Wear and friction properties of surface modified Cu nanoparticles as 50CC oil additive were studied. The effect of temperature on tribological properties of Cu nanoparticles was investigated on a four-ball tester. The...Wear and friction properties of surface modified Cu nanoparticles as 50CC oil additive were studied. The effect of temperature on tribological properties of Cu nanoparticles was investigated on a four-ball tester. The morphologies, typical element distribution and chemical states of the worn surfaces were characterized by SEM, EDS and XPS, respectively. In order to further investigate the tribological mechanism of Cu nanoparticles, a nano-indentation tester was utilized to measure the micro mechanical properties of the worn surface. The results indicate that the higher the oil temperature applied, the better the tribological properties of Cu nanoparticles are. It can be inferred that a thin copper protective film with lower elastic modulus and hardness is formed on the worn surface, which results in the good tribological performances of Cu nanoparticles, especially when the oil temperature is higher.展开更多
利用液相法合成均径为57.5 nm的纳米铜颗粒,并对纳米铜颗粒进行系统的表征,包括有扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)、透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscope,TEM)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)以及...利用液相法合成均径为57.5 nm的纳米铜颗粒,并对纳米铜颗粒进行系统的表征,包括有扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)、透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscope,TEM)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)以及热重分析(Thermal gravity analysis,TGA)和差热分析(Differential thermal analysis,DTA),并利用超声手段将纳米铜颗粒均匀分散在水溶液中,从而得到了纳米铜焊膏。采取模板印刷的方法制备镍/纳米铜焊膏/铜的三明治结构,并研究不同脉冲电流烧结工艺下的三明治结构的剪切强度、截面微结构以及断口微结构特征。试验结果表明三明治结构的剪切强度随着电流的增加而增大,在电流为0.8 k A时,剪切强度可达到46.3 MPa,脉冲电流烧结纳米铜焊膏连接铜和镍基板在短时间(小于200 ms)内快速获得了高致密度、性能优良的焊点结构,同时纳米铜颗粒之间以及纳米铜颗粒与微米级的铜基板和镍基板之间实现了牢固的冶金连接。通过分析经脉冲电流烧结后得到的纳米铜焊膏内部的显微组织特征,提出了脉冲电流烧结纳米铜焊膏的烧结机理。展开更多
Efficient and sustainable use of water-based lubricants is essential for energy efficiency.Therefore,the use of water-lubricated mechanical systems instead of conventional oil lubricants is extremely attractive from t...Efficient and sustainable use of water-based lubricants is essential for energy efficiency.Therefore,the use of water-lubricated mechanical systems instead of conventional oil lubricants is extremely attractive from the viewpoint of resource conservation.In this study,water-soluble Cu nanoparticles of size approximately 3 nm were prepared at room temperature(around 25 °C) via in-situ surface modification.The tribological behavior of the as-synthesized Cu nanoparticles as an additive in distilled water was evaluated using a universal micro-tribotester.The results show that the as-synthesized Cu nanoparticles,as a water-based lubricant additive,can significantly improve the tribological properties of distilled water.In particular,the lowest friction coefficient of 0.06 was obtained via lubrication with a concentration of 0.6 wt% of Cu nanoparticles in distilled water,which is a reduction of 80.6% compared with that obtained via lubrication with distilled water alone.It is considered that some Cu nanoparticles entered the contact area of the friction pairs to form a complex lubricating film and prevent direct contact of the friction pairs.Furthermore,some Cu nanoparticles in the solution accelerate the heat transfer process,which also results in good tribological properties.展开更多
