Studies performed in experimental small animalswith hepatic-based metabolic disorders but nostructural liver disease,including Gunn andanalbuminaemic rats and rabbits with inherited low-density lipoprotein receptor de...Studies performed in experimental small animalswith hepatic-based metabolic disorders but nostructural liver disease,including Gunn andanalbuminaemic rats and rabbits with inherited low-density lipoprotein receptor deficiency,have shownthat up to 95% of hepatocytes transplanted into thespleen or liver remain in these sites,withimprovement in metabolic function展开更多
BackgroundGrowth differentiation factor （GDF）-15, a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta super-family does appear to be up-regulated in response to experimental pressure overload and progression o...BackgroundGrowth differentiation factor （GDF）-15, a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta super-family does appear to be up-regulated in response to experimental pressure overload and progression of heart failure （HF）. HF frequently develops after myocardial infarction （MI）, contributing to worse outcome. The aim of this study is to assess the correlation between GDF-15 levels and markers related to collagen turnover in different stages of HF.MethodsThe study consists of a cohort of 179 patients, including stable angina pectoris patients （AP group,n= 50）, old MI patients without HF （OMI group,n = 56）, old MI patients with HF （OMI-HF group,n= 38） and normal Control group （n = 35）. Both indicators reflecting the synthesis and degradation rates of collagen including precollagen I N-terminal peptide （PINP）, type I collagen carboxy-terminal peptide （ICTP）, precollagen III N-terminal peptide （PIIINP） and GDF-15 were measured using an enzyme-linked inmunosorbent assay.ResultsThe plasma GDF-15 level was higher in OMI-HF group （1373.4 ± 275.4 ng/L） than OMI group （1036.1 ± 248.6 ng/L）, AP group （784.6 ± 222.4 ng/L） and Control group （483.8 ± 186.4 ng/L） （P〈 0.001）. The indi-cators of collagen turnover （ICTP, PINP, PIIINP） all increased in the OMI-HF group compared with Control group （3.03 ± 1.02μg/Lvs. 2.08 ± 0.95μg/L, 22.2 ± 6.6μg/Lvs. 16.7 ± 5.1μg/L and 13.2 ± 7.9μg/Lvs. 6.4 ± 2.1μg/L, respectively;P〈 0.01）. GDF-15 positively cor-related with ICTP and PIIINP （r = 0.302,P〈 0.001 andr= 0.206,P= 0.006, respectively）. GDF-15 positively correlated to the echocardio-graphic diastolic indicators E/Em and left atrial pressure （r= 0.349 and r= 0.358, respectively;P〈 0.01）, and inversely correlated to the systolic indicators left ventricular ejection fraction and the average of peak systolic myocardial velocities （Sm） （r=-0.623 and r=-0.365, respectively;P〈 0.01）.ConclusionPlasma GDF-15 is associated wit展开更多
The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are increasing worldwide and seriously threaten human life and health.Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21),a metabolic regulator,regulates glucose and lipid me...The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are increasing worldwide and seriously threaten human life and health.Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21),a metabolic regulator,regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and may exert beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system.In recent years,FGF21 has been found to act directly on the cardiovascular system and may be used as an early biomarker of CVDs.The present review highlights the recent progress in understanding the relationship between FGF21 and CVDs including coronary heart disease,myocardial ischemia,cardiomyopathy,and heart failure and also explores the related mechanism of the cardioprotective effect of FGF21.FGF21 plays an important role in the prediction,treatment,and improvement of prognosis in CVDs.This cardioprotective effect of FGF21 may be achieved by preventing endothelial dysfunction and lipid accumulating,inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and regulating the associated oxidative stress,inflammation and autophagy.In conclusion,FGF21 is a promising target for the treatment of CVDs,however,its clinical application requires further clarification of the precise role of FGF21 in CVDs.展开更多
Background Cell transplantation for myocardial repair is limited by early cell death. Gene therapy with human growth hormone （hGH） has been shown to promote angiogensis and attenuate apoptosis in the experimental an...Background Cell transplantation for myocardial repair is limited by early cell death. Gene therapy with human growth hormone （hGH） has been shown to promote angiogensis and attenuate apoptosis in the experimental animal. This study was conducted to explore the effects of myoblast-based hGH gene therapy on heart function restoration and angiogenesis after myocardial infarction, and to compare the differences between myoblast-based hGH gene therapy and myoblast therapy.Methods Myoblasts were isolated from several SD rats, cultured, purified, and transfected with plasmid pLghGHSN and pLgGFPSN. Radioimmunoassay （RIA） was used to detect the expression of hGH in these myoblasts. SD rats underwent the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery so as to establish a heart ischemia model. Thirty surviving rats that underwent ligation were randomly divided into 3 equal groups 2 weeks after left coronary artery occlusion： pLghGHSN group received myoblast infected with hGH gene transplantation; pLgGFPSN group received myoblast infected with GFP gene transplantation; control group： received cultured medium only. Four weeks after the injection the surviving rat underwent evaluation of cardiac function by echocardiography. The rats were killed and ventricular samples were undergone immunohistochemistry with hematoxylin-eosin and factor Ⅷ. Cryosection was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy to examine the expression of green fluorescent protein. