This paper describes a non-linear information dynamics model for integrated risk assessment of complex disaster system from an evolution perspective. According to the occurrence and evolution of natural disaster syste...This paper describes a non-linear information dynamics model for integrated risk assessment of complex disaster system from an evolution perspective. According to the occurrence and evolution of natural disaster system with complicated and nonlinear characteristics, a non-linear information dynamics mode is introduced based on the maximum flux principle during modeling process to study the integrated risk assessment of complex disaster system. Based on the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics method, a stochastic evolution equation of this system is established. The integrated risk assessment of complex disaster system can be achieved by giving reasonable weights of each evaluation index to stabilize the system. The new model reveals the formation pattern of risk grade and the dynamics law of evolution. Meanwhile, a method is developed to solve the dynamics evolution equations of complex system through the self-organization feature map algorithm. The proposed method has been used in complex disaster integrated risk assessment for 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China mainland. The results have indicated that the model is objective and effective.展开更多
In this study,the movement of the maximum wind of Typhoon Rammasun(2014)was measured by the radial movement of the maximum symmetric rotational kinetic energy.The weather research and forecasting(WRF)model was used to...In this study,the movement of the maximum wind of Typhoon Rammasun(2014)was measured by the radial movement of the maximum symmetric rotational kinetic energy.The weather research and forecasting(WRF)model was used to simulate Typhoon Rammasun,and validated simulation data for the lower troposphere were analyzed to examine the physical processes responsible for the radial movement of the maximum wind.The radii,where maximum symmetric rotational kinetic energy and its maximum tendency were located,were compared to explain radial movement.The tendency in the lower troposphere is controlled by the flux convergence of symmetric rotational kinetic energy and the conversion from symmetric divergent kinetic energy to symmetric rotational kinetic energy,as well as frictional dissipation in the symmetric rotational kinetic energy budget.The inward movement before rapid intensification(RI)resulted from radial flux convergence;cyclonic circulation develops while moving inward.Stationary maximum symmetric rotational kinetic energy and RI were caused by the conversion,which was observed to be proportional to the symmetric rotational kinetic energy.Landfall increased terrain-induced friction dissipation,which led to outward movement and ended the RI.展开更多
Based on the maximum flux principle(MFP),a water quality evaluation model for surface water ecosystem is presented by using self-organization map(SOM) neural network simulation algorithm from the aspect of systematic ...Based on the maximum flux principle(MFP),a water quality evaluation model for surface water ecosystem is presented by using self-organization map(SOM) neural network simulation algorithm from the aspect of systematic structural evolution.This evaluation model is applied to the case of surface water ecosystem in Xindu District of Chengdu City in China.The values reflecting the water quality of five cross-sections of the system at different developing stages are obtained,with stable values of 1.438,2.952,1.86...展开更多
The maximum flux density of a gyrosynchrotron radiation spectrum in a magnetic diploe model with self absorption and gyroresonance is calculated. Our calculations show that the maximum flux density of the gyrosynchrot...The maximum flux density of a gyrosynchrotron radiation spectrum in a magnetic diploe model with self absorption and gyroresonance is calculated. Our calculations show that the maximum flux density of the gyrosynchrotron spectrum increases with increasing low-energy cutoff, number density, input depth of energetic electrons, magnetic field strength and viewing angle, and with decreasing energy spectral index of energetic electrons, number density and temperature of thermal electrons. It is found that there are linear correlations between the logarithms of the maximum flux density and the above eight parameters with correlation coefficients higher than 0.91 and fit accuracies better than 10%. The maximum flux density could be a good indicator of the changes of these source parameters. In addition, we find that there are very good positive linear correlations between the logarithms of the maximum flux density and peak frequency when the above former five parameters vary respectively. Their linear correlation coefficients are higher than 0.90 and the fit accuracies are better than 0.5%.展开更多