The rational design and construction of inexpensive and highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great importance for water splitting.Herein,we develop a facile approach for preparation...The rational design and construction of inexpensive and highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great importance for water splitting.Herein,we develop a facile approach for preparation of porous carbon-confined Ru-doped Cu nanoparticles(denoted as Ru-Cu@C)by direct pyrolysis of the Ru-exchanged Cu-BTC metal–organic framework.When served as the electrocatalyst for HER,strikingly,the obtained Ru-Cu@C catalyst exhibits an ultralow overpotential(only 20 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))with a small Tafel slope of 37 m V dec^(-1)in alkaline electrolyte.The excellent performance is comparable or even superior to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm that introducing Ru atoms into Cu nanocrystals can significantly alter the desorption of H_(2) to achieve a close-to-zero hydrogen adsorption energy and thereby boost the HER process.This strategy gives a fresh impetus to explore low-cost and high-performance catalysts for HER in alkaline media.展开更多
Cu nanoparticles were prepared by reducing Cu2＋ ions with ascorbic acid through aqueous solution reduction method. The effects of solution pH and average size of Cu2O particles on the preparation of Cu nanoparticles ...Cu nanoparticles were prepared by reducing Cu2＋ ions with ascorbic acid through aqueous solution reduction method. The effects of solution pH and average size of Cu2O particles on the preparation of Cu nanoparticles were investigated. Cu particles were prepared at pH 3, 5 or 7, with the smallest Cu particles obtained at pH 7. However, Cu particles could not be prepared at pH 9 or 11. The average size of Cu2O particles can affect that of Cu particles. Larger Cu2O particles result in larger Cu particles. In addition, experiments were conducted to explore the reaction process by measuring the X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns of specimens collected at different time points during the reaction. It was found that Cu（OH）2 was initially formed as a precursor, followed by the formation of Cu2O, which was finally reduced to Cu particles.展开更多
本文通过营养液培养实验,研究Cu O纳米颗粒(nanoparticles,NPs)悬浮液对拟南芥叶片生长、叶绿体活性氧产生和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,Cu O NPs悬浮液处理96 h后,拟南芥叶片生长受到显著抑制,叶绿体中过氧化氢(H2O2)、羟基自由基(OH&...本文通过营养液培养实验,研究Cu O纳米颗粒(nanoparticles,NPs)悬浮液对拟南芥叶片生长、叶绿体活性氧产生和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,Cu O NPs悬浮液处理96 h后,拟南芥叶片生长受到显著抑制,叶绿体中过氧化氢(H2O2)、羟基自由基(OH·)和超氧阴离子(O2–·)含量均随着NPs处理浓度的增加和时间的延长而逐渐上升;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量增加。这表明Cu O NPs能激发植物细胞的防御反应,这种防御反应与Cu O NPs存在时间-剂量关系。展开更多
基金Project(2007CB607601) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(50735006) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(9140C8502010702) supported by the National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing FoundationProject(9140A27030206OC8501) supported by the Key Program for Pre-research of Chinese Government
文摘Wear and friction properties of surface modified Cu nanoparticles as 50CC oil additive were studied. The effect of temperature on tribological properties of Cu nanoparticles was investigated on a four-ball tester. The morphologies, typical element distribution and chemical states of the worn surfaces were characterized by SEM, EDS and XPS, respectively. In order to further investigate the tribological mechanism of Cu nanoparticles, a nano-indentation tester was utilized to measure the micro mechanical properties of the worn surface. The results indicate that the higher the oil temperature applied, the better the tribological properties of Cu nanoparticles are. It can be inferred that a thin copper protective film with lower elastic modulus and hardness is formed on the worn surface, which results in the good tribological performances of Cu nanoparticles, especially when the oil temperature is higher.