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was used to examine the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, bax and Bcl-2. hGH expression in myocardium was examined by Western blot.Results Myoblast can be successfully isolated, cultured and transfected. The expression of hGH in transfected myoblast was demonstrated with RIA. Four weeks after therapy, the cardiac function was improved significantly in pLghGHSN group and pLgGFPSN group. Fractional shortening （FS） and ejection fraction （EF） in pLghGHSN group were 展开更多
Introduction:Plasma circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)is an ideal approach to detecting the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)T790M mutation,which is a major mechanism of resistance to first-generation EGFR-tyrosine kin...Introduction:Plasma circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)is an ideal approach to detecting the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)T790M mutation,which is a major mechanism of resistance to first-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)therapy.The present study aimed to explore the association of ctDNA-identified T790M mutation with disease failure sites and clinical prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Methods:Patients who progressed on first-generation TKIs were categorized into failure site groups of chest limited(CF),brain limited(BF)and other(OF).Amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)and droplet digital PCR(ddPCR)were used to identify the T790M mutation in ctDNA.Prognosis was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier methods.Results:Overall concordance between the two methods was 78.3%.According to both ARMS and ddPCR,patients in the OF group had a significantly higher rate of T790M mutation than did patients in the BF and CF groups(P<0.001),and a significantly higher T790M mutation rate was also observed in OF-group patients than in those in the CF and BF groups(P<0.001).AZD9291 was found to be an excellent treatment option and yielded the longest survival for T790M+patients in all groups who had progressed on EGFR-TKIs;for other treatments,the prognosis of T790M−patient subgroups varied.Conclusions:The present study demonstrates that T790M mutation in ctDNA is associated with failure sites for NSCLC patients after EGFR-TKI therapy and indicates that both failure site and T790M mutational status greatly influ-ence treatment selection and prognosis.展开更多
Background:Clinical assessment and treatment guidance for heart failure depends on a variety of biomarkers.The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic predictive value of growth differentiation facto...Background:Clinical assessment and treatment guidance for heart failure depends on a variety of biomarkers.The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic predictive value of growth differentiation factor-15(GDF-15)and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)in assessing hospitalized patients with acute heart failure(AHF).Methods:In total,260 patients who were admitted for AHF in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were enrolled from April 2012 to May 2016.Medical history and blood samples were collected within 24 h after the admission.The primary endpoint was the all-cause mortality within 1 year.The patients were divided into survival group and death group based on the endpoint.With established mortality risk factors and serum GDF-15 level,receiver-operator characteristic(ROC)analyses were performed.Cox regression analyses were used to further analyze the combination values of NT-proBNP and GDF-15.Results:Baseline GDF-15 and NT-proBNP were significantly higher amongst deceased than those in survivors(P<0.001).In ROC analyses,area under curve(AUC)for GDF-15 to predict 1-year mortality was 0.707(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.648–0.762,P<0.001),and for NT-proBNP was 0.682(95%CI:0.622–0.738,P<0.001).No statistically significant difference was found between the two markers(P=0.650).Based on the optimal cut-offs(GDF-15:4526.0 ng/L;NT-proBNP:1978.0 ng/L),the combination of GDF-15 and NT-proBNP increased AUC for 1-year mortality prediction(AUC=0.743,95%CI:0.685–0.795,P<0.001).Conclusions:GDF-15,as a prognostic marker in patients with AHF,is not inferior to NT-proBNP.Combining the two markers could provide an early recognition of high-risk patients and improve the prediction values of AHF long-term prognosis.Clinical trial registration:ChiCTR-ONC-12001944,http://www.chictr.org.cn.展开更多
