We conducted a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the evolution of China’s industrial structure and environmental change. Using the industrial structure characteristic bias index and data from 29 manuf...We conducted a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the evolution of China’s industrial structure and environmental change. Using the industrial structure characteristic bias index and data from 29 manufacturing industries in each province from 1995 to 2010, we described the impact of pollution-emission characteristics of industry structure on the regional environment. The results show that wastewater-discharged characteristic of industrial structure in the northwest and central areas declined from 1995-2010, but this trend has weakened. The industrial structure of southwest and southeast areas had a high level of solid waste discharge and a constantly strengthening trend in SO2 emissions. We also analyzed the growth and recession of each sector in eight regions in China from 1995 to 2010. Among the eight regions, the middle reach of the Yel ow River, and northwest and southwest China had a clear increasing trend of high pol ution industries;the eastern coast, southern coast, middle reach of the Yangtze River and northeastern China did not sustain an increase in high pollution industries. In addition, regression analysis modeling was used to analyze the impact of the evolution of industrial structure on the disparities of regional environmental effects. We found that regional industry structure was closely related to environmental quality, especially for western areas at lower stages of economic development. In the future, all regions must prevent and forefend the risk of environmental pollution in the update and adjustment of industrial structure.展开更多
Employing decoupling index and industrial structure characteristic bias index methods, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of industrial structure transformations and their resulting carbon emissi...Employing decoupling index and industrial structure characteristic bias index methods, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of industrial structure transformations and their resulting carbon emissions in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area from 2000 to 2014, with a focus on their relationships and driving factors. Our research indicates that carbon emission intensity from industrial structures in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area at first showed an increasing trend, which then decreased. Furthermore, the relationship between emissions and industrial economic growth has been trending toward absolute decoupling. From the perspective of the center-periphery, the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area formed a concentric pattern, where both progress towards low emissions and the level of technological advancement gradually diminished from the center to the periphery. In terms of variation across provinces, the ISCB index in the eastern Henan has decreased the slowest, followed by the southern Shandong and the northern Anhui, with the northern Jiangsu ranking last. During this period, resource-and labor-intensive industries were the primary growth industries in the northern Anhui and the eastern Henan, while labor-intensive industries dominated the southern Shandong and capital-intensive industries dominated the northern Jiangsu. In terms of city types, the spatial pattern for industrial structure indicates that recession resource-based cities had higher carbon emission intensities than mature resource-based cities, followed by non-resource-based cities and regenerative resource-based cities. Generally, the industrial structure in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area has transformed from being resource-intensive to capital-intensive, and has been trending toward technology-intensive as resource availability has been exploited to exhaustion and then been regenerated. Industrial structure has been the leading factor causing heterogeneity of carbon emission intensities between metropolitan cities. Therefore, the key to optimizing the 展开更多
BACKGROUND Non-invasive criteria are needed for Crohn’s disease(CD)diagnosis,with several biomarkers being tested.Results of individual diagnostic test accuracy studies assessing the diagnostic value of pancreatic au...BACKGROUND Non-invasive criteria are needed for Crohn’s disease(CD)diagnosis,with several biomarkers being tested.Results of individual diagnostic test accuracy studies assessing the diagnostic value of pancreatic autoantibodies-to-glycoprotein-2(anti-GP2)tests for the diagnosis of CD appear promising.AIM To systematically review and meta-analyze evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of anti-GP2 tests in patients with suspected/confirmed CD.METHODS An electronic search was conducted on PubMed,Cochrane-CENTRAL and grey literature(CRD42019125947).The structured research question in PICPTR format was“Population”including patients with symptoms akin to CD,the“Index test”being anti-GP2 testing,the“Comparator”involved standard CD diagnosis,the“Purpose of test”being diagnostic,“Target disorder”was CD,and the“Reference standard”included standard clinical,radiological,endoscopical,and histological CD diagnostic criteria.Quality was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool and hierarchical models were employed to synthesize the data.RESULTS Out of 722 studies retrieved,15 were meta-analyzed.Thirteen studies had industry-related conflicts-of-interest,and most included healthy donors as controls(spectrum bias).For the combination of IgA and/or IgG anti-GP2 test,the summary sensitivity was 20%(95%confidence interval:10%-29%)at a median specificity of 97%.If the test was applied in 10000 suspected patients,9669 would be true negatives and in 26,the diagnosis would be missed.In this hypothetical cohort,the anti-GP2 would fail to produce a diagnosis for 81.3%of the positive cases.Low summary points of sensitivity and high specificity were estimated for the IgG or IgA anti-GP2 test.Analogous results were observed when the analyses were restricted using specific cut-offs,or when ulcerative colitis patients were used as comparators.CONCLUSION Anti-GP2 tests demonstrate low sensitivity and high specificity.These results indicate that caution is required before relying on its 展开更多
Understanding of the constitution of client involved decisions is important for future improvements of the processes. Significant decisions in construction projects are reliant on heuristic processes where assumptions...Understanding of the constitution of client involved decisions is important for future improvements of the processes. Significant decisions in construction projects are reliant on heuristic processes where assumptions are developed from past experience. The paper presents a methodology to collect empirical data in an unstructured manner utilizing participant intuition and experience regarding project level collaboration, a term easily understood by practitioners. Empirical data collected from 6 focus group discussions in Norway and 18 individual interviews in Finland is associated with biases in decision making aimed at bridging the gap of understanding and literature's insufficient coverage. An analytic framework was developed to suit the diverse emergence of concepts to allow application of psychological principles in a structured manner to empirical data. The paper contributes by identifying types of cognitive and motivational biases in client involved decisions. The biases are found to be alleviated by one another depending on the particular application of the decision. Findings suggest that normative beliefs exist developed from past experience and habitual thinking. A number of emerged biases in this domain are alleviated from normative beliefs which are discussed in this paper.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41271556)
