Habitat suitability index(HSI)models have been widely used to analyze the relationship between species abundance and environmental factors,and ultimately inform management of marine species.The response of species abu...Habitat suitability index(HSI)models have been widely used to analyze the relationship between species abundance and environmental factors,and ultimately inform management of marine species.The response of species abundance to each environmental variable is different and habitat requirements may change over life history stages and seasons.Therefore,it is necessary to determine the optimal combination of environmental variables in HSI modelling.In this study,generalized additive models(GAMs)were used to determine which environmental variables to be included in the HSI models.Significant variables were retained and weighted in the HSI model according to their relative contribution(%)to the total deviation explained by the boosted regression tree(BRT).The HSI models were applied to evaluate the habitat suitability of mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in the Haizhou Bay and adjacent areas in 2011 and 2013–2017.Ontogenetic and seasonal variations in HSI models of mantis shrimp were also examined.Among the four models(non-optimized model,BRT informed HSI model,GAM informed HSI model,and both BRT and GAM informed HSI model),both BRT and GAM informed HSI model showed the best performance.Four environmental variables(bottom temperature,depth,distance offshore and sediment type)were selected in the HSI models for four groups(spring-juvenile,spring-adult,falljuvenile and fall-adult)of mantis shrimp.The distribution of habitat suitability showed similar patterns between juveniles and adults,but obvious seasonal variations were observed.This study suggests that the process of optimizing environmental variables in HSI models improves the performance of HSI models,and this optimization strategy could be extended to other marine organisms to enhance the understanding of the habitat suitability of target species.展开更多
The growth, reproductive properties and the variations in total lipids and fatty acids in the gonads and muscle tissue of the mantis shrimp Squilla mantis （Crustacea： Stomatopoda） caught from the gulf of Gabes in T...The growth, reproductive properties and the variations in total lipids and fatty acids in the gonads and muscle tissue of the mantis shrimp Squilla mantis （Crustacea： Stomatopoda） caught from the gulf of Gabes in Tunisia were studied by sampling carried out between Jan. 2005 and Dec. 2006 to elucidate the importance of these components during sexual maturation. A total of 16,569 specimens were examined. The sex of this species was determined macroscopically and the proportion of females （47.07%） was significantly lower than that of males （52.93%） with a ratio of 1 ：l. 12 （male^female）. The mean total lengths （TL） of the male and female individuals were 142.02 ~： 22.76 mm and 141.45 ＋ 24.37 mm, respectively. Length-weight （TL-W） relationship was estimated as W = 7 ~ l06 TL3 o644 for females and W = 4 ~ 10＂6 TL320o7 for males, being altometrically positive for both sexes. The reproductive season, evaluated from the gonado-somatic index （GS1）, extended from Dec. to July, with a peak in Feb.. The smallest mature female was 93 mm total length. Fifty percent of the females were mature at 147.19 mm total length. The levels of lipid displayed pronounced seasonal fluctuations with the highest value in Feb. and the lowest value in Oct.. Major fatty acids in both gonads and muscle tissue （female and male） were C 14：0, C 16：0, C 18：0, C 18： I n-9, C 18：2n-6, C 18：3n-3, C20：4n-6, C20：5n-3 and C22：6n-3. Significant increases in the levels of saturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids were observed in gonads. The levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids （PUFA）, particularly C20：5n-3, decreased in gonads as ovarian development proceeded. Docosahexaenoic acid （DHA）, linoleic acid （LA） and eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） were the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） in the muscle tissue for both male and female. The highest percentages for EPA and DHA were found in winter and summer season for Squilla mantis in the Gulf of Gabes. The n-3/n展开更多
