雷帕霉素(rapamycin,RAPA)是从一种链霉菌代谢物中提取的三烯大环内酯类抗生素。雷帕霉素具有丰富的生物功能,如抗真菌、免疫调节、抗增殖、神经保护和延缓衰老等多种作用,极大地激发了学者们对其作用机制的研究兴趣[1⁃2]。研究证实,雷...雷帕霉素(rapamycin,RAPA)是从一种链霉菌代谢物中提取的三烯大环内酯类抗生素。雷帕霉素具有丰富的生物功能,如抗真菌、免疫调节、抗增殖、神经保护和延缓衰老等多种作用,极大地激发了学者们对其作用机制的研究兴趣[1⁃2]。研究证实,雷帕霉素首先结合于胞内受体免疫亲和蛋白FKBP12,形成FKBP12⁃RAPA复合体,然后再与哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)的FRB结构域结合,进而抑制mTOR活性,mTOR参与众多细胞生命活动的重要过程,这是雷帕霉素呈现广泛生物学活性的机制所在[3⁃4]。mTOR是一种非典型丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,能通过接受整合细胞信号,发挥调节稳态作用,主要包括调节细胞生长、增殖与代谢。雷帕霉素及其衍生物以mTOR为靶点,对加速增殖细胞有明显抑制作用,因此被批准作为免疫抑制剂和抗肿瘤药物临床使用[5]。如今,研发的第二代半合成雷帕霉素衍生物,具有更高效的药物代谢动力学,如替西罗霉素(temsirolimus)和依维莫司(everolimus)。展开更多
Intrinsically disordered proteins, such as tau or α-synuclein, have long been associated with a dysfunctional role in neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s’ diseases, these proteins, sharing a...Intrinsically disordered proteins, such as tau or α-synuclein, have long been associated with a dysfunctional role in neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s’ diseases, these proteins, sharing a common chemical-physical pattern with alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains rich in prolines, abnormally aggregate in tangles in the brain leading to progressive loss of neurons. In this review, we present an overview linking the studies on the implication of the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase domain of immunophilins, and notably FKBP12, to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the molecular origin of such a role. The involvement of FKBP12 dysregulation in the aberrant aggregation of disordered proteins pinpoints this protein as a possible therapeutic target and, at the same time, as a predictive biomarker for early diagnosis in neurodegeneration, calling for the development of reliable, fast and cost-effective detection methods in body fluids for community-based screening campaigns.展开更多
By choosing neuroimmunophilin FKBP12 as a therapeutical target, we have attempted to discover a new structural drug for treating neurodegenerative disease. This drug should possess neurotrophic activity and not affect...By choosing neuroimmunophilin FKBP12 as a therapeutical target, we have attempted to discover a new structural drug for treating neurodegenerative disease. This drug should possess neurotrophic activity and not affect the immune system. Based on the crystal structure of FKBP12, FK506 and Calcineurin complex, a series of small organic molecules were designed. These molecules were to have the ability of binding to FKBP12 in a virtual screening. By using a solution parallel synthetic method, these compounds were synthesized. The neuroprotective and neuroregenerative activities of these compounds were evaluated by binding assays, PC12 cells survival and neurite outgrowth model, chick dorsal root ganglion cultures (DRG) and 6-OHDA lesioned mice sympathetic nerve endings model. The evaluation results of these compounds showed that compound N308 has great promise as a candidate for a neuroprotective and neuroregenerative agent.展开更多
Calcium is a crucial element for striated muscle function. As such, myoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration is delicately regulated through the concerted action of multiple Ca2+ pathways that relay excitation of the plasma...Calcium is a crucial element for striated muscle function. As such, myoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration is delicately regulated through the concerted action of multiple Ca2+ pathways that relay excitation of the plasma membrane to the intracellular contractile machinery. In skeletal muscle, one of these major Ca2+ pathways is Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores through type-1 ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channels (RyR1), which positions RyR1 in a strategic cross point to regulate Ca2+ homeostasis. This major Ca2+ traff ic point appears to be highly sensitive to the intracellular environment, which senses through a plethora of chemical and protein-protein interactions. Among these modulators, perhaps one of the most elusive is Triadin, a musclespecif ic protein that is involved in many crucial aspect of muscle function. This family of proteins mediates complex interactions with various Ca2+ modulators and seems poised to be a relevant modulator of Ca2+ signaling in cardiac and skeletal muscles. The purpose of this review is to examine the most recent evidence and current understanding of the role of Triadin in muscle function, in general, with particular emphasis on its contribution to Ca2+ homeostasis.展开更多
Dear Editor,Hepcidin is a 25-amino acid peptide acting as a pivotal negative regulator in iron homeostasis,which can bind to an iron exporter,ferroportin 1,and induce its internalization and degradation.1 Hepcidin is ...Dear Editor,Hepcidin is a 25-amino acid peptide acting as a pivotal negative regulator in iron homeostasis,which can bind to an iron exporter,ferroportin 1,and induce its internalization and degradation.1 Hepcidin is produced in hepatocytes mainly under the control of BMP signaling.BMP2/6,secreted by liver endothelial cells in response to iron level,binds to BMP type I and type II receptors and triggers the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 which directly promotes hepcidin expression.1 The immunophilin family protein FKBP12 is associated with BMP type I receptors to prevent uncontrolled receptor activation.展开更多
