Analysis of carcinogenicity data generally involves a trend test across all dose groups and a pairwise comparison of the high dose group with the control. The most commonly used test for a positive trend is the Cochra...Analysis of carcinogenicity data generally involves a trend test across all dose groups and a pairwise comparison of the high dose group with the control. The most commonly used test for a positive trend is the Cochran-Armitage test. This test is asymptotically normal. For the pairwise comparison of the high dose group with the control group, we propose two modifications: the first modification is to apply the test on the data from high dose and control groups after dropping the data from the low and the medium dose groups;the second modification is to adjust the test conditional on data from all dose groups. We compare the power performance of these two modifications for the pairwise comparisons.展开更多
目的:致癌性试验是药物非临床安全性评价和上市风险控制的重要组成部分,由于其试验周期长、费用高,且试验设计、实施以及结果评估和解释十分复杂,FDA要求申办方在致癌性试验正式开展前,预先向药品审评中心(CDER)提交"特别方案评估&...目的:致癌性试验是药物非临床安全性评价和上市风险控制的重要组成部分,由于其试验周期长、费用高,且试验设计、实施以及结果评估和解释十分复杂,FDA要求申办方在致癌性试验正式开展前,预先向药品审评中心(CDER)提交"特别方案评估"(Special Protocol Assessment,SPA)的申请文件,针对拟开展的啮齿动物致癌性试验设计,征求FDA的审评意见。本文将详细介绍并探讨美国FDA关于致癌性试验SPA的流程及相关法规的要点,以期为国内药物研发机构、临床前合同研究组织(Contract Research Organization,CRO)、注册申报机构以及监管机构提供参考。方法:结合FDA致癌性试验"特别方案评估"指导原则的要求和相关工作经验,从致癌性试验方案提交FDA审评部门前的准备、提交程序、SPA审评文件材料内容的关注要点,以及FDA相关审评部门和致癌性评估执行委员会(ECAC)内部审评流程等方面予以介绍。结果与结论:申办方应了解并熟悉致癌性试验SPA文件提交和评估的过程,并严格按照法规要求,加强与监管部门的沟通交流,从而获取科学性意见和建议,为顺利开展长期致癌性试验提供帮助。展开更多
Objective：To establish the integrity experiment method of short（ medium）- term carcinogenicity test pursuant to GLP, make into relative SOP and improve the safeguard in the center. Methods：Diethylinitrosamine（DEN...Objective：To establish the integrity experiment method of short（ medium）- term carcinogenicity test pursuant to GLP, make into relative SOP and improve the safeguard in the center. Methods：Diethylinitrosamine（DEN） is known as carcinogenic agent, whose target organ is liver. Using the two-stage carcinogenesis test method, DEN was treated to F344 rats via intraperitoneal injection singly（200 mg/kg） , and peros administrated for 90 days（10 ppm）. The liver in any group rat will be examined by light microscopy. Results：In pathologic examination, no liver cell tumor was shown in the livers of the rats that were singly treated with a carcinogenic chemical-DEN. Foci of cellular alteration were observed in the livers of these rats. The proliferation lesions of liver from slight to seveity （foci of cellular aherationepatocelluar adenoma-hepatocellular carcinoma） were observed in the livers of the rats which exposed peros to a low dose of DEN for 90 days after initiation by a single intraperitoneal injection. The incidence of hepatocelluar tumor was 35% in male animal ,which was not shown in the liver of female rat. Conclusion：For current results, it may be possible that low-dose DEN acts as a promotor of hepatocelluar tumor if it was exposed in a population for a long time. It is considered that male hormone has a synergistic effect on hepatocelluar tumor development of DEN. This two-stage carcinogenesis test might be a new model for the study of drug induced and promoted carcinogenesis, which could be used to evaluate the carcinogenesis of chemical compound fast.展开更多
文摘Analysis of carcinogenicity data generally involves a trend test across all dose groups and a pairwise comparison of the high dose group with the control. The most commonly used test for a positive trend is the Cochran-Armitage test. This test is asymptotically normal. For the pairwise comparison of the high dose group with the control group, we propose two modifications: the first modification is to apply the test on the data from high dose and control groups after dropping the data from the low and the medium dose groups;the second modification is to adjust the test conditional on data from all dose groups. We compare the power performance of these two modifications for the pairwise comparisons.
文摘目的:致癌性试验是药物非临床安全性评价和上市风险控制的重要组成部分,由于其试验周期长、费用高,且试验设计、实施以及结果评估和解释十分复杂,FDA要求申办方在致癌性试验正式开展前,预先向药品审评中心(CDER)提交"特别方案评估"(Special Protocol Assessment,SPA)的申请文件,针对拟开展的啮齿动物致癌性试验设计,征求FDA的审评意见。本文将详细介绍并探讨美国FDA关于致癌性试验SPA的流程及相关法规的要点,以期为国内药物研发机构、临床前合同研究组织(Contract Research Organization,CRO)、注册申报机构以及监管机构提供参考。方法:结合FDA致癌性试验"特别方案评估"指导原则的要求和相关工作经验,从致癌性试验方案提交FDA审评部门前的准备、提交程序、SPA审评文件材料内容的关注要点,以及FDA相关审评部门和致癌性评估执行委员会(ECAC)内部审评流程等方面予以介绍。结果与结论:申办方应了解并熟悉致癌性试验SPA文件提交和评估的过程,并严格按照法规要求,加强与监管部门的沟通交流,从而获取科学性意见和建议,为顺利开展长期致癌性试验提供帮助。
基金‘863’Foundation of National Science and Technology MinistryGrant number:2002AA2Z3771
文摘Objective：To establish the integrity experiment method of short（ medium）- term carcinogenicity test pursuant to GLP, make into relative SOP and improve the safeguard in the center. Methods：Diethylinitrosamine（DEN） is known as carcinogenic agent, whose target organ is liver. Using the two-stage carcinogenesis test method, DEN was treated to F344 rats via intraperitoneal injection singly（200 mg/kg） , and peros administrated for 90 days（10 ppm）. The liver in any group rat will be examined by light microscopy. Results：In pathologic examination, no liver cell tumor was shown in the livers of the rats that were singly treated with a carcinogenic chemical-DEN. Foci of cellular alteration were observed in the livers of these rats. The proliferation lesions of liver from slight to seveity （foci of cellular aherationepatocelluar adenoma-hepatocellular carcinoma） were observed in the livers of the rats which exposed peros to a low dose of DEN for 90 days after initiation by a single intraperitoneal injection. The incidence of hepatocelluar tumor was 35% in male animal ,which was not shown in the liver of female rat. Conclusion：For current results, it may be possible that low-dose DEN acts as a promotor of hepatocelluar tumor if it was exposed in a population for a long time. It is considered that male hormone has a synergistic effect on hepatocelluar tumor development of DEN. This two-stage carcinogenesis test might be a new model for the study of drug induced and promoted carcinogenesis, which could be used to evaluate the carcinogenesis of chemical compound fast.