There are many types of cyclone dust collectors for separating the fine solid and dust particles from gases in the various industries and also in the home used purposes. For estimating the power loss and the collectio...There are many types of cyclone dust collectors for separating the fine solid and dust particles from gases in the various industries and also in the home used purposes. For estimating the power loss and the collection efficiency, one of the most important factors is the maximum tangential velocity V0m in the vortex core region in the cyclone body. In order to determine V0~ by the simple method, it is useful to apply the mechanical balance of the angular momentum fluxes under the assumption of Ogawa combined vortex model which is composed of the quasi-forced vortex in the vortex core region and also the quasi-free vortex surrounded the vortex core region and also under the assumption of the introduction of equivalent length Heq corresponding to the cone spaces of the cyclone body and the dust bunker. On the other hand, the mean rotational velocity Voi near the concave wall surface is also estimated by the mechanical balance of angular momentum fluxes with the moment of viscous friction force. For confirming the general applications of the obtained equations, the returned flow types cyclones changed the throat diameter D3 are designed. The material of the cyclone is the transparent acrylic resin. Therefore the inner surface of the cyclone body can be regarded as smooth surface. The comparisons of the measured velocities V~ and Voi by a cylindrical Pitot tube are shown in good agreement with those of the proposed equations. The above stated results are described in detail.展开更多
Subtropical sea surface salinity(SSS)maximum is formed in the subtropical South Indian Ocean(SIO)by excessive evaporation over precipitation and serves as the primary salt source of the SIO.Spaceborne SSS measurements...Subtropical sea surface salinity(SSS)maximum is formed in the subtropical South Indian Ocean(SIO)by excessive evaporation over precipitation and serves as the primary salt source of the SIO.Spaceborne SSS measurements by Aquarius satellite during September 2011-May 2015 detect three disconnected SSS maximum regions(>35.6)in the eastern(105°E-115°E,38°S-28°S),central(60°E-100°E,35°S-25°S),and western(25°E-40°E,38°S-20°S)parts of the subtropical SIO,respectively.Such structure is however not seen in gridded Argo data.Analysis of Argo profile data confirms the existence of the eastern maximum patch and also reveals SSS overestimations of Aquarius near the western and eastern boundaries.Although subjected to large uncertainties,a mixed-layer budget analysis is employed to explain the seasonal cycle of SSS.The eastern and central regions reach the highest salinity in February-March and lowest salinity in August-September,which can be well explained by surface freshwater forcing(SFF)term.SFF is however not controlled by evaporation(E)or precipitation(P).Instead,the large seasonal undulations of mixed layer depth(MLD)is the key factor.The shallow(deep)MLD in austral summer(winter)amplifies(attenuates)the forcing effect of local positive E-P and causes SSS rising(decreasing).Ocean dynamics also play a role.Particularly,activity of mesoscale eddies is a critical factor regulating SSS variability in the eastern and western regions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Twelfth Five-year Technology Support Projects of China (Grant Nos. 2009BAJ28B04, 2011BAK07B01,2011BAJ08B03, and 2011BAJ08B05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51208017)+1 种基金Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation (Grant No. 2012ZZ-17)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (Grant No. 2011M500199)
文摘This paper describes a non-linear information dynamics model for integrated risk assessment of complex disaster system from an evolution perspective. According to the occurrence and evolution of natural disaster system with complicated and nonlinear characteristics, a non-linear information dynamics mode is introduced based on the maximum flux principle during modeling process to study the integrated risk assessment of complex disaster system. Based on the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics method, a stochastic evolution equation of this system is established. The integrated risk assessment of complex disaster system can be achieved by giving reasonable weights of each evaluation index to stabilize the system. The new model reveals the formation pattern of risk grade and the dynamics law of evolution. Meanwhile, a method is developed to solve the dynamics evolution equations of complex system through the self-organization feature map algorithm. The proposed method has been used in complex disaster integrated risk assessment for 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China mainland. The results have indicated that the model is objective and effective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41930967).
文摘In this study,the movement of the maximum wind of Typhoon Rammasun(2014)was measured by the radial movement of the maximum symmetric rotational kinetic energy.The weather research and forecasting(WRF)model was used to simulate Typhoon Rammasun,and validated simulation data for the lower troposphere were analyzed to examine the physical processes responsible for the radial movement of the maximum wind.The radii,where maximum symmetric rotational kinetic energy and its maximum tendency were located,were compared to explain radial movement.The tendency in the lower troposphere is controlled by the flux convergence of symmetric rotational kinetic energy and the conversion from symmetric divergent kinetic energy to symmetric rotational kinetic energy,as well as frictional dissipation in the symmetric rotational kinetic energy budget.The inward movement before rapid intensification(RI)resulted from radial flux convergence;cyclonic circulation develops while moving inward.Stationary maximum symmetric rotational kinetic energy and RI were caused by the conversion,which was observed to be proportional to the symmetric rotational kinetic energy.Landfall increased terrain-induced friction dissipation,which led to outward movement and ended the RI.
