The opening of the Panama Canal in 1913 transformed ocean-shipping and the availability of internationally-traded goods, shortened travel time between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, increased ship tonnage, and spark...The opening of the Panama Canal in 1913 transformed ocean-shipping and the availability of internationally-traded goods, shortened travel time between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, increased ship tonnage, and sparked the growth of port authorities on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the Panama Canal. Historically, the United States was number one and China was number two in tons of cargo that pass through the canal annually in the high stakes game of import and export markets. Prior to the construction of the Panama Canal, the most efficient way to cross the 82-kilometer isthmus, between the Port of Panama City on the Pacific and the Port of Colon on the Atlantic, was by mule trails through tropical forests and river transportation. Since the construction of the Panama Canal through tropical forests in the 1910s, pesticides have been essential for managing mosquitoes as well as controlling wetland vegetation that blocked lakes, rivers and the canal. The pri<span>mary objective of this research study is to document the long-term environmental impacts of pesticide and herbicide use in the Panama Canal Zone. Many of these chemicals, including 2, 4,-D, 2, 4, 5-T and DDT, have a long half-life under water and some, like arsenic (As), have no half-life. Pesticides </span>and chemicals flowed into Lake Gatun via surface runoff either in solution or attached to the sediment during the rainy season. The by-product 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin (TCDD) is an unanticipated contaminant created during the manufacture of the herbicide 2,4,5-T. TCDD can bio-accumulate in fish and birds and enter into the human food supply. The extent of the current chemical and pesticide contamination on former U.S. military base grounds and in Lake Gatun is unknown. Systematic soil sampling of current and former military bases, chemical disposal sites and Lake Gatun or the Panama Canal sediments is needed to determine if mitigation is necessary.展开更多
Accurate prediction of sonic boom is one of key challenges for the design of a low-boom supersonic aircraft. For most of available far-field prediction methods, the effect of atmospheric turbulence appearing in the pl...Accurate prediction of sonic boom is one of key challenges for the design of a low-boom supersonic aircraft. For most of available far-field prediction methods, the effect of atmospheric turbulence appearing in the planetary boundary layer cannot be considered, which results in remarkable inaccuracy of predicting ground-level sonic boom waveform. Although some efforts have been made to overcome the shortcoming, the turbulence effects are not yet well described so far. This article proposes an improved method by extending the two-dimensional Heterogeneous One-Way Approximation for the Resolution of Diffraction(HOWARD) equation to account for the axial and transverse convections of wind fluctuation as well as the effect of temperature fluctuation. The proposed method is validated by comparing the predictions with the flight-test data of JAXA D-SEND#1 LBM, which shows that the result of the proposed method is in better agreement with the flight-test data than that of the method without considering atmospheric turbulence effects.Then, distortion mechanism of sonic boom waveforms caused by atmospheric turbulence is analyzed by using the proposed method. It is indicated that the effect of turbulent convection makes uniform sonic-boom wavefronts irregular, which creates the condition of diffraction effect to perturb waveforms. Finally, the proposed method is applied to investigate the behavior of two types of waveforms given by the sonic boom minimization theory. Results show that a far-field waveform with a weaker initial shock is more beneficial for low-boom design of a supersonic aircraft.展开更多
Since the beginning of 21 th century, promoting culture export and spreading Chinese culture have become the top priorityof China. As the main carrier of culture, excellent literary works become the best choice for Ch...Since the beginning of 21 th century, promoting culture export and spreading Chinese culture have become the top priorityof China. As the main carrier of culture, excellent literary works become the best choice for Chinese culture"going out". The trans-lation of folk culture in Tale of Hulan River translated by Howard Goldblatt is analyzed from the perspective of deconstructionismwith an aim to give other translators some inspiration and enlightenment on translation of Chinese culture.展开更多
This research seeks to provide a descriptive study of the English translation of the breakthrough Chinese novel Red Sorghum by Mo Yan. The novel is a prime example for the research into strategies and norms in transla...This research seeks to provide a descriptive study of the English translation of the breakthrough Chinese novel Red Sorghum by Mo Yan. The novel is a prime example for the research into strategies and norms in translation within a Chinese-English framework for three main reasons. Firstly, due to the huge impact the novel has had in terms of its truth-telling about the Sino-Japanese War(1937 – 1945) in China. Secondly, because of Mo Yan's unique non-linear writing style, and thirdly for the fact that the novel was translated by Howard Goldblatt, who is an American native English speaker, which is fairly rare in terms of ChineseEnglish translations. This research seeks not only to provide a descriptive study of Howard Goldblatt's English translation of the breakthrough Chinese novel but also to explore the strategies he employs during the translation process. An investigation is carried out to determine whether Goldblatt makes use of particular translation strategies and follows these approaches throughout the novel, thereby creating certain translational norms. Through primary research into the novel one would find that this is in fact the case. For example, he makes use of a domesticating approach in terms of translating Chinese cultural items, phrases, or terms. However, it is only through more in-depth research and a close comparison of the source and target texts, that one finds that Goldblatt does not in fact follow similar strategies in every instance but uses them sporadically throughout the novel according to the context or message that must be carried across. These discoveries are significant in that they are not entirely what is expected nor what is initially found by other scholars.Finally, the results of this research along with the descriptive study of the translation of Red Sorghum and the investigations into the translation strategies and norms at play during the translation process allow for better understanding of the translation process. Furthermore, the results show evidence that strategies ca展开更多
