Nitric oxide （NO） as an immunoregulatory molecule, predominantly depending on S-nitrosylation, acts as a versatile player that executes its regulation and signal transduction for exerting its multi-functions and ple...Nitric oxide （NO） as an immunoregulatory molecule, predominantly depending on S-nitrosylation, acts as a versatile player that executes its regulation and signal transduction for exerting its multi-functions and pleiotropy. Apoptosis of immune cells is an intricate process coupled with positive/negative selection depending on integrated diverse endogenous and exogenous signals and functions to sustain homeostasis in the immune system. Here, the dual roles of NO depending on its concentration in apoptosis are reviewed, breeding up a switch mode in the apoptotic process. Following comments of different switches from apoptosis-death, a new finding of checkpoint （early fluorescence point） of GSNO-initiated thymocyte apoptosis and NOS-GSNOR double control are highlighted. Moreover, S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation, being as a redox switch, logically approaches to networks of metabolism itself and further accesses the neuroendicrine-immune-free radical network as a whole. Moreover, the host defense mediated by NO on pathogens, via protein S-nitrosylation are also discussed.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the major form of primary liver cancer and one of the most prevalent and life-threatening malignancies globally. One of the hallmarks in HCC is the sustained cell survival and prolifer...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the major form of primary liver cancer and one of the most prevalent and life-threatening malignancies globally. One of the hallmarks in HCC is the sustained cell survival and proliferative signals, which are determined by the balance between oncogenes and tumor suppressors.Transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β) is an effective growth inhibitor of epithelial cells including hepatocytes, through induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, cellular senescence, or autophagy. The antitumorigenic effects of TGF-β are bypassed during liver tumorigenesis via multiple mechanisms.Furthermore, along with malignant progression, TGF-β switches to promote cancer cell survival and proliferation. This dichotomous nature of TGF-β is one of the barriers to therapeutic targeting in liver cancer. Thereafter, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is a prerequisite for discovering novel antitumor drugs that may specifically disable the growth-promoting branch of TGF-β signaling or restore its tumor-suppressive arm. This review summarizes how TGF-β inhibits or promotes liver cancer cell survival and proliferation, highlighting the functional switch mechanisms during the process.展开更多
The mobile Internet and Internet of Things are considered the main driving forc⁃es of 5G,as they require an ultra-dense deployment of small base stations to meet the in⁃creasing traffic demands.5G new radio(NR)access ...The mobile Internet and Internet of Things are considered the main driving forc⁃es of 5G,as they require an ultra-dense deployment of small base stations to meet the in⁃creasing traffic demands.5G new radio(NR)access is designed to enable denser network deployments,while leading to a significant concern about the network energy consump⁃tion.Energy consumption is a main part of network operational expense(OPEX),and base stations work as the main energy consumption equipment in the radio access network(RAN).In order to achieve RAN energy efficiency(EE),switching off cells is a strategy to reduce the energy consumption of networks during off-peak conditions.This paper intro⁃duces NR cell switching on/off schemes in 3GPP to achieve energy efficiency in 5G RAN,including intra-system energy saving(ES)scheme and inter-system ES scheme.Addition⁃ally,NR architectural features including central unit/distributed unit(CU/DU)split and dual connectivity(DC)are also considered in NR energy saving.How to apply artificial in⁃telligence(AI)into 5G networks is a new topic in 3GPP,and we also propose a machine learning(ML)based scheme to save energy by switching off the cell selected relying on the load prediction.According to the experiment results in the real wireless environment,the ML based ES scheme can reduce more power consumption than the conventional ES scheme without load prediction.展开更多
The zinc finger transcription factor, Ikaros, is a central regulator of hematopoiesis. It is required for the development of the earliest B cell progenitors and at later stages for VDJ recombination and B cell recepto...The zinc finger transcription factor, Ikaros, is a central regulator of hematopoiesis. It is required for the development of the earliest B cell progenitors and at later stages for VDJ recombination and B cell receptors expression. Mature B cells rely on Ikaros to set the activation threshold for various stimuli, and to choose the correct antibody isotype during class switch recombination. Thus, Ikaros contributes to nearly every level of B cell differentiation and function.展开更多
