本试验通过PCR-RFLP技术对大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪的视黄醇结合蛋白4(retinol binding protein 4,RBP4)基因第4外显子MspⅠ酶切位点进行多态性分析,并对各基因型母猪的第2、3胎次产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重、21日龄的窝...本试验通过PCR-RFLP技术对大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪的视黄醇结合蛋白4(retinol binding protein 4,RBP4)基因第4外显子MspⅠ酶切位点进行多态性分析,并对各基因型母猪的第2、3胎次产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重、21日龄的窝重及断奶成活率进行测定,进而分析RBP4基因多态性与繁殖性能的关系。结果表明,RBP4基因在3个品种中均存在多态位点;χ2适合性检验表明大白猪在该位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P<0.05),而长白猪和杜洛克猪在该位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。其中,大白猪中优势基因型为BB基因型,而长白猪和杜洛克猪中优势基因型为AA基因型。在繁殖性能上,长白猪BB基因型群体第2胎总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重、21日龄断奶窝重分别高于AA基因型0.97头、1.28头、0.92头、1.74kg和4.42kg,高于AB基因型0.92头、1.02头、0.98头、1.43kg和4.98kg;第3胎次中总体上BB基因型也为有利基因型。展开更多
【背景】在提高畜牧生产效率中,遗传育种的贡献率占比最高。通过育种可使畜牧企业提高生产效率,获得最大的经济效益。目前,基因组选择已经成为动植物育种中广泛应用的技术手段。基因组选择能够利用覆盖全基因组的高密度标记对育种值进...【背景】在提高畜牧生产效率中,遗传育种的贡献率占比最高。通过育种可使畜牧企业提高生产效率,获得最大的经济效益。目前,基因组选择已经成为动植物育种中广泛应用的技术手段。基因组选择能够利用覆盖全基因组的高密度标记对育种值进行估计,与系谱信息相比,利用这些标记得到的个体间平均亲缘关系更加准确,从而能更准确地估计育种值(Estimate breeding values,EBV),对个体进行选育。在实际育种中,对所有个体进行基因分型是不现实的,尤其是猪这种个体经济价值较小的物种,这限制了基因组选择在猪育种中的应用。一步法(single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction,ssGBLUP)能够同时利用系谱和基因型信息,允许只测定部分个体的基因型,在保持较高预测准确性的同时,大大降低基因分型成本。目前,已经有很多研究表明,在猪育种中使用基因组选择方法能够提高预测准确性,但在实际育种中,育种成本也是畜牧企业考虑的一个重要问题。因此,如何经济有效地实施育种方案,具有重大的研究价值。【目的】通过对一步法基因组选择在杜洛克猪群体评估效果的研究,为基因组选择育种方案提供依据。【方法】以福建某猪场2009—2018年出生的杜洛克猪群体的3个重要经济性状为研究对象,比较了BLUP、GBLUP和一步法等方法在杜洛克猪生长性状上的基因组预测准确性与估计育种值预测可靠性,探究了当参考群中具有不同比例的基因型个体时,一步法预测准确性的变化规律。【结果】(1)达100 kg日龄、背膘厚和眼肌面积的遗传力分别为0.257±0.038、0.250±0.039和0.399±0.040;(2)ssGBLUP相比于BLUP准确性提升14.7%—51.1%;相比于GBLUP准确性提升13.4%—45.7%;(3)10%—30%的个体有基因型时,ssGBLUP预测的准确性超过BLUP;在40%—60%的个体有基因型时,准确性提升速度降低,趋于平缓。【结论】(1)与BL展开更多
This study explored the developmental changes in small intestinal barrier function and the potential regulatory roles of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in different breeds of piglets during suckling and weaning...This study explored the developmental changes in small intestinal barrier function and the potential regulatory roles of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in different breeds of piglets during suckling and weaning periods.Taoyuan black(TB),Xiangcun black(XB),and Duroc(DR)piglets(10 litters per breed;half male and half female)were selected for sampling to evaluate the intestinal barrier-related indexes and intestinal microbiota and metabolites at 1,10,21(weaned),and 24(3 d after weaning)d old.The results showed that weaning led to severe shedding of small intestinal microvilli and sparse microvilli arrangement.D-lactate level in the ileum of TB and XB piglets during suckling and weaning periods was lower(P<0.01)than that of DR piglets,as well as the ileal diamine oxidase level at 1 d old.The expression level of mucin 1 was higher(P<0.05)in the ileum of TB and XB piglets than that of DR piglets,and it was the highest in the ileum of TB piglets at 21 d old.The expression levels of mucin 2 and mucin 13 were higher(P<0.10)in TB and XB piglets than those of DR piglets at 21 d old,whereas mucin2 and mucin 13 in the ileum of TB and XB piglets were higher(P<0.05)than those of DR piglets at 24 d old.TB and XB piglets had a lower relative abundance of Escherichia_Shigella at 21 and 24 d old,but they had higher Streptococcus at 1 and 24 d old than DR piglets(P<0.01).Differential metabolites between the three breeds of piglets were mainly related to oxidative phosphorylation,steroid biosynthesis,and bile acid synthesis.Collectively,these findings suggest that different pig breeds present differences in the development of the small intestinal barrier function.Compared with DR piglets,TB and XB piglets had higher intestinal permeability during the suckling period and a stronger intestinal mechanical barrier after weaning.Moreover,intestinal microbiota and metabolites are the key factors for developing small intestinal barrier functions in different breeds of piglets.展开更多
