The determination of virtual constraints is always one of the key and difficult problems in traditional mobility calculation. To make mobility calculation simple, considering avoiding virtual constraints, some new for...The determination of virtual constraints is always one of the key and difficult problems in traditional mobility calculation. To make mobility calculation simple, considering avoiding virtual constraints, some new formulae have been presented, however these formulae can hardly intuitively reflect general link group＇s restrictions on output member and its influences on independence of output parameters, which is premise to the judgment of the properties of mobility. Towards the problem to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the degree of freedom（DOF） of a mechanism, the link group, and the dimension of output parameters, also to avoid determination of virtual constraint, based on the new concepts of the ＂DOF of general link group＂ and ＂node parameters＂, a new formula in the calculation of the mobility of mechanisms is presented that is expressed with DOFs of the general link groups and rank of motion parameters of base point of the output link. It is named GOM（mobility of groups and output parameter） formula. On the basis of new concepts of＂effective parameters＂ and ＂invalid parameters＂, a rule is put forward for solving the DOF of mechanisms with invalid parameters by GOM formula, that is, the base point parameters are the subset of effective parameters of link group. Thereafter, several examples are enumerated and the results coincide with the prototype data, which proves the validity of the proposed formula. Meanwhile, it is obtained that the necessary and sufficient condition for the judgment of output parameters independence is that each of the DOF of the link group is not less than zero. The proposed formula which is simple in calculation provides theoretical basis for the judgment of independence of output parameters and provides references for type synthesis of novel parallel mechanisms with independence requirements of their output parameters.展开更多
The estrogens show negative activity in Ames test, but estrodiol and diethylstilbestrol in estrogens both are carcinogens based upon animal experiments and epidemiological investigation. It is concluded from the di-re...The estrogens show negative activity in Ames test, but estrodiol and diethylstilbestrol in estrogens both are carcinogens based upon animal experiments and epidemiological investigation. It is concluded from the di-region theory, a mechanism conception put forward by one of the present authors, that the carcinogenesis of estrogens is switched on by the covalent cross-link between complementary DNA bases induced by them. We verified for the first time by the DNA alkaline elution method that both estrodiol and diethylstilbestrol cause covalent cross-link between DNA-protein and DNA interstrands after metabolic activation with dosage correlation, but neither the non-carcinogens cholesterol nor pyrene can lead to these sorts of cross-link in the same condition. It has been known that there is a synergetic effect between estrogen and pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Although non-carcinogenic pyrene alone cannot induce cross-link, its addition with equal molar quantity to estrodiol culture展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51275438,51005195)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of(Grant No.E2011203214)Development Program of Qinhuangdao City,China(Grant No.201101A069)
文摘The determination of virtual constraints is always one of the key and difficult problems in traditional mobility calculation. To make mobility calculation simple, considering avoiding virtual constraints, some new formulae have been presented, however these formulae can hardly intuitively reflect general link group＇s restrictions on output member and its influences on independence of output parameters, which is premise to the judgment of the properties of mobility. Towards the problem to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the degree of freedom（DOF） of a mechanism, the link group, and the dimension of output parameters, also to avoid determination of virtual constraint, based on the new concepts of the ＂DOF of general link group＂ and ＂node parameters＂, a new formula in the calculation of the mobility of mechanisms is presented that is expressed with DOFs of the general link groups and rank of motion parameters of base point of the output link. It is named GOM（mobility of groups and output parameter） formula. On the basis of new concepts of＂effective parameters＂ and ＂invalid parameters＂, a rule is put forward for solving the DOF of mechanisms with invalid parameters by GOM formula, that is, the base point parameters are the subset of effective parameters of link group. Thereafter, several examples are enumerated and the results coincide with the prototype data, which proves the validity of the proposed formula. Meanwhile, it is obtained that the necessary and sufficient condition for the judgment of output parameters independence is that each of the DOF of the link group is not less than zero. The proposed formula which is simple in calculation provides theoretical basis for the judgment of independence of output parameters and provides references for type synthesis of novel parallel mechanisms with independence requirements of their output parameters.
文摘The estrogens show negative activity in Ames test, but estrodiol and diethylstilbestrol in estrogens both are carcinogens based upon animal experiments and epidemiological investigation. It is concluded from the di-region theory, a mechanism conception put forward by one of the present authors, that the carcinogenesis of estrogens is switched on by the covalent cross-link between complementary DNA bases induced by them. We verified for the first time by the DNA alkaline elution method that both estrodiol and diethylstilbestrol cause covalent cross-link between DNA-protein and DNA interstrands after metabolic activation with dosage correlation, but neither the non-carcinogens cholesterol nor pyrene can lead to these sorts of cross-link in the same condition. It has been known that there is a synergetic effect between estrogen and pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Although non-carcinogenic pyrene alone cannot induce cross-link, its addition with equal molar quantity to estrodiol culture