In order to reduce pressure pulsation of vortex pumps,the mantis shrimp was chosen as biological prototype and a bionic engineering model was developed from its abdominal segment grooves.Bionic mantis shrimp groove vo...In order to reduce pressure pulsation of vortex pumps,the mantis shrimp was chosen as biological prototype and a bionic engineering model was developed from its abdominal segment grooves.Bionic mantis shrimp groove volute vortex pump models with different numbers of grooves were developed,and numerical simulation methods were used to calculate the models to study the effects of the volute grooves on the pressure pulsation of a vortex pump.The results show that a bionic groove volute could effectively improve the pressure pulsation of a vortex pump outlet,and reduce the pressure pulsation around the pump’s tongue and other internal points.The pressure pulsation under different conditions is impacted by shaft frequency and blade frequency.The bionic groove structure has little effect on the external characteristics of the pump,but could improve the static pressure,velocity distribution,and vortex structure of the flow field.Additionally,pressure pulsation of the whole vortex pump is reduced.展开更多
Cases of imperfect or non-model mimicry are common in plants and animals and challenge intuitive assumptions about the nature of directional selection on mimics. Many non-rewarding flower species do not mimic a partic...Cases of imperfect or non-model mimicry are common in plants and animals and challenge intuitive assumptions about the nature of directional selection on mimics. Many non-rewarding flower species do not mimic a particular species, but at- tract pollinators through ＇generalised food deception＇. Some predatory animals also attract pollinators by resembling flowers, perhaps the most well known, yet least well understood, is the orchid mantis Hymenopus coronatus. This praying mantis has been hypothesised to mimic a flower corolla and we have previously shown that it attracts and captures pollinating insects as prey. Predatory pollinator deception is relatively unstudied and whether this occurs through model mimicry or generalised food decep- tion in the orchid mantis is unknown. To test whether the orchid mantis mimics a specific model flower species we investigated similarities between its morphology and that of flowers in its natural habitat in peninsular Malaysia. Geometric morphometrics were used to compare the shape of mantis femoral lobes to flower petals. Physiological vision models were used to compare the colour of mantises and flowers from the perspective of bees, flies and birds. We did not find strong evidence for a specific model flower species for the orchid mantis. The mantis＇ colour and shape varied within the range of that exhibited by many flower pet- als rather than resembling one type in particular. We suggest that the orchid mantis resembles an average, or generalised flower-like stimulus. Thus predatory pollinator deception in the orchid mantis is likely to function as a form of generalised food deception, as opposed to model mimicry .展开更多
A hydrocarbon model of the modern aquatic plant Gloeocapsa and the aquatic animal mantis shrimp was found in thermal simulating experiment. The results show that the modern aquatic plant Gloeocapsa is characterized by...A hydrocarbon model of the modern aquatic plant Gloeocapsa and the aquatic animal mantis shrimp was found in thermal simulating experiment. The results show that the modern aquatic plant Gloeocapsa is characterized by late generation, late termination and a long duration of oil generation, while the aquatic animal mantis shrimp is characterized by early generation, early termination and a short duration of oil generation. The nalkanes from Gloeocapsa and mantis shrimp are characterized by peak carbon C 15 -C 17 . With increasing thermal simulating temperature, the peak carbon changes from C 17 to C 15 , and the odd-even predominance of nalkanes becomes less clear. The products from Gloeocapsa contain abundant phenanthrene and naphthalene compounds, and even a little retene, while those from mantis shrimp are dominated by naphthalene compounds, and are poor in phenanthrene compounds. Gloeocapsa and mantis shrimp are rich in C 27 sterane, relatively rich in tricyclic terpanes (C 19 -C 29 ) and hopanes (C 27 -C 35 ), poor in 5α,14β,17β sterane, and coprostane does not disappear until 450 ℃. The tricyclic terpanes in Gloeocapsa are characterized by peak carbon C 23 and C 23 >C 21 , and in mantis shrimp by C 21 and C 21 >C 23 . The content of pregnanes is very low at low temperature of thermal simulation, while above 360 ℃, high levels of pregnane series compounds and even degraded C 25 and C 26 steranes occur in thermal simulation products.展开更多
