A 60%Fe/Al_2O_3 catalyst was prepared by the co-precipitation method.It was reduced by H_2 to produce metallic Fe,which was then sulfided by CS_2 to Fe_(0.96) S and Fe_3S_4 or phosphided by triphenylphosphine(PPh3) in...A 60%Fe/Al_2O_3 catalyst was prepared by the co-precipitation method.It was reduced by H_2 to produce metallic Fe,which was then sulfided by CS_2 to Fe_(0.96) S and Fe_3S_4 or phosphided by triphenylphosphine(PPh3) in liquid phases to Fe2 P and Fe P.It was found that the iron sulfides(Fe0.96 S and Fe_3S_4) exhibited the low activity for the hydrodesulfurization(HDS) reactions.The HDS activity was also low on the Fe(metal)/Al_2O_3 and Fe_2 P/Al_2O_3 catalysts since they were converted into Fe0.96 S and Fe_3S_4 during the HDS reactions.In contrast,the FeP/Al_2O_3 was found to be stable and active for the HDS reactions.In particular,Fe P/Al_2O_3 possessed significantly smaller Fe P particles than Fe P/C,leading to the significant higher HDS activity of FeP/Al_2O_3 than Fe P/C.展开更多
采用等体积浸渍法制备了γ-Al2O3负载的Ni金属催化剂和Ni-Fe双金属催化剂,采用BET、XRD、H2-TPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征,利用固定床反应装置考察了催化剂的合成气甲烷化的催化活性,研究了常压下不同负载量的镍铁双金属催化剂在不同空...采用等体积浸渍法制备了γ-Al2O3负载的Ni金属催化剂和Ni-Fe双金属催化剂,采用BET、XRD、H2-TPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征,利用固定床反应装置考察了催化剂的合成气甲烷化的催化活性,研究了常压下不同负载量的镍铁双金属催化剂在不同空速下及不同温度下的催化活性。结果表明:反应空速为30 000 m L/(g·h),反应原料气体积分数为N2:20%、H2:60%、CO:20%的反应条件下,Ni-Fe/γ-Al2O3双金属催化剂表现出高的甲烷化活性,CO的转化率接近100%,CH4的选择性可达90%以上。得到在Ni和Fe的负载量均在15%的情况下,催化剂催化效果达到最佳,BET、XRD及H2-TPR分析表明,在这样的比例下,Ni-Fe/γ-Al2O3双金属催化剂中Ni、Fe之间产生了明显的相互作用,在还原后的催化剂中以Ni-Fe合金形式存在,铁助剂的添加可以使催化剂的还原温度降低,利于活性组分被还原。镍、铁之间的相互作用有利于产生电子效应,并使得Ni O的分散度有所提高,催化剂能够充分地被还原,从而提高催化剂活性。展开更多
Producing methanol from coke oven gas(COG) is one of the important applications of COG. Removal of sulfur from COG is a key step of this process. Conversion and reaction kinetics over a commercial Fe-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst...Producing methanol from coke oven gas(COG) is one of the important applications of COG. Removal of sulfur from COG is a key step of this process. Conversion and reaction kinetics over a commercial Fe-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst(T-202) were studied in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor under pressures of 1.6-2.8 MPa, space time of 1.32-3.55 s and temperatures of 240-360 °C. Though the COG contains about 0.6 mol/mol H2, hydrogenation of CO and CO2 is not significant on this catalyst. The conversions of unsaturated hydrocarbons depend on their molecular structures. Diolefins and alkynes can be completely hydrogenated even at relatively low temperature and pressure. Olefins, in contrast, can only be progressively hydrogenated with increasing temperature and pressure. The hydrodesulfurization(HDS) of CS2 on this catalyst is easy. Complete conversion of CS2 was observed in the whole range of the conditions used in this work. The original COS in the COG can also be easily converted to a low level. However, its complete HDS is difficult due to the relatively high concentration of CO in the COG and due to the limitation of thermodynamics. H2 S can react with unsaturated hydrocarbons to form ethyl mercaptan and thiophene, which are then progressively hydrodesulfurized with increasing temperature and pressure. Based on the experimental observations, reaction kinetic models for the conversion of ethylene and sulfur-containing compounds were proposed; the values of the parameters in the models were obtained by regression of the experimental data.展开更多
A series of iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS） catalysts incorporated with Al2O3 binder were prepared by the combination of co-precipitation and spray drying technology. The catalyst samples were characteriz...A series of iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS） catalysts incorporated with Al2O3 binder were prepared by the combination of co-precipitation and spray drying technology. The catalyst samples were characterized by using N2 physical adsorption, temperature-programmed reduction/desorption （TPR/TPD） and MSssbauer effect spectroscopy （MES） methods. The characterization results indicated that the BET surface area increases with increasing Al2O3 content and passes through a maximum at the Al2O3/Fe ratio of 10/100 （weight basis）. After the point, it decreases with further increase in Al2O3 content. The incorporation of Al2O3 binder was found to weaken the surface basicity and suppress the reduction and carburization of iron-based catalysts probably due to the strong K-Al2O3 and Fe-Al2O3 interactions. Furthermore, the H2 adsorption ability of the catalysts is enhanced with increasing Al2O3 content. The FTS performances of the catalysts were tested in a slurry-phase continuously stirred tank reactor （CSTR） under the reaction conditions of 260 ℃, 1.5 MPa, 1000 h^-1 and molar ratio of H2/CO 0.67 for 200 h. The results showed that the addition of small amounts of Al2O3 affects the activity of iron-based catalysts to a little extent. However, with further increase of Al2O3 content, the FTS activity and water gas shift reaction （WGS） activity are decreased severely. The addition of appropriate Al2O3 do not affect the product selectivity, but the catalysts incorporated with large amounts of Al2O3 have higher selectivity for light hydrocarbons and lower selectivity for heavy hydrocarbons.展开更多
基金Financial supports from the NSFC-DFG (21761132006),NSFC (21773108)fundamental research funds for central universities are acknowledged
文摘A 60%Fe/Al_2O_3 catalyst was prepared by the co-precipitation method.It was reduced by H_2 to produce metallic Fe,which was then sulfided by CS_2 to Fe_(0.96) S and Fe_3S_4 or phosphided by triphenylphosphine(PPh3) in liquid phases to Fe2 P and Fe P.It was found that the iron sulfides(Fe0.96 S and Fe_3S_4) exhibited the low activity for the hydrodesulfurization(HDS) reactions.The HDS activity was also low on the Fe(metal)/Al_2O_3 and Fe_2 P/Al_2O_3 catalysts since they were converted into Fe0.96 S and Fe_3S_4 during the HDS reactions.In contrast,the FeP/Al_2O_3 was found to be stable and active for the HDS reactions.In particular,Fe P/Al_2O_3 possessed significantly smaller Fe P particles than Fe P/C,leading to the significant higher HDS activity of FeP/Al_2O_3 than Fe P/C.
