摘要
戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)属于戊肝病毒科(Hepeviridae),HEV引起的肝炎称戊型肝炎(Hepati-tis E,HE),是发展中国家引起急性病毒性肝炎的常见病因。现该科病毒分为2个属:正戊肝病毒属(Orthohepevirus)和鱼戊肝病毒属(Piscihepevirus)。正戊肝病毒属包含了A、B、C和D 4种:A主要感染人和猪、骆驼、兔、雪貂、鼠、鹿、猫鼬等哺乳动物;B主要感染禽类;C主要感染鼠和雪貂;D主要感染蝙蝠。鱼戊肝病毒属只包含了一个A种,主要感染鲑鱼。在疾病流行区,饮用被污染的水源可以导致急性HE的大暴发,粪口途径传播是引起HE暴发流行的主要原因。青少年和成人为好发人群,其中孕妇感染HEV导致的疾病更为严重。HEV是一种典型的人兽共患病,由其引起的人HE在亚洲、非洲、美洲、欧洲等地区均有暴发流行,全世界大约三分之一的人口受到HEV的威胁,它已成为我国乃至全球关注的公共卫生问题。本文就HEV的分类、基因组结构、宿主以及HE的流行病学研究进展进行了综述。
Hepatitis E virus（HEV）belongs to the family Hepeviridae divided into the two genera：Orthohepevirus and Piscihepevirus.HEV cause viral hepatitis called Hepatitis E（HE）,which is a common cause of acute virial hepatitis in developing countries.Orthohepevirus is divided into four species：Orthohepevirus A,B,C and D which Orthohepevirus A infects with human and mammal such as pig,camel,rabbit,ferret,mice,deer,and mongoose,Orthohepevirus B infects with poultry,Orthohepevirus C infects with rodent and ferret and Orthohepevirus D infects with bat.Piscihepevirus infects with trout including only one species：Piscihepevirus A.Fecal-oral transmission is a common cause of HE epidemics or even outbreaks.In endemic areas,usually through drinking contaminated water can lead to acute HE outbreaks.HE is a typical zoonosis and was prevalent in Asia,Africa,America,Europe and other regions caused by HEV.About one-third of the world population has been exposed to HEV.Adolescents and adults are the main attacked population,especially pregnant women infected by HEV lead to the serious illness.HE has become public health concerns around the world.The paper reviewed the classification,genomic structure,host of HEV and epidemiology of HE.
作者
王金霞
李雯
张云智
WANG Jingxiang1,2, LI Wen, ZHANG Yunzhi(1.School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China; 2.Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention/Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, Yunnan 671000, Chin)
出处
《中国热带医学》
CAS
2018年第3期277-281,共5页
China Tropical Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金(No.81660558
No.81260437)
科技基础性工作专项重点项目(No.2013FY113500)
云南公共卫生与疾病防控协同创新中心项目(No.2015YNPHXT05)
关键词
戊型肝炎病毒
戊型肝炎
流行病学
分类
基因组结构
hepatitis E virus
hepatitis E
epidemiology
classification
genomic structure