哺乳类动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mammalian target of rapamycin，mTOR），又称雷帕霉素相关蛋白（rapamycin associated protein，FRAP）或雷帕霉素与FK506结合蛋白12靶蛋白（rapamycin and FKBP12 target，RAFT1），是一类脯氨酸调控的丝...哺乳类动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mammalian target of rapamycin，mTOR），又称雷帕霉素相关蛋白（rapamycin associated protein，FRAP）或雷帕霉素与FK506结合蛋白12靶蛋白（rapamycin and FKBP12 target，RAFT1），是一类脯氨酸调控的丝氨酸／苏氨酸（Ser／Thr）蛋白激酶，展开更多
文摘雷帕霉素(rapamycin,RAPA)是从一种链霉菌代谢物中提取的三烯大环内酯类抗生素。雷帕霉素具有丰富的生物功能,如抗真菌、免疫调节、抗增殖、神经保护和延缓衰老等多种作用,极大地激发了学者们对其作用机制的研究兴趣[1⁃2]。研究证实,雷帕霉素首先结合于胞内受体免疫亲和蛋白FKBP12,形成FKBP12⁃RAPA复合体,然后再与哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)的FRB结构域结合,进而抑制mTOR活性,mTOR参与众多细胞生命活动的重要过程,这是雷帕霉素呈现广泛生物学活性的机制所在[3⁃4]。mTOR是一种非典型丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,能通过接受整合细胞信号,发挥调节稳态作用,主要包括调节细胞生长、增殖与代谢。雷帕霉素及其衍生物以mTOR为靶点,对加速增殖细胞有明显抑制作用,因此被批准作为免疫抑制剂和抗肿瘤药物临床使用[5]。如今,研发的第二代半合成雷帕霉素衍生物,具有更高效的药物代谢动力学,如替西罗霉素(temsirolimus)和依维莫司(everolimus)。
文摘Intrinsically disordered proteins, such as tau or α-synuclein, have long been associated with a dysfunctional role in neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s’ diseases, these proteins, sharing a common chemical-physical pattern with alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains rich in prolines, abnormally aggregate in tangles in the brain leading to progressive loss of neurons. In this review, we present an overview linking the studies on the implication of the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase domain of immunophilins, and notably FKBP12, to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the molecular origin of such a role. The involvement of FKBP12 dysregulation in the aberrant aggregation of disordered proteins pinpoints this protein as a possible therapeutic target and, at the same time, as a predictive biomarker for early diagnosis in neurodegeneration, calling for the development of reliable, fast and cost-effective detection methods in body fluids for community-based screening campaigns.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. G1998051107)Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2002AA233051)
文摘By choosing neuroimmunophilin FKBP12 as a therapeutical target, we have attempted to discover a new structural drug for treating neurodegenerative disease. This drug should possess neurotrophic activity and not affect the immune system. Based on the crystal structure of FKBP12, FK506 and Calcineurin complex, a series of small organic molecules were designed. These molecules were to have the ability of binding to FKBP12 in a virtual screening. By using a solution parallel synthetic method, these compounds were synthesized. The neuroprotective and neuroregenerative activities of these compounds were evaluated by binding assays, PC12 cells survival and neurite outgrowth model, chick dorsal root ganglion cultures (DRG) and 6-OHDA lesioned mice sympathetic nerve endings model. The evaluation results of these compounds showed that compound N308 has great promise as a candidate for a neuroprotective and neuroregenerative agent.
文摘Calcium is a crucial element for striated muscle function. As such, myoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration is delicately regulated through the concerted action of multiple Ca2+ pathways that relay excitation of the plasma membrane to the intracellular contractile machinery. In skeletal muscle, one of these major Ca2+ pathways is Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores through type-1 ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channels (RyR1), which positions RyR1 in a strategic cross point to regulate Ca2+ homeostasis. This major Ca2+ traff ic point appears to be highly sensitive to the intracellular environment, which senses through a plethora of chemical and protein-protein interactions. Among these modulators, perhaps one of the most elusive is Triadin, a musclespecif ic protein that is involved in many crucial aspect of muscle function. This family of proteins mediates complex interactions with various Ca2+ modulators and seems poised to be a relevant modulator of Ca2+ signaling in cardiac and skeletal muscles. The purpose of this review is to examine the most recent evidence and current understanding of the role of Triadin in muscle function, in general, with particular emphasis on its contribution to Ca2+ homeostasis.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to WW(Grant 81672950)by National Natural Science Foundation of China to YR(Grant#82125034)National Key R&D Program of China(#2020YFE0202200,#2021YFA1300200)。
文摘Dear Editor,Hepcidin is a 25-amino acid peptide acting as a pivotal negative regulator in iron homeostasis,which can bind to an iron exporter,ferroportin 1,and induce its internalization and degradation.1 Hepcidin is produced in hepatocytes mainly under the control of BMP signaling.BMP2/6,secreted by liver endothelial cells in response to iron level,binds to BMP type I and type II receptors and triggers the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 which directly promotes hepcidin expression.1 The immunophilin family protein FKBP12 is associated with BMP type I receptors to prevent uncontrolled receptor activation.
文摘哺乳类动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mammalian target of rapamycin，mTOR），又称雷帕霉素相关蛋白（rapamycin associated protein，FRAP）或雷帕霉素与FK506结合蛋白12靶蛋白（rapamycin and FKBP12 target，RAFT1），是一类脯氨酸调控的丝氨酸／苏氨酸（Ser／Thr）蛋白激酶，