文摘采用等体积浸渍法制备了γ-Al2O3负载的Ni金属催化剂和Ni-Fe双金属催化剂,采用BET、XRD、H2-TPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征,利用固定床反应装置考察了催化剂的合成气甲烷化的催化活性,研究了常压下不同负载量的镍铁双金属催化剂在不同空速下及不同温度下的催化活性。结果表明:反应空速为30 000 m L/(g·h),反应原料气体积分数为N2:20%、H2:60%、CO:20%的反应条件下,Ni-Fe/γ-Al2O3双金属催化剂表现出高的甲烷化活性,CO的转化率接近100%,CH4的选择性可达90%以上。得到在Ni和Fe的负载量均在15%的情况下,催化剂催化效果达到最佳,BET、XRD及H2-TPR分析表明,在这样的比例下,Ni-Fe/γ-Al2O3双金属催化剂中Ni、Fe之间产生了明显的相互作用,在还原后的催化剂中以Ni-Fe合金形式存在,铁助剂的添加可以使催化剂的还原温度降低,利于活性组分被还原。镍、铁之间的相互作用有利于产生电子效应,并使得Ni O的分散度有所提高,催化剂能够充分地被还原,从而提高催化剂活性。
文摘Producing methanol from coke oven gas(COG) is one of the important applications of COG. Removal of sulfur from COG is a key step of this process. Conversion and reaction kinetics over a commercial Fe-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst(T-202) were studied in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor under pressures of 1.6-2.8 MPa, space time of 1.32-3.55 s and temperatures of 240-360 °C. Though the COG contains about 0.6 mol/mol H2, hydrogenation of CO and CO2 is not significant on this catalyst. The conversions of unsaturated hydrocarbons depend on their molecular structures. Diolefins and alkynes can be completely hydrogenated even at relatively low temperature and pressure. Olefins, in contrast, can only be progressively hydrogenated with increasing temperature and pressure. The hydrodesulfurization(HDS) of CS2 on this catalyst is easy. Complete conversion of CS2 was observed in the whole range of the conditions used in this work. The original COS in the COG can also be easily converted to a low level. However, its complete HDS is difficult due to the relatively high concentration of CO in the COG and due to the limitation of thermodynamics. H2 S can react with unsaturated hydrocarbons to form ethyl mercaptan and thiophene, which are then progressively hydrodesulfurized with increasing temperature and pressure. Based on the experimental observations, reaction kinetic models for the conversion of ethylene and sulfur-containing compounds were proposed; the values of the parameters in the models were obtained by regression of the experimental data.
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20590361)the National Outstanding Young Scientists Foundation of China (20625620)
文摘A series of iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS） catalysts incorporated with Al2O3 binder were prepared by the combination of co-precipitation and spray drying technology. The catalyst samples were characterized by using N2 physical adsorption, temperature-programmed reduction/desorption （TPR/TPD） and MSssbauer effect spectroscopy （MES） methods. The characterization results indicated that the BET surface area increases with increasing Al2O3 content and passes through a maximum at the Al2O3/Fe ratio of 10/100 （weight basis）. After the point, it decreases with further increase in Al2O3 content. The incorporation of Al2O3 binder was found to weaken the surface basicity and suppress the reduction and carburization of iron-based catalysts probably due to the strong K-Al2O3 and Fe-Al2O3 interactions. Furthermore, the H2 adsorption ability of the catalysts is enhanced with increasing Al2O3 content. The FTS performances of the catalysts were tested in a slurry-phase continuously stirred tank reactor （CSTR） under the reaction conditions of 260 ℃, 1.5 MPa, 1000 h^-1 and molar ratio of H2/CO 0.67 for 200 h. The results showed that the addition of small amounts of Al2O3 affects the activity of iron-based catalysts to a little extent. However, with further increase of Al2O3 content, the FTS activity and water gas shift reaction （WGS） activity are decreased severely. The addition of appropriate Al2O3 do not affect the product selectivity, but the catalysts incorporated with large amounts of Al2O3 have higher selectivity for light hydrocarbons and lower selectivity for heavy hydrocarbons.
