Erianthus arundinaceus is an important, closely related genus of Saccharum officinarum L. It is therefore important to understand how the chromosomes are transmitted when it hybridizes with sugarcane. The hybrids and ...Erianthus arundinaceus is an important, closely related genus of Saccharum officinarum L. It is therefore important to understand how the chromosomes are transmitted when it hybridizes with sugarcane. The hybrids and backcross progenies of S. officinarum and E. arundinaceus and their parents were used for Karyotype analysis and to study the law of chromosome transmission. The results showed that the somatic chromosome number of both of the E. arundinaceus Hainan92-105 and Hainan92-77 were 2n = 60 = 60sm, belonging to type 1 A, and the BC1 YC01-21 was 2n = 104 = 100m ＋ 4sm, belonging to type 2C. The other six tested clones belonged to type 2B. The both F1s YC96-66 and YC96-40 that originated from Badila （2n = 80 = 70m ＋ 10sm） with E. Arundinaceus were 2n = 70 = 68m ＋ 2sm, which suggests an n ＋ n transmission. The cross between YC96-66 （female parent） and CP84-1198 （male parent, 2n = 120 = 114m ＋ 6sm） also followed the same genetic law and the somatic chromosome number of their progeny, YC01-3 （2n = 105 = 95m ＋ 10sm）. The cross derived from YC96- 40 （female） and CP84-1198 （male）, YC01-21 had 2n = 104 = 100m ＋ 4sm chromosomes, following the same genetic law of n ＋ n. However, YC01-36 had 2n = 132 = 130m ＋ 2sm chromosomes, which suggests a 2n ＋ n chromosome transmission. It can be inferred that the inheritance of chromosomes was very complex in the BC1. The difference in chromosome number between clones was as high as 28. This could be explained by the 2n ＋ n transmission of chromosomes. In addition, as there was not be a regular number of haploids, this phenomenon is termed as disequilibrium hybridization.展开更多
利用 RAPD随机引物和斑茅 5 S r RNA间隔序列 (ITS)引物对斑茅与甘蔗的杂种 F1 、 F2 代进行了分子鉴定 ,获得了与含有斑茅血缘有关的 RAPD分子标记 3个及 5 S r RNA间隔序列标记 1个 ;其中 ,5 S r RNA间隔序列标记可用于斑茅杂种后代碱...利用 RAPD随机引物和斑茅 5 S r RNA间隔序列 (ITS)引物对斑茅与甘蔗的杂种 F1 、 F2 代进行了分子鉴定 ,获得了与含有斑茅血缘有关的 RAPD分子标记 3个及 5 S r RNA间隔序列标记 1个 ;其中 ,5 S r RNA间隔序列标记可用于斑茅杂种后代碱法 DNA模板的快速检测。展开更多
Cellulosic bioethanol produced from non-edible plants reduces potential food-fuel competition and, as such, is receiving increasing attention. In the raw material production of cellulosic bioethanol, the aboveground b...Cellulosic bioethanol produced from non-edible plants reduces potential food-fuel competition and, as such, is receiving increasing attention. In the raw material production of cellulosic bioethanol, the aboveground biomass of plants is entirely harvested;consequently, the plant roots represent the major source of organic matter incorporated into the soil. We selected Erianthus and Napier grass as the raw materials for cultivation in Asia. However, information about whether these 2 species provide sufficient root volume to sustain soil fertility is limited. Therefore, we examined the spatial distribution of the roots of these 2 plants, and quantified root mass and length. Erianthus and Napier grass were either grown in fields or greenhouses in Tokyo (Japan) and Lampung (Indonesia), and then their roots were exposed from adjacent soil profiles. Both species developed large, deep roots, penetrating 2.0-2.6 m deep into the soil. Root depth indexes showed that the roots of both species penetrated much deeper into the soil compared to monocot crop species, being more comparable to dicot species. Erianthus developed a root mass and length of 384-850 g·m-2 and 28.8-35.8 km·m-2, while the values for Napier grass were 183-448 g·m-2 and 15.6-43.6 km·m-2, respectively. These values exceeded the maximum values previously recorded for common crop species. Our study confirmed that Erianthus and Napier grass develop deep root systems, with substantially large biomass;hence, we suggest that both plants supply root biomass in large quantities, representing possible major sources of soil organic matter.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foudation of China (30671329)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of Chinaduring the 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006BAD06-4)
