柔性多状态开关(soft normal open points,SNOP)接入配电网可实现负荷的不间断供电,而且能改善故障期间网络的电能质量。该文首先建立SNOP的数学模型,分析在正常状态下SNOP控制方式和潮流方向,以及故障状态下与配电自动化相配合的过程...柔性多状态开关(soft normal open points,SNOP)接入配电网可实现负荷的不间断供电,而且能改善故障期间网络的电能质量。该文首先建立SNOP的数学模型,分析在正常状态下SNOP控制方式和潮流方向,以及故障状态下与配电自动化相配合的过程。然后,建立两阶段故障恢复模型,第一阶段以失负荷风险最小为目标函数,求解获得开关状态与SNOP各端口功率变化范围;不改变网络拓扑,第二阶段引入区间数描述分布式电源和负荷预测的不确定性,将鲁棒优化应用于故障恢复期间的运行状态优化,并对不满足约束的情况进行拓扑调整后重新优化。最后,以三端SNOP连接的3个IEEE33节点系统作为测试算例,分析误差,分布式电源渗透率和SNOP单端容量/线路容量对优化策略的影响。展开更多
The Xiaojiang fault is a major active left-lateral fault along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The largest historical earthquake in Yunnan Province, with a magnitude 8 and a mean coseismic left-lateral ...The Xiaojiang fault is a major active left-lateral fault along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The largest historical earthquake in Yunnan Province, with a magnitude 8 and a mean coseismic left-lateral displacement of ~ 6.9 m, occurred on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault.Studying this fault is important in understanding current deformation and kinematic characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau.Activities and stretches have been well undertaken on the Xiaojiang fault, while paleoseismic research work is always the weak link on this fault.To investigate the paleoseismic history and large earthquake activity of the Xiaojiang fault, we opened a large trench at the northern edge of Caohaizi sag pond on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault.Six paleoseismic events have been identified, and named E1 through E6 from the oldest to the youngest.Charcoal and woods are abundant, 20 samples were dated to constrain the ages of the paleoseismic events at 40 000–36 300 BC, 35 400–24 800 BC, 9 500 BC–AD 500, AD 390–720, AD 1120–1620 and AD 1750–present.We associate the youngest event E6 with the 1833 M8 earthquake.Events E4, E5 and E6 show a continuous record of the western strand of the Xiaojiang fault in the late Holocene, with a average recurrence interval of 370–480 yr.Large earthquake recurrence in the late Holocene is far less than the recurrence of 2000–4000 yr posed in previous studies.Thus, the seismic hazard on the Xiaojiang fault should be reevaluated.Furthermore, the irregular recurrence of large earthquakes on the Xiaojiang fault and other faults in the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang system, indicates the uneven southeastward extrusion of the Sichuan-Yunnan block along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
文摘柔性多状态开关(soft normal open points,SNOP)接入配电网可实现负荷的不间断供电,而且能改善故障期间网络的电能质量。该文首先建立SNOP的数学模型,分析在正常状态下SNOP控制方式和潮流方向,以及故障状态下与配电自动化相配合的过程。然后,建立两阶段故障恢复模型,第一阶段以失负荷风险最小为目标函数,求解获得开关状态与SNOP各端口功率变化范围;不改变网络拓扑,第二阶段引入区间数描述分布式电源和负荷预测的不确定性,将鲁棒优化应用于故障恢复期间的运行状态优化,并对不满足约束的情况进行拓扑调整后重新优化。最后,以三端SNOP连接的3个IEEE33节点系统作为测试算例,分析误差,分布式电源渗透率和SNOP单端容量/线路容量对优化策略的影响。
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of China (41372218)Special Foundation of the China Earthquake Administration (Grant No.201108001)+2 种基金Science for Earthquake Resilience of China Earthquake Administration (CEA) (XH13021)Special Projects for Basic Research Work of the Institute of Geology, CEA (IGCEA1418)the program of International S&T Cooperation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2015DFA21260)
文摘The Xiaojiang fault is a major active left-lateral fault along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The largest historical earthquake in Yunnan Province, with a magnitude 8 and a mean coseismic left-lateral displacement of ~ 6.9 m, occurred on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault.Studying this fault is important in understanding current deformation and kinematic characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau.Activities and stretches have been well undertaken on the Xiaojiang fault, while paleoseismic research work is always the weak link on this fault.To investigate the paleoseismic history and large earthquake activity of the Xiaojiang fault, we opened a large trench at the northern edge of Caohaizi sag pond on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault.Six paleoseismic events have been identified, and named E1 through E6 from the oldest to the youngest.Charcoal and woods are abundant, 20 samples were dated to constrain the ages of the paleoseismic events at 40 000–36 300 BC, 35 400–24 800 BC, 9 500 BC–AD 500, AD 390–720, AD 1120–1620 and AD 1750–present.We associate the youngest event E6 with the 1833 M8 earthquake.Events E4, E5 and E6 show a continuous record of the western strand of the Xiaojiang fault in the late Holocene, with a average recurrence interval of 370–480 yr.Large earthquake recurrence in the late Holocene is far less than the recurrence of 2000–4000 yr posed in previous studies.Thus, the seismic hazard on the Xiaojiang fault should be reevaluated.Furthermore, the irregular recurrence of large earthquakes on the Xiaojiang fault and other faults in the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang system, indicates the uneven southeastward extrusion of the Sichuan-Yunnan block along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.