文摘利用液相法合成均径为57.5 nm的纳米铜颗粒,并对纳米铜颗粒进行系统的表征,包括有扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)、透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscope,TEM)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)以及热重分析(Thermal gravity analysis,TGA)和差热分析(Differential thermal analysis,DTA),并利用超声手段将纳米铜颗粒均匀分散在水溶液中,从而得到了纳米铜焊膏。采取模板印刷的方法制备镍/纳米铜焊膏/铜的三明治结构,并研究不同脉冲电流烧结工艺下的三明治结构的剪切强度、截面微结构以及断口微结构特征。试验结果表明三明治结构的剪切强度随着电流的增加而增大,在电流为0.8 k A时,剪切强度可达到46.3 MPa,脉冲电流烧结纳米铜焊膏连接铜和镍基板在短时间(小于200 ms)内快速获得了高致密度、性能优良的焊点结构,同时纳米铜颗粒之间以及纳米铜颗粒与微米级的铜基板和镍基板之间实现了牢固的冶金连接。通过分析经脉冲电流烧结后得到的纳米铜焊膏内部的显微组织特征,提出了脉冲电流烧结纳米铜焊膏的烧结机理。
基金the financial support provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(project of “973” Plan,grant No.2013CB632303)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.51405132,21671053 and 51605143)
文摘Efficient and sustainable use of water-based lubricants is essential for energy efficiency.Therefore,the use of water-lubricated mechanical systems instead of conventional oil lubricants is extremely attractive from the viewpoint of resource conservation.In this study,water-soluble Cu nanoparticles of size approximately 3 nm were prepared at room temperature(around 25 °C) via in-situ surface modification.The tribological behavior of the as-synthesized Cu nanoparticles as an additive in distilled water was evaluated using a universal micro-tribotester.The results show that the as-synthesized Cu nanoparticles,as a water-based lubricant additive,can significantly improve the tribological properties of distilled water.In particular,the lowest friction coefficient of 0.06 was obtained via lubrication with a concentration of 0.6 wt% of Cu nanoparticles in distilled water,which is a reduction of 80.6% compared with that obtained via lubrication with distilled water alone.It is considered that some Cu nanoparticles entered the contact area of the friction pairs to form a complex lubricating film and prevent direct contact of the friction pairs.Furthermore,some Cu nanoparticles in the solution accelerate the heat transfer process,which also results in good tribological properties.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB0605700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51778570,51879230,21725101,21871244,21521001,and 21703145)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019TQ0298,2019M660151)Fujian Institute of Innovation(CAS)。
文摘The rational design and construction of inexpensive and highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great importance for water splitting.Herein,we develop a facile approach for preparation of porous carbon-confined Ru-doped Cu nanoparticles(denoted as Ru-Cu@C)by direct pyrolysis of the Ru-exchanged Cu-BTC metal–organic framework.When served as the electrocatalyst for HER,strikingly,the obtained Ru-Cu@C catalyst exhibits an ultralow overpotential(only 20 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))with a small Tafel slope of 37 m V dec^(-1)in alkaline electrolyte.The excellent performance is comparable or even superior to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm that introducing Ru atoms into Cu nanocrystals can significantly alter the desorption of H_(2) to achieve a close-to-zero hydrogen adsorption energy and thereby boost the HER process.This strategy gives a fresh impetus to explore low-cost and high-performance catalysts for HER in alkaline media.
文摘Cu nanoparticles were prepared by reducing Cu2＋ ions with ascorbic acid through aqueous solution reduction method. The effects of solution pH and average size of Cu2O particles on the preparation of Cu nanoparticles were investigated. Cu particles were prepared at pH 3, 5 or 7, with the smallest Cu particles obtained at pH 7. However, Cu particles could not be prepared at pH 9 or 11. The average size of Cu2O particles can affect that of Cu particles. Larger Cu2O particles result in larger Cu particles. In addition, experiments were conducted to explore the reaction process by measuring the X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns of specimens collected at different time points during the reaction. It was found that Cu（OH）2 was initially formed as a precursor, followed by the formation of Cu2O, which was finally reduced to Cu particles.
文摘本文通过营养液培养实验,研究Cu O纳米颗粒(nanoparticles,NPs)悬浮液对拟南芥叶片生长、叶绿体活性氧产生和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,Cu O NPs悬浮液处理96 h后,拟南芥叶片生长受到显著抑制,叶绿体中过氧化氢(H2O2)、羟基自由基(OH·)和超氧阴离子(O2–·)含量均随着NPs处理浓度的增加和时间的延长而逐渐上升;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量增加。这表明Cu O NPs能激发植物细胞的防御反应,这种防御反应与Cu O NPs存在时间-剂量关系。