文摘We conducted a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the evolution of China’s industrial structure and environmental change. Using the industrial structure characteristic bias index and data from 29 manufacturing industries in each province from 1995 to 2010, we described the impact of pollution-emission characteristics of industry structure on the regional environment. The results show that wastewater-discharged characteristic of industrial structure in the northwest and central areas declined from 1995-2010, but this trend has weakened. The industrial structure of southwest and southeast areas had a high level of solid waste discharge and a constantly strengthening trend in SO2 emissions. We also analyzed the growth and recession of each sector in eight regions in China from 1995 to 2010. Among the eight regions, the middle reach of the Yel ow River, and northwest and southwest China had a clear increasing trend of high pol ution industries;the eastern coast, southern coast, middle reach of the Yangtze River and northeastern China did not sustain an increase in high pollution industries. In addition, regression analysis modeling was used to analyze the impact of the evolution of industrial structure on the disparities of regional environmental effects. We found that regional industry structure was closely related to environmental quality, especially for western areas at lower stages of economic development. In the future, all regions must prevent and forefend the risk of environmental pollution in the update and adjustment of industrial structure.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41371146,41671123)National Social Science Foundation of China(No.13BJY067)
文摘Employing decoupling index and industrial structure characteristic bias index methods, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of industrial structure transformations and their resulting carbon emissions in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area from 2000 to 2014, with a focus on their relationships and driving factors. Our research indicates that carbon emission intensity from industrial structures in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area at first showed an increasing trend, which then decreased. Furthermore, the relationship between emissions and industrial economic growth has been trending toward absolute decoupling. From the perspective of the center-periphery, the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area formed a concentric pattern, where both progress towards low emissions and the level of technological advancement gradually diminished from the center to the periphery. In terms of variation across provinces, the ISCB index in the eastern Henan has decreased the slowest, followed by the southern Shandong and the northern Anhui, with the northern Jiangsu ranking last. During this period, resource-and labor-intensive industries were the primary growth industries in the northern Anhui and the eastern Henan, while labor-intensive industries dominated the southern Shandong and capital-intensive industries dominated the northern Jiangsu. In terms of city types, the spatial pattern for industrial structure indicates that recession resource-based cities had higher carbon emission intensities than mature resource-based cities, followed by non-resource-based cities and regenerative resource-based cities. Generally, the industrial structure in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area has transformed from being resource-intensive to capital-intensive, and has been trending toward technology-intensive as resource availability has been exploited to exhaustion and then been regenerated. Industrial structure has been the leading factor causing heterogeneity of carbon emission intensities between metropolitan cities. Therefore, the key to optimizing the
文摘BACKGROUND Non-invasive criteria are needed for Crohn’s disease(CD)diagnosis,with several biomarkers being tested.Results of individual diagnostic test accuracy studies assessing the diagnostic value of pancreatic autoantibodies-to-glycoprotein-2(anti-GP2)tests for the diagnosis of CD appear promising.AIM To systematically review and meta-analyze evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of anti-GP2 tests in patients with suspected/confirmed CD.METHODS An electronic search was conducted on PubMed,Cochrane-CENTRAL and grey literature(CRD42019125947).The structured research question in PICPTR format was“Population”including patients with symptoms akin to CD,the“Index test”being anti-GP2 testing,the“Comparator”involved standard CD diagnosis,the“Purpose of test”being diagnostic,“Target disorder”was CD,and the“Reference standard”included standard clinical,radiological,endoscopical,and histological CD diagnostic criteria.Quality was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool and hierarchical models were employed to synthesize the data.RESULTS Out of 722 studies retrieved,15 were meta-analyzed.Thirteen studies had industry-related conflicts-of-interest,and most included healthy donors as controls(spectrum bias).For the combination of IgA and/or IgG anti-GP2 test,the summary sensitivity was 20%(95%confidence interval:10%-29%)at a median specificity of 97%.If the test was applied in 10000 suspected patients,9669 would be true negatives and in 26,the diagnosis would be missed.In this hypothetical cohort,the anti-GP2 would fail to produce a diagnosis for 81.3%of the positive cases.Low summary points of sensitivity and high specificity were estimated for the IgG or IgA anti-GP2 test.Analogous results were observed when the analyses were restricted using specific cut-offs,or when ulcerative colitis patients were used as comparators.CONCLUSION Anti-GP2 tests demonstrate low sensitivity and high specificity.These results indicate that caution is required before relying on its
文摘Understanding of the constitution of client involved decisions is important for future improvements of the processes. Significant decisions in construction projects are reliant on heuristic processes where assumptions are developed from past experience. The paper presents a methodology to collect empirical data in an unstructured manner utilizing participant intuition and experience regarding project level collaboration, a term easily understood by practitioners. Empirical data collected from 6 focus group discussions in Norway and 18 individual interviews in Finland is associated with biases in decision making aimed at bridging the gap of understanding and literature's insufficient coverage. An analytic framework was developed to suit the diverse emergence of concepts to allow application of psychological principles in a structured manner to empirical data. The paper contributes by identifying types of cognitive and motivational biases in client involved decisions. The biases are found to be alleviated by one another depending on the particular application of the decision. Findings suggest that normative beliefs exist developed from past experience and habitual thinking. A number of emerged biases in this domain are alleviated from normative beliefs which are discussed in this paper.