The expanded distinct element method(EDEM)was used to investigate the crack growth in rock-like materials under uniaxial compression.The tensile-shear failure criterion and the Griffith failure criterion were implante...The expanded distinct element method(EDEM)was used to investigate the crack growth in rock-like materials under uniaxial compression.The tensile-shear failure criterion and the Griffith failure criterion were implanted into the EDEM to determine the initiation and propagation of pre-existing cracks,respectively.Uniaxial compression experiments were also performed with the artificial rock-like samples to verify the validity of the EDEM.Simulation results indicated that the EDEM model with the tensile-shear failure criterion has strong capabilities for modeling the growth of pre-existing cracks,and model results have strong agreement with the failure and mechanical properties of experimental samples.The EDEM model with the Griffith failure criterion can only simulate the splitting failure of samples due to tensile stresses and is incapable of providing a comprehensive interpretation for the overall failure of rock masses.Research results demonstrated that sample failure primarily resulted from the growth of single cracks(in the form of tensile wing cracks and shear secondary cracks)and the coalescence of two cracks due to the growth of wing cracks in the rock bridge zone.Additionally,the inclination angle of the pre-existing crack clearly influences the final failure pattern of the samples.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the protective efficacy of recombinant adenovirus containing hyper-interleukin-6 (Hyper-IL-6, HIL-6) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (Ad-HGF-HIL-6) compared to that of recombinant adenovirus con...AIM: To investigate the protective efficacy of recombinant adenovirus containing hyper-interleukin-6 (Hyper-IL-6, HIL-6) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (Ad-HGF-HIL-6) compared to that of recombinant adenovirus containing either HIL-6 or HGF (Ad-HIL-6 or Ad-HGF) in rats with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).METHODS: The recombinant adenoviruses containing HIL-6 and/or HGF were constructed. We established an ACLF model, and rats were randomly assigned to control, model, Ad-GFP, Ad-HIL-6, Ad-HGF or Ad-HGF-HIL-6 group. We collected serum and liver tissue samples to test pathological changes, biochemical indexes and molecular biological indexes.RESULTS: Attenuated alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), endotoxin, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon-γ were observed in the Ad-HGF-, Ad-HIL-6- and Ad-HGF-HIL-6-treated rats with ACLF. Likewise, reduced hepatic damage and apoptotic activity, as well as reduced HMGB1 and Bax proteins, but raised expression of Ki67 and Bcl-2 proteins and Bcl-2/Bax ratio were also observed in the Ad-HGF-, Ad-HIL-6- and Ad-HGF-HIL-6-treated rats with ACLF. More significant changes were observed in the Ad-HGF-HIL-6 treatment group without obvious side effects. Furthermore, caspase-3 at the protein level decreased in the Ad-HIL-6 and Ad-HGF-HIL-6 treatment groups, more predominantly in the latter group.CONCLUSION: This study identifies that the protective efficacy of Ad-HGF-HIL-6 is more potent than that of Ad-HGF or Ad-HIL-6 in ACLF rats, with no significant side effects.展开更多
Gases that are widely used in research and industry have a significant effect on both the configuration of solid materials and the evolution of reactive systems. Traditional studies on gas-solid interactions have most...Gases that are widely used in research and industry have a significant effect on both the configuration of solid materials and the evolution of reactive systems. Traditional studies on gas-solid interactions have mostly been static and post-mortem and unsatisfactory for elucidating the real active states during the reactions. Recent developments of controlled-atmosphere transmission electron microscopy （TEM） have led to impressive progress towards the simulation of real-world reaction environments, allowing the atomic-scale recording of dynamic events. In this review, on the basis of the in situ research of our group, we outline the principles and features of the controlled-atmosphere TEM techniques and summarize the significant recent progress in the research activities on gas-solid interactions, including nanowire growth, catalysis, and metal failure. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities in the real-time observations on such platform are discussed.展开更多
文摘Studies performed in experimental small animalswith hepatic-based metabolic disorders but nostructural liver disease,including Gunn andanalbuminaemic rats and rabbits with inherited low-density lipoprotein receptor deficiency,have shownthat up to 95% of hepatocytes transplanted into thespleen or liver remain in these sites,withimprovement in metabolic function
基金All authors have no conflict of interest regarding this paper. This work was supported by Grant National Natural Science Foundation of China （81400262） ＆ Backbone Fund of Peking University Third Hospital.
