Straw return is an important management tool for tackling and promoting soil nutrient conservation and improving crop yield in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Although the incorporation of maize straw with deep plowing a...Straw return is an important management tool for tackling and promoting soil nutrient conservation and improving crop yield in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Although the incorporation of maize straw with deep plowing and rotary tillage practices are widespread in the region, only few studies have focused on rotation tillage. To determine the effects of maize straw return on the nitrogen （N） efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, we conducted experiments in this region for 3 years. Five treatments were tested： （i） rotary tillage without straw return （RT）; （ii） deep plowing tillage without straw return （DT）; （iii） rotary tillage with total straw return （RS）; （iv） deep plowing tillage with total straw return （DS）; （v） rotary tillage of 2 years and deep plowing tillage in the 3rd year with total straw return （TS）. Treatments with straw return increased kernels no. ear-1, thousand-kernel weight （TKW）, grain yields, ratio of dry matter accumulation post-anthesis, and nitrogen （N） efficiency whereas reduced the ears no. ha-1 in the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons. Compared with the rotary tillage, deep plowing tillage significantly increased the grain yield, yield components, total dry matter accumulation, and N efficiency in 2013-2014. RS had significantly higher straw N distribution, soil inorganic nitrogen content, and soil enzymes activities in the 0-10 cm soil layer compared with the DS and TS. However, significantly lower values were ob- served in the 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers. TS obtained approximately equal grain yield as DS, and it also reduced the resource costs. Therefore, we conclude that TS is the most economical method for increasing grain yield and N efficiency of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.展开更多
探讨了基于不同数据预处理方法的正交信号校正在秸杆饲料近红外光谱模型传递中的应用。以141个秸杆青贮饲料样品为研究对象,以其粗蛋白含量为目标参数,研究了基于无处理、局部中心化、全局中心化和Z-score标准化预处理方法的正交信号校...探讨了基于不同数据预处理方法的正交信号校正在秸杆饲料近红外光谱模型传递中的应用。以141个秸杆青贮饲料样品为研究对象,以其粗蛋白含量为目标参数,研究了基于无处理、局部中心化、全局中心化和Z-score标准化预处理方法的正交信号校正,在源仪器(SPECTRUM ONE NTS)和目标仪器1(AN-TARIS)与目标仪器2(FOSS 6500)之间的模型传递效果。实验表明:对于两台傅里叶变换型近红外光谱仪,采用局部中心化、全局中心化和Z-score标准化预处理方法的正交信号校正均可成功实现模型传递,其中局部中心化和全局中心化法的作用效果基本一致,且优于Z-score标准化法。对于傅立叶变换和光栅型近红外光谱仪,全局中心化的作用效果明显优于其它3组处理效果,且只有全局中心化预处理的正交信号校正传递后的模型可用于实际预测。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300400)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2015CB150404)+4 种基金the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in Public Interest of China(201203100)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-year Plan period(2012BAD04B05)the Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology,China(J14LF12)the Shandong Province Mount Tai Industrial Talents Program,Chinathe Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation,China
文摘Straw return is an important management tool for tackling and promoting soil nutrient conservation and improving crop yield in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Although the incorporation of maize straw with deep plowing and rotary tillage practices are widespread in the region, only few studies have focused on rotation tillage. To determine the effects of maize straw return on the nitrogen （N） efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, we conducted experiments in this region for 3 years. Five treatments were tested： （i） rotary tillage without straw return （RT）; （ii） deep plowing tillage without straw return （DT）; （iii） rotary tillage with total straw return （RS）; （iv） deep plowing tillage with total straw return （DS）; （v） rotary tillage of 2 years and deep plowing tillage in the 3rd year with total straw return （TS）. Treatments with straw return increased kernels no. ear-1, thousand-kernel weight （TKW）, grain yields, ratio of dry matter accumulation post-anthesis, and nitrogen （N） efficiency whereas reduced the ears no. ha-1 in the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons. Compared with the rotary tillage, deep plowing tillage significantly increased the grain yield, yield components, total dry matter accumulation, and N efficiency in 2013-2014. RS had significantly higher straw N distribution, soil inorganic nitrogen content, and soil enzymes activities in the 0-10 cm soil layer compared with the DS and TS. However, significantly lower values were ob- served in the 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers. TS obtained approximately equal grain yield as DS, and it also reduced the resource costs. Therefore, we conclude that TS is the most economical method for increasing grain yield and N efficiency of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.
文摘探讨了基于不同数据预处理方法的正交信号校正在秸杆饲料近红外光谱模型传递中的应用。以141个秸杆青贮饲料样品为研究对象,以其粗蛋白含量为目标参数,研究了基于无处理、局部中心化、全局中心化和Z-score标准化预处理方法的正交信号校正,在源仪器(SPECTRUM ONE NTS)和目标仪器1(AN-TARIS)与目标仪器2(FOSS 6500)之间的模型传递效果。实验表明:对于两台傅里叶变换型近红外光谱仪,采用局部中心化、全局中心化和Z-score标准化预处理方法的正交信号校正均可成功实现模型传递,其中局部中心化和全局中心化法的作用效果基本一致,且优于Z-score标准化法。对于傅立叶变换和光栅型近红外光谱仪,全局中心化的作用效果明显优于其它3组处理效果,且只有全局中心化预处理的正交信号校正传递后的模型可用于实际预测。
