戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)属于戊肝病毒科(Hepeviridae),HEV引起的肝炎称戊型肝炎(Hepati-tis E,HE),是发展中国家引起急性病毒性肝炎的常见病因。现该科病毒分为2个属:正戊肝病毒属(Orthohepevirus)和鱼戊肝病毒属(Piscihep...戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)属于戊肝病毒科(Hepeviridae),HEV引起的肝炎称戊型肝炎(Hepati-tis E,HE),是发展中国家引起急性病毒性肝炎的常见病因。现该科病毒分为2个属:正戊肝病毒属(Orthohepevirus)和鱼戊肝病毒属(Piscihepevirus)。正戊肝病毒属包含了A、B、C和D 4种:A主要感染人和猪、骆驼、兔、雪貂、鼠、鹿、猫鼬等哺乳动物;B主要感染禽类;C主要感染鼠和雪貂;D主要感染蝙蝠。鱼戊肝病毒属只包含了一个A种,主要感染鲑鱼。在疾病流行区,饮用被污染的水源可以导致急性HE的大暴发,粪口途径传播是引起HE暴发流行的主要原因。青少年和成人为好发人群,其中孕妇感染HEV导致的疾病更为严重。HEV是一种典型的人兽共患病,由其引起的人HE在亚洲、非洲、美洲、欧洲等地区均有暴发流行,全世界大约三分之一的人口受到HEV的威胁,它已成为我国乃至全球关注的公共卫生问题。本文就HEV的分类、基因组结构、宿主以及HE的流行病学研究进展进行了综述。展开更多
牛病毒性腹泻是阻碍养牛业发展的一种重大疾病。患病动物以发热、腹泻、流产、产乳量下降、产出死胎或畸形胎为主要症状。其病原体(BVDV)除感染牛外,也能感染猪、骆驼、羊驼及其他反刍动物。该病呈世界性流行分布,国际病毒分类委员会(In...牛病毒性腹泻是阻碍养牛业发展的一种重大疾病。患病动物以发热、腹泻、流产、产乳量下降、产出死胎或畸形胎为主要症状。其病原体(BVDV)除感染牛外,也能感染猪、骆驼、羊驼及其他反刍动物。该病呈世界性流行分布,国际病毒分类委员会(International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses,ICTV)已将BVDV分为BVDV-1与BVDV-22个型。2种基因型的BVDV均能造成牛群的大范围发病,但临床症状稍有不同。本文从流行特点与致病机制、最新检测方法及病毒基因组结构几个方面介绍了当下牛病毒性腹泻分子机制的研究进展。展开更多
Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage crop worldwide. However, little is known about the effects of breeding status and different geographical populations on alfalfa improvement. Here, we sequenced 220 al...Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage crop worldwide. However, little is known about the effects of breeding status and different geographical populations on alfalfa improvement. Here, we sequenced 220 alfalfa core germplasms and determined that Chinese alfalfa cultivars form an independent group, as evidenced by comparisons of FSTvalues between different subgroups, suggesting that geographical origin plays an important role in group differentiation. By tracing the influence of geographical regions on the genetic diversity of alfalfa varieties in China, we identified 350 common candidate genetic regions and 548 genes under selection. We also defined 165 loci associated with 24 important traits from genome-wide association studies. Of those, 17 genomic regions closely associated with a given phenotype were under selection, with the underlying haplotypes showing significant differences between subgroups of distinct geographical origins. Based on results from expression analysis and association mapping,we propose that 6-phosphogluconolactonase(MsPGL) and a gene encoding a protein with NHL domains(MsNHL) are critical candidate genes for root growth. In conclusion, our results provide valuable information for alfalfa improvement via molecular breeding.展开更多
文摘戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)属于戊肝病毒科(Hepeviridae),HEV引起的肝炎称戊型肝炎(Hepati-tis E,HE),是发展中国家引起急性病毒性肝炎的常见病因。现该科病毒分为2个属:正戊肝病毒属(Orthohepevirus)和鱼戊肝病毒属(Piscihepevirus)。正戊肝病毒属包含了A、B、C和D 4种:A主要感染人和猪、骆驼、兔、雪貂、鼠、鹿、猫鼬等哺乳动物;B主要感染禽类;C主要感染鼠和雪貂;D主要感染蝙蝠。鱼戊肝病毒属只包含了一个A种,主要感染鲑鱼。在疾病流行区,饮用被污染的水源可以导致急性HE的大暴发,粪口途径传播是引起HE暴发流行的主要原因。青少年和成人为好发人群,其中孕妇感染HEV导致的疾病更为严重。HEV是一种典型的人兽共患病,由其引起的人HE在亚洲、非洲、美洲、欧洲等地区均有暴发流行,全世界大约三分之一的人口受到HEV的威胁,它已成为我国乃至全球关注的公共卫生问题。本文就HEV的分类、基因组结构、宿主以及HE的流行病学研究进展进行了综述。
文摘牛病毒性腹泻是阻碍养牛业发展的一种重大疾病。患病动物以发热、腹泻、流产、产乳量下降、产出死胎或畸形胎为主要症状。其病原体(BVDV)除感染牛外,也能感染猪、骆驼、羊驼及其他反刍动物。该病呈世界性流行分布,国际病毒分类委员会(International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses,ICTV)已将BVDV分为BVDV-1与BVDV-22个型。2种基因型的BVDV均能造成牛群的大范围发病,但临床症状稍有不同。本文从流行特点与致病机制、最新检测方法及病毒基因组结构几个方面介绍了当下牛病毒性腹泻分子机制的研究进展。
基金This work was supported by the Collaborative Research Key Project between China and EU(2017YFE0111000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971758,31772656)the Innovation Program of CAAS(ASTIP-IAS14)。
文摘Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage crop worldwide. However, little is known about the effects of breeding status and different geographical populations on alfalfa improvement. Here, we sequenced 220 alfalfa core germplasms and determined that Chinese alfalfa cultivars form an independent group, as evidenced by comparisons of FSTvalues between different subgroups, suggesting that geographical origin plays an important role in group differentiation. By tracing the influence of geographical regions on the genetic diversity of alfalfa varieties in China, we identified 350 common candidate genetic regions and 548 genes under selection. We also defined 165 loci associated with 24 important traits from genome-wide association studies. Of those, 17 genomic regions closely associated with a given phenotype were under selection, with the underlying haplotypes showing significant differences between subgroups of distinct geographical origins. Based on results from expression analysis and association mapping,we propose that 6-phosphogluconolactonase(MsPGL) and a gene encoding a protein with NHL domains(MsNHL) are critical candidate genes for root growth. In conclusion, our results provide valuable information for alfalfa improvement via molecular breeding.