In this paper,a bionic mantis shrimp amphibious soft robot based on a dielectric elastomer is proposed to realize highly adaptive underwater multimodal motion.Under the action of an independent actuator,it is not only...In this paper,a bionic mantis shrimp amphibious soft robot based on a dielectric elastomer is proposed to realize highly adaptive underwater multimodal motion.Under the action of an independent actuator,it is not only able to complete forward/backwards motion on land but also has the ability of cyclically controllable transition motion from land to water surface,from water surface to water bottom and from water bottom to land.The fastest speed of the soft robot on land is 170 mm/s,and it can crawl while carrying up to 4.6 times its own weight.The maximum speeds on the water surface and the water bottom are 30 mm/s and 14.4 mm/s,respectively.Furthermore,the soft robot can climb from the water bottom with a 9°slope transition to land.Compared with other similar soft robots,this soft robot has outstanding advantages,such as agile speed,large load-carrying capacity,strong body flexibility,multiple motion modes and strong underwater adaptability.Finally,nonlinear motion models of land crawling and water swimming are proposed to improve the environmental adaptability under multiple modalities,and the correctness of the theoretical model is verified by experiments.展开更多
Different from direct impact damage exerted by limbs of most organisms,mantis shrimps’appendages can carry out ultra-fast,powerful underwater strikes with cavitation superimposed damage to harvest hard-shelled prey.T...Different from direct impact damage exerted by limbs of most organisms,mantis shrimps’appendages can carry out ultra-fast,powerful underwater strikes with cavitation superimposed damage to harvest hard-shelled prey.The power amplification systems and cavitation generation of mantis shrimp have attracted vast attention of researchers.Much effort has been paid to developing mantis shrimp-inspired striking robots;however,none of them are capable of generating cavitation during impacting hard objects yet.In this paper,an underwater striking robot named Shrimpbot was developed to reproduce the cavitation phenomenon when striking hard objects.Shrimpbot incorporates a Latch-Mediated Spring Actuation(LaMSA)to slowly store energy and release it instantaneously.A Diamond-Shaped Four-bar Linkage(DSFL)stretches springs to more effectively store elastic energy by reducing the maximum torque requirement of the motor.This design promised an average power amplification of over 30 times of the motor.Shape optimization and hydrophobic coating on the hammerhead and hand of Shrimpbot helped to reduce the water drag.The accomplished Shrimpbot reached an impact speed of over 12 m/s,at an acceleration of 2×10^(3) m/s^(2),an impact force of more than 1200 N in water,very close to the performance of mantis shrimp.More importantly,cavitation bubbles accompanied with the impacts were observed for the first time in mantis shrimp-inspired robots.Shrimpbot ingeniously employs only one motor to accomplish the striking automatically and repeatedly for practical purposes.Shrimpbot mimics the cavitation generation skills of mantis shrimp,which could facilitate the understanding of its mechanical principles and fluid dynamics of ultra-fast power-amplified systems of mantis shrimp and even those energy storage mechanisms of jumping robots or exoskeleton robots.展开更多
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2017YFE0104400the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.31772852the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)under contract No.2018SDKJ0501-2。
文摘Habitat suitability index(HSI)models have been widely used to analyze the relationship between species abundance and environmental factors,and ultimately inform management of marine species.The response of species abundance to each environmental variable is different and habitat requirements may change over life history stages and seasons.Therefore,it is necessary to determine the optimal combination of environmental variables in HSI modelling.In this study,generalized additive models(GAMs)were used to determine which environmental variables to be included in the HSI models.Significant variables were retained and weighted in the HSI model according to their relative contribution(%)to the total deviation explained by the boosted regression tree(BRT).The HSI models were applied to evaluate the habitat suitability of mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in the Haizhou Bay and adjacent areas in 2011 and 2013–2017.Ontogenetic and seasonal variations in HSI models of mantis shrimp were also examined.Among the four models(non-optimized model,BRT informed HSI model,GAM informed HSI model,and both BRT and GAM informed HSI model),both BRT and GAM informed HSI model showed the best performance.Four environmental variables(bottom temperature,depth,distance offshore and sediment type)were selected in the HSI models for four groups(spring-juvenile,spring-adult,falljuvenile and fall-adult)of mantis shrimp.The distribution of habitat suitability showed similar patterns between juveniles and adults,but obvious seasonal variations were observed.This study suggests that the process of optimizing environmental variables in HSI models improves the performance of HSI models,and this optimization strategy could be extended to other marine organisms to enhance the understanding of the habitat suitability of target species.