文摘BackgroundGrowth differentiation factor （GDF）-15, a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta super-family does appear to be up-regulated in response to experimental pressure overload and progression of heart failure （HF）. HF frequently develops after myocardial infarction （MI）, contributing to worse outcome. The aim of this study is to assess the correlation between GDF-15 levels and markers related to collagen turnover in different stages of HF.MethodsThe study consists of a cohort of 179 patients, including stable angina pectoris patients （AP group,n= 50）, old MI patients without HF （OMI group,n = 56）, old MI patients with HF （OMI-HF group,n= 38） and normal Control group （n = 35）. Both indicators reflecting the synthesis and degradation rates of collagen including precollagen I N-terminal peptide （PINP）, type I collagen carboxy-terminal peptide （ICTP）, precollagen III N-terminal peptide （PIIINP） and GDF-15 were measured using an enzyme-linked inmunosorbent assay.ResultsThe plasma GDF-15 level was higher in OMI-HF group （1373.4 ± 275.4 ng/L） than OMI group （1036.1 ± 248.6 ng/L）, AP group （784.6 ± 222.4 ng/L） and Control group （483.8 ± 186.4 ng/L） （P〈 0.001）. The indi-cators of collagen turnover （ICTP, PINP, PIIINP） all increased in the OMI-HF group compared with Control group （3.03 ± 1.02μg/Lvs. 2.08 ± 0.95μg/L, 22.2 ± 6.6μg/Lvs. 16.7 ± 5.1μg/L and 13.2 ± 7.9μg/Lvs. 6.4 ± 2.1μg/L, respectively;P〈 0.01）. GDF-15 positively cor-related with ICTP and PIIINP （r = 0.302,P〈 0.001 andr= 0.206,P= 0.006, respectively）. GDF-15 positively correlated to the echocardio-graphic diastolic indicators E/Em and left atrial pressure （r= 0.349 and r= 0.358, respectively;P〈 0.01）, and inversely correlated to the systolic indicators left ventricular ejection fraction and the average of peak systolic myocardial velocities （Sm） （r=-0.623 and r=-0.365, respectively;P〈 0.01）.ConclusionPlasma GDF-15 is associated wit
基金the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(81870598)Excellent Young ScholarsofNSFC(82022012)Two Hundred Program from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(20191830)to HL.
文摘The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are increasing worldwide and seriously threaten human life and health.Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21),a metabolic regulator,regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and may exert beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system.In recent years,FGF21 has been found to act directly on the cardiovascular system and may be used as an early biomarker of CVDs.The present review highlights the recent progress in understanding the relationship between FGF21 and CVDs including coronary heart disease,myocardial ischemia,cardiomyopathy,and heart failure and also explores the related mechanism of the cardioprotective effect of FGF21.FGF21 plays an important role in the prediction,treatment,and improvement of prognosis in CVDs.This cardioprotective effect of FGF21 may be achieved by preventing endothelial dysfunction and lipid accumulating,inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and regulating the associated oxidative stress,inflammation and autophagy.In conclusion,FGF21 is a promising target for the treatment of CVDs,however,its clinical application requires further clarification of the precise role of FGF21 in CVDs.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30470457）.
