OsMADS32 is a monocot specific MIKCc type MADS‐box gene that plays an important role in regulating rice floral meristem and organs identity, a crucial process for reproductive success and rice yield. However, its und...OsMADS32 is a monocot specific MIKCc type MADS‐box gene that plays an important role in regulating rice floral meristem and organs identity, a crucial process for reproductive success and rice yield. However, its underlying mechanism of action remains to be clarified. Here, we characterized a hypomorphic mutant allele of OsMADS32/CFO1, cfo1‐3 and identified its function in controlling rice flower development by bioinformatics and protein‐protein interaction analysis. The cfo1‐3 mutant produces defective flowers, including loss of lodicule identity, formation of ectopic lodicule or hull‐like organs and decreased stamen number, mimicking phenotypes related to the mutation of B class genes. Molecular characterization indicated that mis‐splicing of OsMADS32 transcripts in the cfo1‐3 mutant resulted in an extra eight amino acids in the K‐domain of OsMADS32 protein. By yeast two hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence comple-mentation assays, we revealed that the insertion of eight amino acids or deletion of the internal region in the K1 subdomain of OsMADS32 affects the interaction between OsMADS32 with PISTILLATA （PI）‐like proteins OsMADS2 and OsMADS4. This work provides new insight into the mecha-nism by which OsMADS32 regulates rice lodicule and stamen identity, by interaction with two PI‐like proteins via its K domain.展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONThe observation of domain wall oscillation(DWR) and domain lattice FMR(DR) is one of the most common methods used to study the dynamic behaviors of magnetic domains, especially those in thin films for ...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONThe observation of domain wall oscillation(DWR) and domain lattice FMR(DR) is one of the most common methods used to study the dynamic behaviors of magnetic domains, especially those in thin films for magnetic bubble memories, because it yields the significant information about domain wall structure and damping, which are very展开更多
Protein design has become a powerful method to expand the number of natural proteins and design customized proteins according to demands.Domain-based protein design spares the need to create novel elements from scratc...Protein design has become a powerful method to expand the number of natural proteins and design customized proteins according to demands.Domain-based protein design spares the need to create novel elements from scratch,which makes it a more efficient strategy than scratch-based protein design in designing multi-domain proteins,protein complexes and biomaterials.As the surface shape plays a central role in domain-domain and protein-protein interactions,a global map of the surface shapes of all domains should be very beneficial for domain-based protein design.Therefore,in this study,we characterized the surface shapes of protein domains,collected from CATH and SCOP databases,with their 3D-Zernike descriptors(3DZDs).Then similarities of domain shape features were identified,and all domains were classified accordingly.The preferences of the combinations of domains between different clusters were analyzed in natural proteins from the Protein Data Bank.A user-friendly website,termed CPD3DS,was also developed for storage,retrieval,analyses and visualization of our results.This work not only provides an overall view of protein domain shapes by showing their variety and similarities,but also opens up a new avenue to understand the properties of protein structural domains,and design principles of protein architectures.展开更多
The origin of a high mechanical quality in CuO-doped （K, Na）NbO3-based ceramics is addressed by considering the correlations between the lattice positions of Cu ions and the hardening effect in K0.48Na0.52＋xNbO3-0....The origin of a high mechanical quality in CuO-doped （K, Na）NbO3-based ceramics is addressed by considering the correlations between the lattice positions of Cu ions and the hardening effect in K0.48Na0.52＋xNbO3-0.01CuO ceramics. The Cu ions simultaneously occupy K/Na and Nb sites of these ceramics with x = 0 and 0.02, only occupy the K/Na site of the ceramics with x= -0.02, and mostly form a secondary phase of the ceramics with x = -0.05. The Cu ions lead to the hardening of ceramics with an increase of Ec and Qm by only occupying the K/Na site, together with the formation of double hysteresis loops in un-poled compositions. A defect model is proposed to illuminate the origin of a high Qm value, that is, the domain stabilization is dominated by the content of relatively mobile O2- ions in the ceramics, which has a weak bonding with CUK/Na defects.展开更多