文摘The growth, reproductive properties and the variations in total lipids and fatty acids in the gonads and muscle tissue of the mantis shrimp Squilla mantis （Crustacea： Stomatopoda） caught from the gulf of Gabes in Tunisia were studied by sampling carried out between Jan. 2005 and Dec. 2006 to elucidate the importance of these components during sexual maturation. A total of 16,569 specimens were examined. The sex of this species was determined macroscopically and the proportion of females （47.07%） was significantly lower than that of males （52.93%） with a ratio of 1 ：l. 12 （male^female）. The mean total lengths （TL） of the male and female individuals were 142.02 ~： 22.76 mm and 141.45 ＋ 24.37 mm, respectively. Length-weight （TL-W） relationship was estimated as W = 7 ~ l06 TL3 o644 for females and W = 4 ~ 10＂6 TL320o7 for males, being altometrically positive for both sexes. The reproductive season, evaluated from the gonado-somatic index （GS1）, extended from Dec. to July, with a peak in Feb.. The smallest mature female was 93 mm total length. Fifty percent of the females were mature at 147.19 mm total length. The levels of lipid displayed pronounced seasonal fluctuations with the highest value in Feb. and the lowest value in Oct.. Major fatty acids in both gonads and muscle tissue （female and male） were C 14：0, C 16：0, C 18：0, C 18： I n-9, C 18：2n-6, C 18：3n-3, C20：4n-6, C20：5n-3 and C22：6n-3. Significant increases in the levels of saturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids were observed in gonads. The levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids （PUFA）, particularly C20：5n-3, decreased in gonads as ovarian development proceeded. Docosahexaenoic acid （DHA）, linoleic acid （LA） and eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） were the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） in the muscle tissue for both male and female. The highest percentages for EPA and DHA were found in winter and summer season for Squilla mantis in the Gulf of Gabes. The n-3/n
基金Projects(51779226,51476144)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2017C31025)supported by Zhejiang Province Department Public Welfare Industrial Projects,China+1 种基金Project(2016M601736)supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of ChinaProject(1601028C)supported by Postdoctoral Research Funding Plan in Jiangsu Province,China
文摘In order to reduce pressure pulsation of vortex pumps,the mantis shrimp was chosen as biological prototype and a bionic engineering model was developed from its abdominal segment grooves.Bionic mantis shrimp groove volute vortex pump models with different numbers of grooves were developed,and numerical simulation methods were used to calculate the models to study the effects of the volute grooves on the pressure pulsation of a vortex pump.The results show that a bionic groove volute could effectively improve the pressure pulsation of a vortex pump outlet,and reduce the pressure pulsation around the pump’s tongue and other internal points.The pressure pulsation under different conditions is impacted by shaft frequency and blade frequency.The bionic groove structure has little effect on the external characteristics of the pump,but could improve the static pressure,velocity distribution,and vortex structure of the flow field.Additionally,pressure pulsation of the whole vortex pump is reduced.
文摘Cases of imperfect or non-model mimicry are common in plants and animals and challenge intuitive assumptions about the nature of directional selection on mimics. Many non-rewarding flower species do not mimic a particular species, but at- tract pollinators through ＇generalised food deception＇. Some predatory animals also attract pollinators by resembling flowers, perhaps the most well known, yet least well understood, is the orchid mantis Hymenopus coronatus. This praying mantis has been hypothesised to mimic a flower corolla and we have previously shown that it attracts and captures pollinating insects as prey. Predatory pollinator deception is relatively unstudied and whether this occurs through model mimicry or generalised food decep- tion in the orchid mantis is unknown. To test whether the orchid mantis mimics a specific model flower species we investigated similarities between its morphology and that of flowers in its natural habitat in peninsular Malaysia. Geometric morphometrics were used to compare the shape of mantis femoral lobes to flower petals. Physiological vision models were used to compare the colour of mantises and flowers from the perspective of bees, flies and birds. We did not find strong evidence for a specific model flower species for the orchid mantis. The mantis＇ colour and shape varied within the range of that exhibited by many flower pet- als rather than resembling one type in particular. We suggest that the orchid mantis resembles an average, or generalised flower-like stimulus. Thus predatory pollinator deception in the orchid mantis is likely to function as a form of generalised food deception, as opposed to model mimicry .
