus is represented during the epidemic. In addition, four genotypes EVA71_C4, CVA16_B1, CVA6_D and CVA10_C are the most predominant enterovirus strains and collectively they cause over 90% of all HFMD cases in China according to the phylogenetic trees using representative partial VP1 sequences. These four major enterovirus genotypes have different geographical distributions, and they may cocirculate with other genotypes and serotypes. These results suggest that more molecular epidemiological studies should be performed on several enteroviruses simultaneously, and such information should have implications for virological surveillance, disease management, vaccine development and policy-making on the prevention and control of HFMD.
文摘植物热激蛋白70(heat shock protein 70,Hsp70)是热激蛋白家族中保守、普遍表达的家族,有两个主要功能区:N端核酸结合区和C端底物结合区。通常Hsp70具有分子伴侣功能,参与新生蛋白的折叠、转运、重折叠变性蛋白、协助降解变性蛋白;Hsp70不仅受高温胁迫诱导,且受其它多种胁迫诱导;同时,Hsp70参与植物正常发育过程。Hsp70基因分布广泛,序列高度保守,在植物基因组中以基因家族形式存在,最近广泛用于遗传多样性和系统发育研究。文章对植物中Hsp70的基因家族、结构、表达调控机制和生物学功能进行了综述。