Domain structure often has significant influences on both piezoelectric properties and piezoelectric temperature stability of a ferroelectric ceramic.In-depth studies on the characters of domain structure should be he...Domain structure often has significant influences on both piezoelectric properties and piezoelectric temperature stability of a ferroelectric ceramic.In-depth studies on the characters of domain structure should be helpful for the better understanding of piezoelectric performance.In this work,the evolution of domain structure in large-d_(33)0.96(K_(0.48)Na_(0.52))(Nb_(0.96)Sb_(0.04))O_(3)-0.04(Bi_(0.50)Na_(0.50))ZrO_(3) ceramics with poling and temperature was systematically investigated via comparing the various domain patterns that are obtained by acid-etching.It was found that domain structure changes greatly upon poling and varies largely with temperature.Complex domain patterns consisting of long narrow parallel stripes or herringbone structure separated by 180°domain boundaries are observed in the unpoled ceramics at room temperature.Domain patterns become less complicated upon poling,due to the collective polarization reversals of parallel-stripe domain clusters and banded fine-stripe domain segments.Parallel stripes and herringbone bands become much wider upon poling,as some narrow stripes and herringbone bands coalesce into broad ones,respectively.Hierarchical domain structure is commonly seen in the domain patterns acid-etched at room temperature,but is less frequently recognized at elevated temperatures.Schematic models of domain configurations were proposed to explain the domain structure and its evolution with poling.展开更多
We present an effective denoising strategy for two-way wave equation migration. Three dominant artifact types are analyzed and eliminated by an optimized imaging condition. We discuss a previously unsolved beam-like a...We present an effective denoising strategy for two-way wave equation migration. Three dominant artifact types are analyzed and eliminated by an optimized imaging condition. We discuss a previously unsolved beam-like artifact, which is probably caused by the cross-correlation of downward transmitting and upward scattering waves from both the source and receiver side of a single seismic shot. This artifact has relatively strong cross- correlation but carries no useful information from reflectors. The beam-like artifact widely exists in pre-stack imaging and has approximately the same amplitude as useful seismic signals. In most cases, coherent artifacts in the image are caused by directionally propagating energy. Based on propagation angles obtained by wavefield gradients, we identify the artifact energy and subtract its contribution in the imaging condition. By this process most artifacts can be accurately eliminated, including direct wave artifacts, scattering artifacts, and beam- like artifacts. This method is independent of the wavefield propagator and is easy to adapt to almost all current wave equation migration methods if needed. As this method deals with the physical artifact origins, little damage is caused to the seismic signal. Extra k-domain filtering can additionally enhance the stacking result image quality. This method succeeds in the super-wide-angle one-way migration and we can expect its success in other two-way wave equation migrations and especially in reverse time migration.展开更多
基金supported by the Funds from National Natural Science Foundation of China (30971739,31270222,31230051,and J1210047)Key Project on Basic Research from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (14JC1403900)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (13ZZ018)
文摘OsMADS32 is a monocot specific MIKCc type MADS‐box gene that plays an important role in regulating rice floral meristem and organs identity, a crucial process for reproductive success and rice yield. However, its underlying mechanism of action remains to be clarified. Here, we characterized a hypomorphic mutant allele of OsMADS32/CFO1, cfo1‐3 and identified its function in controlling rice flower development by bioinformatics and protein‐protein interaction analysis. The cfo1‐3 mutant produces defective flowers, including loss of lodicule identity, formation of ectopic lodicule or hull‐like organs and decreased stamen number, mimicking phenotypes related to the mutation of B class genes. Molecular characterization indicated that mis‐splicing of OsMADS32 transcripts in the cfo1‐3 mutant resulted in an extra eight amino acids in the K‐domain of OsMADS32 protein. By yeast two hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence comple-mentation assays, we revealed that the insertion of eight amino acids or deletion of the internal region in the K1 subdomain of OsMADS32 affects the interaction between OsMADS32 with PISTILLATA （PI）‐like proteins OsMADS2 and OsMADS4. This work provides new insight into the mecha-nism by which OsMADS32 regulates rice lodicule and stamen identity, by interaction with two PI‐like proteins via its K domain.
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONThe observation of domain wall oscillation(DWR) and domain lattice FMR(DR) is one of the most common methods used to study the dynamic behaviors of magnetic domains, especially those in thin films for magnetic bubble memories, because it yields the significant information about domain wall structure and damping, which are very
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31971176 and 31800616)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.A03018023601045).
