There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer（S/CRF） on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three d...There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer（S/CRF） on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three different S/CRFs（polymer-coated urea（PCU）, sulfur-coated urea（SCU）, and urea formaldehyde（UF）） and two fertilization modes（both S/CRF and common urea（CU） as basal fertilizer, S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer） on rice yield and quality. CU only was applied separately as control（CK）. Results showed that, rice grain yield, chalky kernel rate, chalky area, overall chalkiness, and the content of gliadin, glutenin, and protein, all showed the trends of UF〉PCU〉SCU within the same fertilization mode, and showed the trends of S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer〉both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer within the same type of S/CRF. In contrast, the contents of amylose, amylopectin, and starch, as well as taste value, and peak and hot viscosity showed trends of SCU〉PCU〉UF, and the trends of both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer〉S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer. Among S/CRF treatments and fertilization modes, taste values of cooked rice were positively correlated with amylose, amylopectin, and starch contents, as well as gel consistency, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, and cool viscosity, while negatively correlated with globulin, gliadin, glutenin, and protein contents. The types of S/CRF and fertilization modes are important for improving rice yield and quality. Compared to CK, higher yield and similar quality of rice was achieved with UF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer, and similar yield with improved appearance and eating and cooking quality of rice was achieved with either both UF and CU as basal fertilizer, or PCU as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer.展开更多
[目的]采用宏基因组测序技术,研究施肥对细菌、真菌和古菌群落组成和结构的影响,为设施菜田可持续健康发展提供科学依据。[方法]设施蔬菜施肥长期定位试验始于2009年,试验地位于天津市西青区,为春季番茄和秋冬季芹菜轮作体系。在春茬番...[目的]采用宏基因组测序技术,研究施肥对细菌、真菌和古菌群落组成和结构的影响,为设施菜田可持续健康发展提供科学依据。[方法]设施蔬菜施肥长期定位试验始于2009年,试验地位于天津市西青区,为春季番茄和秋冬季芹菜轮作体系。在春茬番茄(第20茬蔬菜)盛果期,选择定位试验中的6个等氮磷钾投入处理,包括全部使用化肥氮(4/4CN)处理和5个有机替代处理(3/4CN+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN、1/4CN+3/4MN、2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN),其中M和S代表猪粪和秸秆。采集0—20 cm土壤样品,测定土壤微生物相关指标。[结果]有机替代处理的土壤微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物量氮(MBN)含量较4/4CN处理平均分别增加101.5%和134.6%,以2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN处理的土壤MBC和MBN含量相对较高,较4/4CN平均分别增加158.8%和210.9%。与4/4CN相比,有机替代处理的土壤细菌和真菌丰度平均分别增加8.6%和11.6%,古菌平均降低21.7%;高碳有机替代模式(1/4CN+3/4MN、2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN)土壤细菌和真菌丰度较低碳有机替代模式(3/4CN+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN)平均分别增加12.3%和12.0%,古菌丰度平均降低12.9%。与4/4 CN处理相比,低量、中量有机替代模式(3/4 C N+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN)土壤细菌、真菌Shannon指数没有显著增加,而有机替代模式古菌Shannon指数平均增加了9.0%,高碳有机替代处理古菌Shannon指数平均增加了11.9%。与4/4CN处理相比,有机替代模式提高了土壤细菌中变形菌门相对丰度,降低了放线菌门、绿弯菌门相对丰度;提高了土壤真菌中子囊菌门、壶菌门和球囊菌门相对丰度,降低了担子菌门相对丰度;提高了古菌中的广古菌门和深古菌门相对丰度,降低了奇古菌门相对丰度。主成分分析表明,土壤细菌和真菌群落结构组成对施肥模式的响应弱于古菌。冗余分析表明,有机碳和硝态氮分别解释土壤细菌群落结构变异的22.3%和16.1%,解释真菌群展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFD0300503)the Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2016344)+3 种基金the National Rice Industry Technology System, China (CARS01-27)the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31701350)the Program for Scientific Elitists of Yangzhou University, Chinaa Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China
文摘There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer（S/CRF） on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three different S/CRFs（polymer-coated urea（PCU）, sulfur-coated urea（SCU）, and urea formaldehyde（UF）） and two fertilization modes（both S/CRF and common urea（CU） as basal fertilizer, S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer） on rice yield and quality. CU only was applied separately as control（CK）. Results showed that, rice grain yield, chalky kernel rate, chalky area, overall chalkiness, and the content of gliadin, glutenin, and protein, all showed the trends of UF〉PCU〉SCU within the same fertilization mode, and showed the trends of S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer〉both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer within the same type of S/CRF. In contrast, the contents of amylose, amylopectin, and starch, as well as taste value, and peak and hot viscosity showed trends of SCU〉PCU〉UF, and the trends of both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer〉S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer. Among S/CRF treatments and fertilization modes, taste values of cooked rice were positively correlated with amylose, amylopectin, and starch contents, as well as gel consistency, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, and cool viscosity, while negatively correlated with globulin, gliadin, glutenin, and protein contents. The types of S/CRF and fertilization modes are important for improving rice yield and quality. Compared to CK, higher yield and similar quality of rice was achieved with UF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer, and similar yield with improved appearance and eating and cooking quality of rice was achieved with either both UF and CU as basal fertilizer, or PCU as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer.
文摘[目的]采用宏基因组测序技术,研究施肥对细菌、真菌和古菌群落组成和结构的影响,为设施菜田可持续健康发展提供科学依据。[方法]设施蔬菜施肥长期定位试验始于2009年,试验地位于天津市西青区,为春季番茄和秋冬季芹菜轮作体系。在春茬番茄(第20茬蔬菜)盛果期,选择定位试验中的6个等氮磷钾投入处理,包括全部使用化肥氮(4/4CN)处理和5个有机替代处理(3/4CN+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN、1/4CN+3/4MN、2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN),其中M和S代表猪粪和秸秆。采集0—20 cm土壤样品,测定土壤微生物相关指标。[结果]有机替代处理的土壤微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物量氮(MBN)含量较4/4CN处理平均分别增加101.5%和134.6%,以2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN处理的土壤MBC和MBN含量相对较高,较4/4CN平均分别增加158.8%和210.9%。与4/4CN相比,有机替代处理的土壤细菌和真菌丰度平均分别增加8.6%和11.6%,古菌平均降低21.7%;高碳有机替代模式(1/4CN+3/4MN、2/4CN+1/4MN+1/4SN、2/4CN+2/4SN)土壤细菌和真菌丰度较低碳有机替代模式(3/4CN+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN)平均分别增加12.3%和12.0%,古菌丰度平均降低12.9%。与4/4 CN处理相比,低量、中量有机替代模式(3/4 C N+1/4MN、2/4CN+2/4MN)土壤细菌、真菌Shannon指数没有显著增加,而有机替代模式古菌Shannon指数平均增加了9.0%,高碳有机替代处理古菌Shannon指数平均增加了11.9%。与4/4CN处理相比,有机替代模式提高了土壤细菌中变形菌门相对丰度,降低了放线菌门、绿弯菌门相对丰度;提高了土壤真菌中子囊菌门、壶菌门和球囊菌门相对丰度,降低了担子菌门相对丰度;提高了古菌中的广古菌门和深古菌门相对丰度,降低了奇古菌门相对丰度。主成分分析表明,土壤细菌和真菌群落结构组成对施肥模式的响应弱于古菌。冗余分析表明,有机碳和硝态氮分别解释土壤细菌群落结构变异的22.3%和16.1%,解释真菌群
