OBJECTIVE： The increasing popularity and widespread use of traditional Chinese herbs as alterna- tive medicine have sparked an interest in understanding their biosafety, especially in decoctions that are consumed. Th...OBJECTIVE： The increasing popularity and widespread use of traditional Chinese herbs as alterna- tive medicine have sparked an interest in understanding their biosafety, especially in decoctions that are consumed. This study aimed to assess the level of microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed herbal medicine in Malay- sia and the effects of boiling on these contamination levels. METHODS： Four commonly consumed Chinese herbal medicine in Malaysia-＂Eight Treasure Herbal Tea＂, ＂Herbal Tea＂, Xiyangshen （Radix Panacis Quin- quefolii） and Dangshen （Radix Codonopsis） were evaluated in this study. Herbal medicines were pre- pared as boiled and non-boiled decoctions, and their microbial enumeration and heavy metal detection were conducted with plate assay and atom- ic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS： Findings revealed that herbal medicines generally had 6 Iogl0cfu/mL microbial cells and that boiling had significantly reduced microbial contaminants, where no Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. were recovered. Heavy metals such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe and Zn were also detect- ed from all the samples, generally in low concentra- tions （〈1 mg/L） except for Mn （18.545 mg/L）. All de- coctions （after boiling） have reduced concentra- tions of Cu, while others were not significantly dif- ferent. Comparisons between samples with single and multi-herbs suggest level of microbial and metal contamination is not influenced by number of herbs in sample. CONCLUSION： Herbal medicines generally have microbial and heavy metal contaminants. However, the boiling process to generate decoctions was able to successfully reduce the number of microbes and Cu, ensuring safety of herbal medicines for consumption.展开更多
目的:探讨纳洛酮联合氟马西尼治疗苯二氮卓类药物中毒的临床疗效,为临床应用提供指导意见。方法:将我院自2012-10-2014-03收治的苯二氮卓药物中毒患者60例,依据患者知情同意原则,随机分为纳洛酮治疗组、纳洛酮与氟马西尼联合治疗组,每...目的:探讨纳洛酮联合氟马西尼治疗苯二氮卓类药物中毒的临床疗效,为临床应用提供指导意见。方法:将我院自2012-10-2014-03收治的苯二氮卓药物中毒患者60例,依据患者知情同意原则,随机分为纳洛酮治疗组、纳洛酮与氟马西尼联合治疗组,每组30例。记录患者治疗前后格拉斯哥昏迷评分量表(glasgow coma scale,GCS)评分、平均清醒恢复时间和1h内治愈率及不良反应情况。结果:纳洛酮与氟马西尼联合治疗组各项观察指标均优于纳洛酮治疗组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中联合治疗组患者GCS均值为(13.4±2.1)优于纳洛酮治疗组的(9.8±2.4);联合治疗组患者平均苏醒时间为(5.83±4.12)h,而纳洛酮治疗组为(12.13±6.05)h;联合治疗组患者1h内治愈率为83%,而纳洛酮治疗组仅为56%。结论:纳洛酮与氟马西尼联合治疗苯二氮卓类药物中毒,能缩短患者清醒恢复时间,显著提高疗效,值得在临床上大力推广和应用。展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE： The increasing popularity and widespread use of traditional Chinese herbs as alterna- tive medicine have sparked an interest in understanding their biosafety, especially in decoctions that are consumed. This study aimed to assess the level of microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed herbal medicine in Malay- sia and the effects of boiling on these contamination levels. METHODS： Four commonly consumed Chinese herbal medicine in Malaysia-＂Eight Treasure Herbal Tea＂, ＂Herbal Tea＂, Xiyangshen （Radix Panacis Quin- quefolii） and Dangshen （Radix Codonopsis） were evaluated in this study. Herbal medicines were pre- pared as boiled and non-boiled decoctions, and their microbial enumeration and heavy metal detection were conducted with plate assay and atom- ic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS： Findings revealed that herbal medicines generally had 6 Iogl0cfu/mL microbial cells and that boiling had significantly reduced microbial contaminants, where no Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. were recovered. Heavy metals such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe and Zn were also detect- ed from all the samples, generally in low concentra- tions （〈1 mg/L） except for Mn （18.545 mg/L）. All de- coctions （after boiling） have reduced concentra- tions of Cu, while others were not significantly dif- ferent. Comparisons between samples with single and multi-herbs suggest level of microbial and metal contamination is not influenced by number of herbs in sample. CONCLUSION： Herbal medicines generally have microbial and heavy metal contaminants. However, the boiling process to generate decoctions was able to successfully reduce the number of microbes and Cu, ensuring safety of herbal medicines for consumption.
文摘目的:探讨纳洛酮联合氟马西尼治疗苯二氮卓类药物中毒的临床疗效,为临床应用提供指导意见。方法:将我院自2012-10-2014-03收治的苯二氮卓药物中毒患者60例,依据患者知情同意原则,随机分为纳洛酮治疗组、纳洛酮与氟马西尼联合治疗组,每组30例。记录患者治疗前后格拉斯哥昏迷评分量表(glasgow coma scale,GCS)评分、平均清醒恢复时间和1h内治愈率及不良反应情况。结果:纳洛酮与氟马西尼联合治疗组各项观察指标均优于纳洛酮治疗组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中联合治疗组患者GCS均值为(13.4±2.1)优于纳洛酮治疗组的(9.8±2.4);联合治疗组患者平均苏醒时间为(5.83±4.12)h,而纳洛酮治疗组为(12.13±6.05)h;联合治疗组患者1h内治愈率为83%,而纳洛酮治疗组仅为56%。结论:纳洛酮与氟马西尼联合治疗苯二氮卓类药物中毒,能缩短患者清醒恢复时间,显著提高疗效,值得在临床上大力推广和应用。