文摘Protein design has become a powerful method to expand the number of natural proteins and design customized proteins according to demands.Domain-based protein design spares the need to create novel elements from scratch,which makes it a more efficient strategy than scratch-based protein design in designing multi-domain proteins,protein complexes and biomaterials.As the surface shape plays a central role in domain-domain and protein-protein interactions,a global map of the surface shapes of all domains should be very beneficial for domain-based protein design.Therefore,in this study,we characterized the surface shapes of protein domains,collected from CATH and SCOP databases,with their 3D-Zernike descriptors(3DZDs).Then similarities of domain shape features were identified,and all domains were classified accordingly.The preferences of the combinations of domains between different clusters were analyzed in natural proteins from the Protein Data Bank.A user-friendly website,termed CPD3DS,was also developed for storage,retrieval,analyses and visualization of our results.This work not only provides an overall view of protein domain shapes by showing their variety and similarities,but also opens up a new avenue to understand the properties of protein structural domains,and design principles of protein architectures.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC Grant Nos. 11305152, 51272164, 50772068 and 50972095） and Foundation of Doctor Training Program in University and College in China （Grant Nos. 20030610035 and 20080610020）.
文摘The origin of a high mechanical quality in CuO-doped （K, Na）NbO3-based ceramics is addressed by considering the correlations between the lattice positions of Cu ions and the hardening effect in K0.48Na0.52＋xNbO3-0.01CuO ceramics. The Cu ions simultaneously occupy K/Na and Nb sites of these ceramics with x = 0 and 0.02, only occupy the K/Na site of the ceramics with x= -0.02, and mostly form a secondary phase of the ceramics with x = -0.05. The Cu ions lead to the hardening of ceramics with an increase of Ec and Qm by only occupying the K/Na site, together with the formation of double hysteresis loops in un-poled compositions. A defect model is proposed to illuminate the origin of a high Qm value, that is, the domain stabilization is dominated by the content of relatively mobile O2- ions in the ceramics, which has a weak bonding with CUK/Na defects.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51972196)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grants No.ZR2019MEM07).
文摘Domain structure often has significant influences on both piezoelectric properties and piezoelectric temperature stability of a ferroelectric ceramic.In-depth studies on the characters of domain structure should be helpful for the better understanding of piezoelectric performance.In this work,the evolution of domain structure in large-d_(33)0.96(K_(0.48)Na_(0.52))(Nb_(0.96)Sb_(0.04))O_(3)-0.04(Bi_(0.50)Na_(0.50))ZrO_(3) ceramics with poling and temperature was systematically investigated via comparing the various domain patterns that are obtained by acid-etching.It was found that domain structure changes greatly upon poling and varies largely with temperature.Complex domain patterns consisting of long narrow parallel stripes or herringbone structure separated by 180°domain boundaries are observed in the unpoled ceramics at room temperature.Domain patterns become less complicated upon poling,due to the collective polarization reversals of parallel-stripe domain clusters and banded fine-stripe domain segments.Parallel stripes and herringbone bands become much wider upon poling,as some narrow stripes and herringbone bands coalesce into broad ones,respectively.Hierarchical domain structure is commonly seen in the domain patterns acid-etched at room temperature,but is less frequently recognized at elevated temperatures.Schematic models of domain configurations were proposed to explain the domain structure and its evolution with poling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41004045)Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-EW-QN503)
文摘We present an effective denoising strategy for two-way wave equation migration. Three dominant artifact types are analyzed and eliminated by an optimized imaging condition. We discuss a previously unsolved beam-like artifact, which is probably caused by the cross-correlation of downward transmitting and upward scattering waves from both the source and receiver side of a single seismic shot. This artifact has relatively strong cross- correlation but carries no useful information from reflectors. The beam-like artifact widely exists in pre-stack imaging and has approximately the same amplitude as useful seismic signals. In most cases, coherent artifacts in the image are caused by directionally propagating energy. Based on propagation angles obtained by wavefield gradients, we identify the artifact energy and subtract its contribution in the imaging condition. By this process most artifacts can be accurately eliminated, including direct wave artifacts, scattering artifacts, and beam- like artifacts. This method is independent of the wavefield propagator and is easy to adapt to almost all current wave equation migration methods if needed. As this method deals with the physical artifact origins, little damage is caused to the seismic signal. Extra k-domain filtering can additionally enhance the stacking result image quality. This method succeeds in the super-wide-angle one-way migration and we can expect its success in other two-way wave equation migrations and especially in reverse time migration.