This note establishes a pair of exponential generating functions for generalized Eulerian polynomials and Eulerian fractions, respectively. A kind of recurrence relation is obtained for the Eulerian fractions. Finally...This note establishes a pair of exponential generating functions for generalized Eulerian polynomials and Eulerian fractions, respectively. A kind of recurrence relation is obtained for the Eulerian fractions. Finally, a short proof of a certain summarion formula is given展开更多
In 2012,Moyan won the Nobel Prize for literature to which the media and the scholars paid great attention.The translations of his works by Howard Goldblatt were also caught great attention.Howard Goldblatt was believe...In 2012,Moyan won the Nobel Prize for literature to which the media and the scholars paid great attention.The translations of his works by Howard Goldblatt were also caught great attention.Howard Goldblatt was believed to help Moyan win the Nobel Prize.Based on this,it is necessary to study translation thoughts of Howard Goldblatt,which will provide some references for Chinese literature translations.展开更多
The culture is a crucial source of national cohesion and creativity,and the cultural soft power reflects the comprehensive national strength of the country.Chinese culture“Going Out”strategy aims to bring Chinese cu...The culture is a crucial source of national cohesion and creativity,and the cultural soft power reflects the comprehensive national strength of the country.Chinese culture“Going Out”strategy aims to bring Chinese culture to the whole world,and to improve Chinese people cultural confidence and Chinese cultural soft power.Literary translation is an important way to spread Chinese culture to the world,and this article explores the characteristics of Howard Goldblatt’s translation of Red Sorghum from the perspective of Chinese culture“Going Out”to gain enlightenment on Chinese literary translation to bring Chinese culture to the world.展开更多
It is shown that Howard＇s degenerate weighted Stirling numbers can be used to construct a fruitful summation formula for a class of formal power series involving generalized factorials.This is achieved with the aid o...It is shown that Howard＇s degenerate weighted Stirling numbers can be used to construct a fruitful summation formula for a class of formal power series involving generalized factorials.This is achieved with the aid of a series-transformation formula due to He,Hsu and Shiue,and several identities involving generalized Stirling numbers and Bell numbers are given to illustrate the application of the formula obtained.展开更多
This essay examines an American 19th-century sculpture, Howard Roberts＇ Hypatia, both historically and aesthetically （see Figures 1 and 2）. Problems of interpretation are found at both levels because of limited doc...This essay examines an American 19th-century sculpture, Howard Roberts＇ Hypatia, both historically and aesthetically （see Figures 1 and 2）. Problems of interpretation are found at both levels because of limited documentation. However, a speculative analysis adapting Plotinus＇ notions on the ＂delight of the intellect＂ and of ＂seeing＂ assist in considering beauty in the carved form, even if the subject is grave. What prompted this commission and who commissioned this work are questions to be considered.展开更多
文摘The opening of the Panama Canal in 1913 transformed ocean-shipping and the availability of internationally-traded goods, shortened travel time between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, increased ship tonnage, and sparked the growth of port authorities on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the Panama Canal. Historically, the United States was number one and China was number two in tons of cargo that pass through the canal annually in the high stakes game of import and export markets. Prior to the construction of the Panama Canal, the most efficient way to cross the 82-kilometer isthmus, between the Port of Panama City on the Pacific and the Port of Colon on the Atlantic, was by mule trails through tropical forests and river transportation. Since the construction of the Panama Canal through tropical forests in the 1910s, pesticides have been essential for managing mosquitoes as well as controlling wetland vegetation that blocked lakes, rivers and the canal. The pri<span>mary objective of this research study is to document the long-term environmental impacts of pesticide and herbicide use in the Panama Canal Zone. Many of these chemicals, including 2, 4,-D, 2, 4, 5-T and DDT, have a long half-life under water and some, like arsenic (As), have no half-life. Pesticides </span>and chemicals flowed into Lake Gatun via surface runoff either in solution or attached to the sediment during the rainy season. The by-product 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin (TCDD) is an unanticipated contaminant created during the manufacture of the herbicide 2,4,5-T. TCDD can bio-accumulate in fish and birds and enter into the human food supply. The extent of the current chemical and pesticide contamination on former U.S. military base grounds and in Lake Gatun is unknown. Systematic soil sampling of current and former military bases, chemical disposal sites and Lake Gatun or the Panama Canal sediments is needed to determine if mitigation is necessary.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20B2007,11972305)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2019ZA053004)+1 种基金the Shaanxi Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2020JC-13)the“111”Project of China(No.B17037)。
文摘Accurate prediction of sonic boom is one of key challenges for the design of a low-boom supersonic aircraft. For most of available far-field prediction methods, the effect of atmospheric turbulence appearing in the planetary boundary layer cannot be considered, which results in remarkable inaccuracy of predicting ground-level sonic boom waveform. Although some efforts have been made to overcome the shortcoming, the turbulence effects are not yet well described so far. This article proposes an improved method by extending the two-dimensional Heterogeneous One-Way Approximation for the Resolution of Diffraction(HOWARD) equation to account for the axial and transverse convections of wind fluctuation as well as the effect of temperature fluctuation. The proposed method is validated by comparing the predictions with the flight-test data of JAXA D-SEND#1 LBM, which shows that the result of the proposed method is in better agreement with the flight-test data than that of the method without considering atmospheric turbulence effects.Then, distortion mechanism of sonic boom waveforms caused by atmospheric turbulence is analyzed by using the proposed method. It is indicated that the effect of turbulent convection makes uniform sonic-boom wavefronts irregular, which creates the condition of diffraction effect to perturb waveforms. Finally, the proposed method is applied to investigate the behavior of two types of waveforms given by the sonic boom minimization theory. Results show that a far-field waveform with a weaker initial shock is more beneficial for low-boom design of a supersonic aircraft.