文摘Background Cell transplantation for myocardial repair is limited by early cell death. Gene therapy with human growth hormone （hGH） has been shown to promote angiogensis and attenuate apoptosis in the experimental animal. This study was conducted to explore the effects of myoblast-based hGH gene therapy on heart function restoration and angiogenesis after myocardial infarction, and to compare the differences between myoblast-based hGH gene therapy and myoblast therapy.Methods Myoblasts were isolated from several SD rats, cultured, purified, and transfected with plasmid pLghGHSN and pLgGFPSN. Radioimmunoassay （RIA） was used to detect the expression of hGH in these myoblasts. SD rats underwent the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery so as to establish a heart ischemia model. Thirty surviving rats that underwent ligation were randomly divided into 3 equal groups 2 weeks after left coronary artery occlusion： pLghGHSN group received myoblast infected with hGH gene transplantation; pLgGFPSN group received myoblast infected with GFP gene transplantation; control group： received cultured medium only. Four weeks after the injection the surviving rat underwent evaluation of cardiac function by echocardiography. The rats were killed and ventricular samples were undergone immunohistochemistry with hematoxylin-eosin and factor Ⅷ. Cryosection was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy to examine the expression of green fluorescent protein. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was used to examine the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, bax and Bcl-2. hGH expression in myocardium was examined by Western blot.Results Myoblast can be successfully isolated, cultured and transfected. The expression of hGH in transfected myoblast was demonstrated with RIA. Four weeks after therapy, the cardiac function was improved significantly in pLghGHSN group and pLgGFPSN group. Fractional shortening （FS） and ejection fraction （EF） in pLghGHSN group were
基金supported by grants from Projects of Medical and Health Technology in Zhejiang Province(WKJ-2J-1532)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LY15H160010)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81602671).
文摘Introduction:Plasma circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)is an ideal approach to detecting the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)T790M mutation,which is a major mechanism of resistance to first-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)therapy.The present study aimed to explore the association of ctDNA-identified T790M mutation with disease failure sites and clinical prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Methods:Patients who progressed on first-generation TKIs were categorized into failure site groups of chest limited(CF),brain limited(BF)and other(OF).Amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)and droplet digital PCR(ddPCR)were used to identify the T790M mutation in ctDNA.Prognosis was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier methods.Results:Overall concordance between the two methods was 78.3%.According to both ARMS and ddPCR,patients in the OF group had a significantly higher rate of T790M mutation than did patients in the BF and CF groups(P<0.001),and a significantly higher T790M mutation rate was also observed in OF-group patients than in those in the CF and BF groups(P<0.001).AZD9291 was found to be an excellent treatment option and yielded the longest survival for T790M+patients in all groups who had progressed on EGFR-TKIs;for other treatments,the prognosis of T790M−patient subgroups varied.Conclusions:The present study demonstrates that T790M mutation in ctDNA is associated with failure sites for NSCLC patients after EGFR-TKI therapy and indicates that both failure site and T790M mutational status greatly influ-ence treatment selection and prognosis.
文摘Background:Clinical assessment and treatment guidance for heart failure depends on a variety of biomarkers.The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic predictive value of growth differentiation factor-15(GDF-15)and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)in assessing hospitalized patients with acute heart failure(AHF).Methods:In total,260 patients who were admitted for AHF in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were enrolled from April 2012 to May 2016.Medical history and blood samples were collected within 24 h after the admission.The primary endpoint was the all-cause mortality within 1 year.The patients were divided into survival group and death group based on the endpoint.With established mortality risk factors and serum GDF-15 level,receiver-operator characteristic(ROC)analyses were performed.Cox regression analyses were used to further analyze the combination values of NT-proBNP and GDF-15.Results:Baseline GDF-15 and NT-proBNP were significantly higher amongst deceased than those in survivors(P<0.001).In ROC analyses,area under curve(AUC)for GDF-15 to predict 1-year mortality was 0.707(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.648–0.762,P<0.001),and for NT-proBNP was 0.682(95%CI:0.622–0.738,P<0.001).No statistically significant difference was found between the two markers(P=0.650).Based on the optimal cut-offs(GDF-15:4526.0 ng/L;NT-proBNP:1978.0 ng/L),the combination of GDF-15 and NT-proBNP increased AUC for 1-year mortality prediction(AUC=0.743,95%CI:0.685–0.795,P<0.001).Conclusions:GDF-15,as a prognostic marker in patients with AHF,is not inferior to NT-proBNP.Combining the two markers could provide an early recognition of high-risk patients and improve the prediction values of AHF long-term prognosis.Clinical trial registration:ChiCTR-ONC-12001944,http://www.chictr.org.cn.