基金Supported by National Water Science and Technology Research Project(No.2008ZX07102-001)
文摘Based on the maximum flux principle(MFP),a water quality evaluation model for surface water ecosystem is presented by using self-organization map(SOM) neural network simulation algorithm from the aspect of systematic structural evolution.This evaluation model is applied to the case of surface water ecosystem in Xindu District of Chengdu City in China.The values reflecting the water quality of five cross-sections of the system at different developing stages are obtained,with stable values of 1.438,2.952,1.86...
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The maximum flux density of a gyrosynchrotron radiation spectrum in a magnetic diploe model with self absorption and gyroresonance is calculated. Our calculations show that the maximum flux density of the gyrosynchrotron spectrum increases with increasing low-energy cutoff, number density, input depth of energetic electrons, magnetic field strength and viewing angle, and with decreasing energy spectral index of energetic electrons, number density and temperature of thermal electrons. It is found that there are linear correlations between the logarithms of the maximum flux density and the above eight parameters with correlation coefficients higher than 0.91 and fit accuracies better than 10%. The maximum flux density could be a good indicator of the changes of these source parameters. In addition, we find that there are very good positive linear correlations between the logarithms of the maximum flux density and peak frequency when the above former five parameters vary respectively. Their linear correlation coefficients are higher than 0.90 and the fit accuracies are better than 0.5%.
文摘There are many types of cyclone dust collectors for separating the fine solid and dust particles from gases in the various industries and also in the home used purposes. For estimating the power loss and the collection efficiency, one of the most important factors is the maximum tangential velocity V0m in the vortex core region in the cyclone body. In order to determine V0~ by the simple method, it is useful to apply the mechanical balance of the angular momentum fluxes under the assumption of Ogawa combined vortex model which is composed of the quasi-forced vortex in the vortex core region and also the quasi-free vortex surrounded the vortex core region and also under the assumption of the introduction of equivalent length Heq corresponding to the cone spaces of the cyclone body and the dust bunker. On the other hand, the mean rotational velocity Voi near the concave wall surface is also estimated by the mechanical balance of angular momentum fluxes with the moment of viscous friction force. For confirming the general applications of the obtained equations, the returned flow types cyclones changed the throat diameter D3 are designed. The material of the cyclone is the transparent acrylic resin. Therefore the inner surface of the cyclone body can be regarded as smooth surface. The comparisons of the measured velocities V~ and Voi by a cylindrical Pitot tube are shown in good agreement with those of the proposed equations. The above stated results are described in detail.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41776001,41806001)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0301103)
文摘Subtropical sea surface salinity(SSS)maximum is formed in the subtropical South Indian Ocean(SIO)by excessive evaporation over precipitation and serves as the primary salt source of the SIO.Spaceborne SSS measurements by Aquarius satellite during September 2011-May 2015 detect three disconnected SSS maximum regions(>35.6)in the eastern(105°E-115°E,38°S-28°S),central(60°E-100°E,35°S-25°S),and western(25°E-40°E,38°S-20°S)parts of the subtropical SIO,respectively.Such structure is however not seen in gridded Argo data.Analysis of Argo profile data confirms the existence of the eastern maximum patch and also reveals SSS overestimations of Aquarius near the western and eastern boundaries.Although subjected to large uncertainties,a mixed-layer budget analysis is employed to explain the seasonal cycle of SSS.The eastern and central regions reach the highest salinity in February-March and lowest salinity in August-September,which can be well explained by surface freshwater forcing(SFF)term.SFF is however not controlled by evaporation(E)or precipitation(P).Instead,the large seasonal undulations of mixed layer depth(MLD)is the key factor.The shallow(deep)MLD in austral summer(winter)amplifies(attenuates)the forcing effect of local positive E-P and causes SSS rising(decreasing).Ocean dynamics also play a role.Particularly,activity of mesoscale eddies is a critical factor regulating SSS variability in the eastern and western regions.
