为解决煤矿锚索材料在缓慢大变形和瞬时大变形支护时出现的问题,采用理论分析、实验室测试、现场试验等相结合的方法,研发由恒阻装置和锚索体组成的煤矿专用高恒阻大变形锚索;室内试验得出恒阻锚索静力拉伸时,可保持350 k N的恒阻力,延...为解决煤矿锚索材料在缓慢大变形和瞬时大变形支护时出现的问题,采用理论分析、实验室测试、现场试验等相结合的方法,研发由恒阻装置和锚索体组成的煤矿专用高恒阻大变形锚索;室内试验得出恒阻锚索静力拉伸时,可保持350 k N的恒阻力,延伸量可达300~950 mm;动力冲击荷载时在达到极限延伸量1.6 m时,冲击阻力基本稳定在280~375 k N;恒阻锚索以滑脱破坏失效代替传统锚索的崩断破坏。在锚索受力超出恒阻值后,恒阻器进入滑移阶段,该阶段恒阻器温度呈现先陡然增加后缓慢减小趋于平缓的特征,最高温度35.6°;并且随着锚索拉伸量的增加恒阻套管外径均匀增大的负泊松比的工程材料特性,外径最大增加量4.1 mm,负泊松比值-0.5^-2.0。在回采巷道爆破冲击破坏试验、高瓦斯恒阻锚索留巷、浅埋大断面切顶成巷等大变形巷道工程中的现场试验,恒阻器滑移量最大值57 mm,具有低温、高预紧力、大延伸量等支护优势,支护效果良好,在软岩巷道支护、深井支护、冲击巷道、动压巷道等支护实践中,具有良好的推广价值。展开更多
Cemented tailings backfill(CTB) have increasingly been used in recent years to improve the stability of mining stopes in deep underground mines. Deep mining processes are often associated with rock bursting and high-s...Cemented tailings backfill(CTB) have increasingly been used in recent years to improve the stability of mining stopes in deep underground mines. Deep mining processes are often associated with rock bursting and high-speed dynamic loading conditions. Therefore, it is important to investigate the characteristics and dynamic mechanical behavior of CTB. This paper presents the results of dynamic tests on CTB specimens with different cement and solid contents using a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB). The results showed that some CTB specimens exhibited one to two lower stress peaks after reaching dynamic peak stress before they completely failed. The greater the cement-to-tailings ratio is, the more obvious the strain reaction. This property mainly manifested as follows. First,the dynamic peak stress increased with the increase of the cement-to-tailings ratio when the impact velocity was fixed. Second, the dynamic peak stress had a quadratic relationship with the average stress rate. Third, the cement-to-tailings ratio could enhance the increase rate of dynamic peak stress with strain rate. In addition, the dynamic strength enhancement factor K increased with the increase of strain rate, and its value was larger than that of the rock samples. The failure modes of CTB specimens under low-speed impact were tensile failure and X conjugate shear failure, where were nearly the same as those under static uniaxial and triaxial compression. The CTB specimens were crushed and broken under critical strain, a failure mode similar to that of low-strength concrete. The results of the experimental research can improve the understanding of the dynamic mechanical properties of CTB and guide the strength design of deep mining backfills.展开更多
文摘为解决煤矿锚索材料在缓慢大变形和瞬时大变形支护时出现的问题,采用理论分析、实验室测试、现场试验等相结合的方法,研发由恒阻装置和锚索体组成的煤矿专用高恒阻大变形锚索;室内试验得出恒阻锚索静力拉伸时,可保持350 k N的恒阻力,延伸量可达300~950 mm;动力冲击荷载时在达到极限延伸量1.6 m时,冲击阻力基本稳定在280~375 k N;恒阻锚索以滑脱破坏失效代替传统锚索的崩断破坏。在锚索受力超出恒阻值后,恒阻器进入滑移阶段,该阶段恒阻器温度呈现先陡然增加后缓慢减小趋于平缓的特征,最高温度35.6°;并且随着锚索拉伸量的增加恒阻套管外径均匀增大的负泊松比的工程材料特性,外径最大增加量4.1 mm,负泊松比值-0.5^-2.0。在回采巷道爆破冲击破坏试验、高瓦斯恒阻锚索留巷、浅埋大断面切顶成巷等大变形巷道工程中的现场试验,恒阻器滑移量最大值57 mm,具有低温、高预紧力、大延伸量等支护优势,支护效果良好,在软岩巷道支护、深井支护、冲击巷道、动压巷道等支护实践中,具有良好的推广价值。
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC0604602)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. FRF-TP-17-029A2)the Open fund of Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, Ministry of Education of China (No. ustbmslab201803)
文摘Cemented tailings backfill(CTB) have increasingly been used in recent years to improve the stability of mining stopes in deep underground mines. Deep mining processes are often associated with rock bursting and high-speed dynamic loading conditions. Therefore, it is important to investigate the characteristics and dynamic mechanical behavior of CTB. This paper presents the results of dynamic tests on CTB specimens with different cement and solid contents using a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB). The results showed that some CTB specimens exhibited one to two lower stress peaks after reaching dynamic peak stress before they completely failed. The greater the cement-to-tailings ratio is, the more obvious the strain reaction. This property mainly manifested as follows. First,the dynamic peak stress increased with the increase of the cement-to-tailings ratio when the impact velocity was fixed. Second, the dynamic peak stress had a quadratic relationship with the average stress rate. Third, the cement-to-tailings ratio could enhance the increase rate of dynamic peak stress with strain rate. In addition, the dynamic strength enhancement factor K increased with the increase of strain rate, and its value was larger than that of the rock samples. The failure modes of CTB specimens under low-speed impact were tensile failure and X conjugate shear failure, where were nearly the same as those under static uniaxial and triaxial compression. The CTB specimens were crushed and broken under critical strain, a failure mode similar to that of low-strength concrete. The results of the experimental research can improve the understanding of the dynamic mechanical properties of CTB and guide the strength design of deep mining backfills.