基金the project 211at China University of Geosciences
文摘A hydrocarbon model of the modern aquatic plant Gloeocapsa and the aquatic animal mantis shrimp was found in thermal simulating experiment. The results show that the modern aquatic plant Gloeocapsa is characterized by late generation, late termination and a long duration of oil generation, while the aquatic animal mantis shrimp is characterized by early generation, early termination and a short duration of oil generation. The nalkanes from Gloeocapsa and mantis shrimp are characterized by peak carbon C 15 -C 17 . With increasing thermal simulating temperature, the peak carbon changes from C 17 to C 15 , and the odd-even predominance of nalkanes becomes less clear. The products from Gloeocapsa contain abundant phenanthrene and naphthalene compounds, and even a little retene, while those from mantis shrimp are dominated by naphthalene compounds, and are poor in phenanthrene compounds. Gloeocapsa and mantis shrimp are rich in C 27 sterane, relatively rich in tricyclic terpanes (C 19 -C 29 ) and hopanes (C 27 -C 35 ), poor in 5α,14β,17β sterane, and coprostane does not disappear until 450 ℃. The tricyclic terpanes in Gloeocapsa are characterized by peak carbon C 23 and C 23 >C 21 , and in mantis shrimp by C 21 and C 21 >C 23 . The content of pregnanes is very low at low temperature of thermal simulation, while above 360 ℃, high levels of pregnane series compounds and even degraded C 25 and C 26 steranes occur in thermal simulation products.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province with Grant No.ZR2019MEE019Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University with Grant No.2019ZRJC006.
文摘In this paper,a bionic mantis shrimp amphibious soft robot based on a dielectric elastomer is proposed to realize highly adaptive underwater multimodal motion.Under the action of an independent actuator,it is not only able to complete forward/backwards motion on land but also has the ability of cyclically controllable transition motion from land to water surface,from water surface to water bottom and from water bottom to land.The fastest speed of the soft robot on land is 170 mm/s,and it can crawl while carrying up to 4.6 times its own weight.The maximum speeds on the water surface and the water bottom are 30 mm/s and 14.4 mm/s,respectively.Furthermore,the soft robot can climb from the water bottom with a 9°slope transition to land.Compared with other similar soft robots,this soft robot has outstanding advantages,such as agile speed,large load-carrying capacity,strong body flexibility,multiple motion modes and strong underwater adaptability.Finally,nonlinear motion models of land crawling and water swimming are proposed to improve the environmental adaptability under multiple modalities,and the correctness of the theoretical model is verified by experiments.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51425502.
文摘Different from direct impact damage exerted by limbs of most organisms,mantis shrimps’appendages can carry out ultra-fast,powerful underwater strikes with cavitation superimposed damage to harvest hard-shelled prey.The power amplification systems and cavitation generation of mantis shrimp have attracted vast attention of researchers.Much effort has been paid to developing mantis shrimp-inspired striking robots;however,none of them are capable of generating cavitation during impacting hard objects yet.In this paper,an underwater striking robot named Shrimpbot was developed to reproduce the cavitation phenomenon when striking hard objects.Shrimpbot incorporates a Latch-Mediated Spring Actuation(LaMSA)to slowly store energy and release it instantaneously.A Diamond-Shaped Four-bar Linkage(DSFL)stretches springs to more effectively store elastic energy by reducing the maximum torque requirement of the motor.This design promised an average power amplification of over 30 times of the motor.Shape optimization and hydrophobic coating on the hammerhead and hand of Shrimpbot helped to reduce the water drag.The accomplished Shrimpbot reached an impact speed of over 12 m/s,at an acceleration of 2×10^(3) m/s^(2),an impact force of more than 1200 N in water,very close to the performance of mantis shrimp.More importantly,cavitation bubbles accompanied with the impacts were observed for the first time in mantis shrimp-inspired robots.Shrimpbot ingeniously employs only one motor to accomplish the striking automatically and repeatedly for practical purposes.Shrimpbot mimics the cavitation generation skills of mantis shrimp,which could facilitate the understanding of its mechanical principles and fluid dynamics of ultra-fast power-amplified systems of mantis shrimp and even those energy storage mechanisms of jumping robots or exoskeleton robots.
