[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the protective effect of abscisic acid on chilling injury of Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and whether this effect is related to antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustmen...[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the protective effect of abscisic acid on chilling injury of Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and whether this effect is related to antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment.[Methods]D.sanguinalis plants were sprayed with abscisic acid solution,and exposed to cold stress at 15℃for 3 d after one day and then at 5℃for 25 to 30 d in a growth chamber.The changes of plant osmotic potential under this treatment were detected.[Results]Under low temperature stress,the osmotic potential of plants in the abscisic acid treatment and the control increased,but the osmotic potential level of the abscisic acid treatment plants was lower.The SOD activity of plants in the ABA treatment and the control decreased under low temperature stress.Under low temperature stress,the activity of catalase and peroxidase in ABA-treated plants was higher than that in control plants.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the impact of abscisic acid on the physiological response of D.sanguinalis to cold injury.展开更多
Rice false smut is caused by ascomycete Villosiclava virens, whose potential alternative hosts have been assumed previ- ously. Here its potential alternative hosts were surveyed and identified from 2008 to 2013 in the...Rice false smut is caused by ascomycete Villosiclava virens, whose potential alternative hosts have been assumed previ- ously. Here its potential alternative hosts were surveyed and identified from 2008 to 2013 in the main rice-growing regions in China. Two common weeds in paddy fields, Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. and Echinochloa crusgalli （L.） Beauv., were found to present the similar symptoms to smut diseases in a few individuals in 2012 and 2013 in Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces of China, respectively. After the examinations of the spore morphology, their infection and extension mode in hosts, pathogen cell wall components, and molecular identification, the two pathogens were identified to be the Basidiomycetes, Ustilago syntherismae and Ustilago trichophora, respectively. So far there has been no alternative host of V. virens to be identified in China. These suggest that the alternative hosts of V. virens, if they do exist, are not possible to play an important role in the pathogen life cycle and the disease epidemics.展开更多
Digitaria sanguinalis is an annual worst weed in the grass family that occurs in all parts of China.It mainly does harm to dryland crops and direct-sowing rice fields.In agricultural production,chemical herbicides are...Digitaria sanguinalis is an annual worst weed in the grass family that occurs in all parts of China.It mainly does harm to dryland crops and direct-sowing rice fields.In agricultural production,chemical herbicides are mainly used to control them,but the problems of environmental pollution and drug resistance caused by chemical herbicides have become more and more severe,which is in urgent need of integrated management.In this paper,the biological characteristics,chemical control,microbial control and allelopathy of D.sanguinalis were reviewed.展开更多
Safeners are an important tool used to ensure the safe using of herbicide. This research was conducted to determine the effects of nicosulfuron alone and in combination with herbicide safeners on waxy maize （Zea mays...Safeners are an important tool used to ensure the safe using of herbicide. This research was conducted to determine the effects of nicosulfuron alone and in combination with herbicide safeners on waxy maize （Zea mays L. var. ceratina Kulesh） injury, as well as on barnyard grass （Echinochioa crus-galli） and large crabgrass control （Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop）. Whole-plant experiments were conducted under laboratory condition, by using post emergence treatment with safeners and nicosulfuron. The results showed that the herbicide safeners isoxadifen-ethyl （IE） and cyprosulfamide （CS） were more effective in reducing waxy maize injury from nicosulfuron than fenchlorazole-ethyl （FE）, cloquintocet-mexyl （CM） and mefenpyr-diethyl （MD）. Whole-plant dose-response experiments showed that nicosulfuron in combination with IE or CS increased its herbicidal activities against barnyard grass and large crabgrass. To confirm the result, a mixture of IE or CS and nicosulfuron were sprayed on waxy maize in the field, by using a backpack plot sprayer with a flat-fan nozzle. The mixture led to lower phytotoxicity than nicosulfuron alone. The mixture tested did not affect the maize grain weight. The results showed that IE and CS could enhance crop safety and extend the use of nicosulfuron on waxy maize.展开更多
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project (2023NK4289).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the protective effect of abscisic acid on chilling injury of Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and whether this effect is related to antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment.[Methods]D.sanguinalis plants were sprayed with abscisic acid solution,and exposed to cold stress at 15℃for 3 d after one day and then at 5℃for 25 to 30 d in a growth chamber.The changes of plant osmotic potential under this treatment were detected.[Results]Under low temperature stress,the osmotic potential of plants in the abscisic acid treatment and the control increased,but the osmotic potential level of the abscisic acid treatment plants was lower.The SOD activity of plants in the ABA treatment and the control decreased under low temperature stress.Under low temperature stress,the activity of catalase and peroxidase in ABA-treated plants was higher than that in control plants.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the impact of abscisic acid on the physiological response of D.sanguinalis to cold injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271999)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (200903039-5)
文摘Rice false smut is caused by ascomycete Villosiclava virens, whose potential alternative hosts have been assumed previ- ously. Here its potential alternative hosts were surveyed and identified from 2008 to 2013 in the main rice-growing regions in China. Two common weeds in paddy fields, Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. and Echinochloa crusgalli （L.） Beauv., were found to present the similar symptoms to smut diseases in a few individuals in 2012 and 2013 in Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces of China, respectively. After the examinations of the spore morphology, their infection and extension mode in hosts, pathogen cell wall components, and molecular identification, the two pathogens were identified to be the Basidiomycetes, Ustilago syntherismae and Ustilago trichophora, respectively. So far there has been no alternative host of V. virens to be identified in China. These suggest that the alternative hosts of V. virens, if they do exist, are not possible to play an important role in the pathogen life cycle and the disease epidemics.
基金Supported by the Open Fund for the Innovation Platform of Colleges and Universities in Hunan Province(15K066,16K047)the Training Program for the Industrialization of Colleges and Universities in Hunan Province(13CY030)
文摘Digitaria sanguinalis is an annual worst weed in the grass family that occurs in all parts of China.It mainly does harm to dryland crops and direct-sowing rice fields.In agricultural production,chemical herbicides are mainly used to control them,but the problems of environmental pollution and drug resistance caused by chemical herbicides have become more and more severe,which is in urgent need of integrated management.In this paper,the biological characteristics,chemical control,microbial control and allelopathy of D.sanguinalis were reviewed.
文摘Safeners are an important tool used to ensure the safe using of herbicide. This research was conducted to determine the effects of nicosulfuron alone and in combination with herbicide safeners on waxy maize （Zea mays L. var. ceratina Kulesh） injury, as well as on barnyard grass （Echinochioa crus-galli） and large crabgrass control （Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop）. Whole-plant experiments were conducted under laboratory condition, by using post emergence treatment with safeners and nicosulfuron. The results showed that the herbicide safeners isoxadifen-ethyl （IE） and cyprosulfamide （CS） were more effective in reducing waxy maize injury from nicosulfuron than fenchlorazole-ethyl （FE）, cloquintocet-mexyl （CM） and mefenpyr-diethyl （MD）. Whole-plant dose-response experiments showed that nicosulfuron in combination with IE or CS increased its herbicidal activities against barnyard grass and large crabgrass. To confirm the result, a mixture of IE or CS and nicosulfuron were sprayed on waxy maize in the field, by using a backpack plot sprayer with a flat-fan nozzle. The mixture led to lower phytotoxicity than nicosulfuron alone. The mixture tested did not affect the maize grain weight. The results showed that IE and CS could enhance crop safety and extend the use of nicosulfuron on waxy maize.