文摘The expanded distinct element method(EDEM)was used to investigate the crack growth in rock-like materials under uniaxial compression.The tensile-shear failure criterion and the Griffith failure criterion were implanted into the EDEM to determine the initiation and propagation of pre-existing cracks,respectively.Uniaxial compression experiments were also performed with the artificial rock-like samples to verify the validity of the EDEM.Simulation results indicated that the EDEM model with the tensile-shear failure criterion has strong capabilities for modeling the growth of pre-existing cracks,and model results have strong agreement with the failure and mechanical properties of experimental samples.The EDEM model with the Griffith failure criterion can only simulate the splitting failure of samples due to tensile stresses and is incapable of providing a comprehensive interpretation for the overall failure of rock masses.Research results demonstrated that sample failure primarily resulted from the growth of single cracks(in the form of tensile wing cracks and shear secondary cracks)and the coalescence of two cracks due to the growth of wing cracks in the rock bridge zone.Additionally,the inclination angle of the pre-existing crack clearly influences the final failure pattern of the samples.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,No.cstc2012jj A10052Young High-End Medical Reserve Personnel Training Plan Foundation of Chongqing,China
文摘AIM: To investigate the protective efficacy of recombinant adenovirus containing hyper-interleukin-6 (Hyper-IL-6, HIL-6) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (Ad-HGF-HIL-6) compared to that of recombinant adenovirus containing either HIL-6 or HGF (Ad-HIL-6 or Ad-HGF) in rats with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).METHODS: The recombinant adenoviruses containing HIL-6 and/or HGF were constructed. We established an ACLF model, and rats were randomly assigned to control, model, Ad-GFP, Ad-HIL-6, Ad-HGF or Ad-HGF-HIL-6 group. We collected serum and liver tissue samples to test pathological changes, biochemical indexes and molecular biological indexes.RESULTS: Attenuated alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), endotoxin, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon-γ were observed in the Ad-HGF-, Ad-HIL-6- and Ad-HGF-HIL-6-treated rats with ACLF. Likewise, reduced hepatic damage and apoptotic activity, as well as reduced HMGB1 and Bax proteins, but raised expression of Ki67 and Bcl-2 proteins and Bcl-2/Bax ratio were also observed in the Ad-HGF-, Ad-HIL-6- and Ad-HGF-HIL-6-treated rats with ACLF. More significant changes were observed in the Ad-HGF-HIL-6 treatment group without obvious side effects. Furthermore, caspase-3 at the protein level decreased in the Ad-HIL-6 and Ad-HGF-HIL-6 treatment groups, more predominantly in the latter group.CONCLUSION: This study identifies that the protective efficacy of Ad-HGF-HIL-6 is more potent than that of Ad-HGF or Ad-HIL-6 in ACLF rats, with no significant side effects.
文摘Gases that are widely used in research and industry have a significant effect on both the configuration of solid materials and the evolution of reactive systems. Traditional studies on gas-solid interactions have mostly been static and post-mortem and unsatisfactory for elucidating the real active states during the reactions. Recent developments of controlled-atmosphere transmission electron microscopy （TEM） have led to impressive progress towards the simulation of real-world reaction environments, allowing the atomic-scale recording of dynamic events. In this review, on the basis of the in situ research of our group, we outline the principles and features of the controlled-atmosphere TEM techniques and summarize the significant recent progress in the research activities on gas-solid interactions, including nanowire growth, catalysis, and metal failure. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities in the real-time observations on such platform are discussed.