文摘Erianthus arundinaceus is an important, closely related genus of Saccharum officinarum L. It is therefore important to understand how the chromosomes are transmitted when it hybridizes with sugarcane. The hybrids and backcross progenies of S. officinarum and E. arundinaceus and their parents were used for Karyotype analysis and to study the law of chromosome transmission. The results showed that the somatic chromosome number of both of the E. arundinaceus Hainan92-105 and Hainan92-77 were 2n = 60 = 60sm, belonging to type 1 A, and the BC1 YC01-21 was 2n = 104 = 100m ＋ 4sm, belonging to type 2C. The other six tested clones belonged to type 2B. The both F1s YC96-66 and YC96-40 that originated from Badila （2n = 80 = 70m ＋ 10sm） with E. Arundinaceus were 2n = 70 = 68m ＋ 2sm, which suggests an n ＋ n transmission. The cross between YC96-66 （female parent） and CP84-1198 （male parent, 2n = 120 = 114m ＋ 6sm） also followed the same genetic law and the somatic chromosome number of their progeny, YC01-3 （2n = 105 = 95m ＋ 10sm）. The cross derived from YC96- 40 （female） and CP84-1198 （male）, YC01-21 had 2n = 104 = 100m ＋ 4sm chromosomes, following the same genetic law of n ＋ n. However, YC01-36 had 2n = 132 = 130m ＋ 2sm chromosomes, which suggests a 2n ＋ n chromosome transmission. It can be inferred that the inheritance of chromosomes was very complex in the BC1. The difference in chromosome number between clones was as high as 28. This could be explained by the 2n ＋ n transmission of chromosomes. In addition, as there was not be a regular number of haploids, this phenomenon is termed as disequilibrium hybridization.
文摘利用 RAPD随机引物和斑茅 5 S r RNA间隔序列 (ITS)引物对斑茅与甘蔗的杂种 F1 、 F2 代进行了分子鉴定 ,获得了与含有斑茅血缘有关的 RAPD分子标记 3个及 5 S r RNA间隔序列标记 1个 ;其中 ,5 S r RNA间隔序列标记可用于斑茅杂种后代碱法 DNA模板的快速检测。
文摘Cellulosic bioethanol produced from non-edible plants reduces potential food-fuel competition and, as such, is receiving increasing attention. In the raw material production of cellulosic bioethanol, the aboveground biomass of plants is entirely harvested;consequently, the plant roots represent the major source of organic matter incorporated into the soil. We selected Erianthus and Napier grass as the raw materials for cultivation in Asia. However, information about whether these 2 species provide sufficient root volume to sustain soil fertility is limited. Therefore, we examined the spatial distribution of the roots of these 2 plants, and quantified root mass and length. Erianthus and Napier grass were either grown in fields or greenhouses in Tokyo (Japan) and Lampung (Indonesia), and then their roots were exposed from adjacent soil profiles. Both species developed large, deep roots, penetrating 2.0-2.6 m deep into the soil. Root depth indexes showed that the roots of both species penetrated much deeper into the soil compared to monocot crop species, being more comparable to dicot species. Erianthus developed a root mass and length of 384-850 g·m-2 and 28.8-35.8 km·m-2, while the values for Napier grass were 183-448 g·m-2 and 15.6-43.6 km·m-2, respectively. These values exceeded the maximum values previously recorded for common crop species. Our study confirmed that Erianthus and Napier grass develop deep root systems, with substantially large biomass;hence, we suggest that both plants supply root biomass in large quantities, representing possible major sources of soil organic matter.