The Duroc pig has high adaptability and feeding efficiency, making it one of the most popular pig breeds worldwide. Over long periods of natural and artificial selection, genetic footprints, i.e., selective signatures...The Duroc pig has high adaptability and feeding efficiency, making it one of the most popular pig breeds worldwide. Over long periods of natural and artificial selection, genetic footprints, i.e., selective signatures, were left in the genome. In this study, a Duroc pig population （n=715） was genotyped with the Porcine SNP60K Bead Chip and the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler （GGP） Porcine Chip. The relative extended haplotype homozygosity （REHH） method was used for selective signature detection in a subset of the population （n=368）, selected to represent a balanced family structure. In total, 154 significant core regions were detected as selective signatures （,P〈0.01）, some of which overlap with previously reported quantitative trait loci associated with several economically important traits, including average daily gain and backfat thickness. Genome annotation for these significant core regions revealed a variety of interesting candidate genes including GATA3, TAF3, ATP5C1, and FGFI. These genes were functionally related to anterior/posterior pattern specification, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling, embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis, and oxidation-reduction processes. This research provides knowledge for the study of selection mechanisms and breeding practices in Duroc and other pigs.展开更多
文摘本试验通过PCR-RFLP技术对大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪的视黄醇结合蛋白4(retinol binding protein 4,RBP4)基因第4外显子MspⅠ酶切位点进行多态性分析,并对各基因型母猪的第2、3胎次产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重、21日龄的窝重及断奶成活率进行测定,进而分析RBP4基因多态性与繁殖性能的关系。结果表明,RBP4基因在3个品种中均存在多态位点;χ2适合性检验表明大白猪在该位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P<0.05),而长白猪和杜洛克猪在该位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。其中,大白猪中优势基因型为BB基因型,而长白猪和杜洛克猪中优势基因型为AA基因型。在繁殖性能上,长白猪BB基因型群体第2胎总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重、21日龄断奶窝重分别高于AA基因型0.97头、1.28头、0.92头、1.74kg和4.42kg,高于AB基因型0.92头、1.02头、0.98头、1.43kg和4.98kg;第3胎次中总体上BB基因型也为有利基因型。
文摘【背景】在提高畜牧生产效率中,遗传育种的贡献率占比最高。通过育种可使畜牧企业提高生产效率,获得最大的经济效益。目前,基因组选择已经成为动植物育种中广泛应用的技术手段。基因组选择能够利用覆盖全基因组的高密度标记对育种值进行估计,与系谱信息相比,利用这些标记得到的个体间平均亲缘关系更加准确,从而能更准确地估计育种值(Estimate breeding values,EBV),对个体进行选育。在实际育种中,对所有个体进行基因分型是不现实的,尤其是猪这种个体经济价值较小的物种,这限制了基因组选择在猪育种中的应用。一步法(single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction,ssGBLUP)能够同时利用系谱和基因型信息,允许只测定部分个体的基因型,在保持较高预测准确性的同时,大大降低基因分型成本。目前,已经有很多研究表明,在猪育种中使用基因组选择方法能够提高预测准确性,但在实际育种中,育种成本也是畜牧企业考虑的一个重要问题。因此,如何经济有效地实施育种方案,具有重大的研究价值。【目的】通过对一步法基因组选择在杜洛克猪群体评估效果的研究,为基因组选择育种方案提供依据。【方法】以福建某猪场2009—2018年出生的杜洛克猪群体的3个重要经济性状为研究对象,比较了BLUP、GBLUP和一步法等方法在杜洛克猪生长性状上的基因组预测准确性与估计育种值预测可靠性,探究了当参考群中具有不同比例的基因型个体时,一步法预测准确性的变化规律。【结果】(1)达100 kg日龄、背膘厚和眼肌面积的遗传力分别为0.257±0.038、0.250±0.039和0.399±0.040;(2)ssGBLUP相比于BLUP准确性提升14.7%—51.1%;相比于GBLUP准确性提升13.4%—45.7%;(3)10%—30%的个体有基因型时,ssGBLUP预测的准确性超过BLUP;在40%—60%的个体有基因型时,准确性提升速度降低,趋于平缓。【结论】(1)与BL
基金supported by the Key Project of Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2056)Youth Foundation of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2021JJB130431)+1 种基金Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region of Chinese Academy of Sciences(ISA2022105)Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province(2019RS3022)