文摘Since the beginning of 21 th century, promoting culture export and spreading Chinese culture have become the top priorityof China. As the main carrier of culture, excellent literary works become the best choice for Chinese culture"going out". The trans-lation of folk culture in Tale of Hulan River translated by Howard Goldblatt is analyzed from the perspective of deconstructionismwith an aim to give other translators some inspiration and enlightenment on translation of Chinese culture.
文摘This research seeks to provide a descriptive study of the English translation of the breakthrough Chinese novel Red Sorghum by Mo Yan. The novel is a prime example for the research into strategies and norms in translation within a Chinese-English framework for three main reasons. Firstly, due to the huge impact the novel has had in terms of its truth-telling about the Sino-Japanese War(1937 – 1945) in China. Secondly, because of Mo Yan's unique non-linear writing style, and thirdly for the fact that the novel was translated by Howard Goldblatt, who is an American native English speaker, which is fairly rare in terms of ChineseEnglish translations. This research seeks not only to provide a descriptive study of Howard Goldblatt's English translation of the breakthrough Chinese novel but also to explore the strategies he employs during the translation process. An investigation is carried out to determine whether Goldblatt makes use of particular translation strategies and follows these approaches throughout the novel, thereby creating certain translational norms. Through primary research into the novel one would find that this is in fact the case. For example, he makes use of a domesticating approach in terms of translating Chinese cultural items, phrases, or terms. However, it is only through more in-depth research and a close comparison of the source and target texts, that one finds that Goldblatt does not in fact follow similar strategies in every instance but uses them sporadically throughout the novel according to the context or message that must be carried across. These discoveries are significant in that they are not entirely what is expected nor what is initially found by other scholars.Finally, the results of this research along with the descriptive study of the translation of Red Sorghum and the investigations into the translation strategies and norms at play during the translation process allow for better understanding of the translation process. Furthermore, the results show evidence that strategies ca
文摘This note establishes a pair of exponential generating functions for generalized Eulerian polynomials and Eulerian fractions, respectively. A kind of recurrence relation is obtained for the Eulerian fractions. Finally, a short proof of a certain summarion formula is given
文摘In 2012,Moyan won the Nobel Prize for literature to which the media and the scholars paid great attention.The translations of his works by Howard Goldblatt were also caught great attention.Howard Goldblatt was believed to help Moyan win the Nobel Prize.Based on this,it is necessary to study translation thoughts of Howard Goldblatt,which will provide some references for Chinese literature translations.
文摘The culture is a crucial source of national cohesion and creativity,and the cultural soft power reflects the comprehensive national strength of the country.Chinese culture“Going Out”strategy aims to bring Chinese culture to the whole world,and to improve Chinese people cultural confidence and Chinese cultural soft power.Literary translation is an important way to spread Chinese culture to the world,and this article explores the characteristics of Howard Goldblatt’s translation of Red Sorghum from the perspective of Chinese culture“Going Out”to gain enlightenment on Chinese literary translation to bring Chinese culture to the world.
文摘It is shown that Howard＇s degenerate weighted Stirling numbers can be used to construct a fruitful summation formula for a class of formal power series involving generalized factorials.This is achieved with the aid of a series-transformation formula due to He,Hsu and Shiue,and several identities involving generalized Stirling numbers and Bell numbers are given to illustrate the application of the formula obtained.
文摘This essay examines an American 19th-century sculpture, Howard Roberts＇ Hypatia, both historically and aesthetically （see Figures 1 and 2）. Problems of interpretation are found at both levels because of limited documentation. However, a speculative analysis adapting Plotinus＇ notions on the ＂delight of the intellect＂ and of ＂seeing＂ assist in considering beauty in the carved form, even if the subject is grave. What prompted this commission and who commissioned this work are questions to be considered.