文摘This study explored the developmental changes in small intestinal barrier function and the potential regulatory roles of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in different breeds of piglets during suckling and weaning periods.Taoyuan black(TB),Xiangcun black(XB),and Duroc(DR)piglets(10 litters per breed;half male and half female)were selected for sampling to evaluate the intestinal barrier-related indexes and intestinal microbiota and metabolites at 1,10,21(weaned),and 24(3 d after weaning)d old.The results showed that weaning led to severe shedding of small intestinal microvilli and sparse microvilli arrangement.D-lactate level in the ileum of TB and XB piglets during suckling and weaning periods was lower(P<0.01)than that of DR piglets,as well as the ileal diamine oxidase level at 1 d old.The expression level of mucin 1 was higher(P<0.05)in the ileum of TB and XB piglets than that of DR piglets,and it was the highest in the ileum of TB piglets at 21 d old.The expression levels of mucin 2 and mucin 13 were higher(P<0.10)in TB and XB piglets than those of DR piglets at 21 d old,whereas mucin2 and mucin 13 in the ileum of TB and XB piglets were higher(P<0.05)than those of DR piglets at 24 d old.TB and XB piglets had a lower relative abundance of Escherichia_Shigella at 21 and 24 d old,but they had higher Streptococcus at 1 and 24 d old than DR piglets(P<0.01).Differential metabolites between the three breeds of piglets were mainly related to oxidative phosphorylation,steroid biosynthesis,and bile acid synthesis.Collectively,these findings suggest that different pig breeds present differences in the development of the small intestinal barrier function.Compared with DR piglets,TB and XB piglets had higher intestinal permeability during the suckling period and a stronger intestinal mechanical barrier after weaning.Moreover,intestinal microbiota and metabolites are the key factors for developing small intestinal barrier functions in different breeds of piglets.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-35)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772556)+2 种基金the Basic Work of Science and Technology Project, China (2014FY120800)the Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou, China (201506010027)the Guangdong S&T Project, China (2017A020208043)
文摘The Duroc pig has high adaptability and feeding efficiency, making it one of the most popular pig breeds worldwide. Over long periods of natural and artificial selection, genetic footprints, i.e., selective signatures, were left in the genome. In this study, a Duroc pig population （n=715） was genotyped with the Porcine SNP60K Bead Chip and the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler （GGP） Porcine Chip. The relative extended haplotype homozygosity （REHH） method was used for selective signature detection in a subset of the population （n=368）, selected to represent a balanced family structure. In total, 154 significant core regions were detected as selective signatures （,P〈0.01）, some of which overlap with previously reported quantitative trait loci associated with several economically important traits, including average daily gain and backfat thickness. Genome annotation for these significant core regions revealed a variety of interesting candidate genes including GATA3, TAF3, ATP5C1, and FGFI. These genes were functionally related to anterior/posterior pattern specification, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling, embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis, and oxidation-reduction processes. This research provides knowledge for the study of selection mechanisms and breeding practices in Duroc and other pigs.