Arterial stiffness due to the vessel remodeling is closely linked to raised blood pressure,and its physiopathologic mechanism is still not fully understood.We here aimed to explore whether extracellular vesicle(EV)med...Arterial stiffness due to the vessel remodeling is closely linked to raised blood pressure,and its physiopathologic mechanism is still not fully understood.We here aimed to explore whether extracellular vesicle(EV)mediated intercellular communication between endothelium and smooth muscle cell contribute to the blood vessel remodeling under hypertension.We here revealed that the arterial endothelial cells robustly secreted EV,which in turn could be circulated and/or directly taken up by the subendothelial smooth muscle cells(SMC).Under hypertension,the EV secretion increased and the miRNA profile changed significantly mainly due to the raised mechanical force and subsequent enhanced reactive oxygen species generation.Among the miRNA cargos in the EV,miR-320d/423-5p were found increased most significantly.In vivo delivery of miR-320d/423-5p mimics via engineered EV increased their expression in arterial vessels,recapitulating the phenotype in hypertension.In contrast,therapeutic delivery of miR-320d/423-5p inhibitors via engineered EV alleviated the phenotype in spontaneous hypertension rat model.Together,we have found that the injured endothelium due to the raised mechanical force in hypertension contributes to the arterial wall remodeling via the secreted EV.Our study has not only provided novel insights on the mechanism of hypertension associated blood vessel wall remodeling,but also shed light on therapeutic intervention of hypertension associated vascular diseases.展开更多
In ultra-dense heterogeneous networks, the co-channel inter- ference between small cells turns to be the major challenge to cell throughput improvement, especially for cell edge users. In this paper, we propose a dist...In ultra-dense heterogeneous networks, the co-channel inter- ference between small cells turns to be the major challenge to cell throughput improvement, especially for cell edge users. In this paper, we propose a distributed frequency resource al- location approach for interference cancellation, which allo- cates appropriate frequency resources when a small cell is switched on to reduce the co-channel interference to its neigh- boring small cells. This frequency resource pre-allocation aims at avoiding co-channel interference between small ceils and improving users ＇ throughput. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme can effectively reduce the co-chan- nel interference and achieve considerable gains in users＇ through put.展开更多
This paper presents a two-channel 12-bit current-steering digital-to-analog converter（DAC） for I and Q signal paths in a wireless transmitter.The proposed DAC has a full-scale output current with an adjusting range ...This paper presents a two-channel 12-bit current-steering digital-to-analog converter（DAC） for I and Q signal paths in a wireless transmitter.The proposed DAC has a full-scale output current with an adjusting range of 2 to 10 mA.A gain matching circuit is proposed to reduce gain mismatch between the I and Q channels.The tuning range is±24%of full scale and the minimum resolution is 1/16 LSB.To further improve its dynamic performance, the switch driver and current cell are optimized to minimize glitch energy.The chip has been processed in a standard 0.13μm CMOS technology.Gain mismatch between a 1-channel DAC and a Q-channel DAC is measured to be approximately 0.13%.At 120-MSPS sample rate for 1 MHz sinusoidal signal,the spurious free dynamic range （SFDR） is 75 dB.The total power dissipation is 62 mW and has an active area of 1.08 mm^2.展开更多
Switch policy is essential for small cells to properly serve variable number of users in an energy efficient way.However,frequently switching small cell base stations(SBSs) may increase the network operating cost,espe...Switch policy is essential for small cells to properly serve variable number of users in an energy efficient way.However,frequently switching small cell base stations(SBSs) may increase the network operating cost,especially when there is an nonnegligible start-up energy cost.To this end,by observing the variety of user number,we focus on the design of a switch policy which minimize the cumulative energy consumption.A given user transmission rate is guaranteed and the capability of SBSs are limited as well.According to the knowledge on user number variety,we classify the energy consumption problem into two cases.In complete information case,to minimize the cumulative energy consumption,an offline solution is proposed according to critical segments.A heuristic algorithm for incomplete information case(HAIIC) is proposed by tracking the difference of cumulative energy consumption.The upper bound of the Energy Consumption Ratio(ECR) for HAIIC is derived as well.In addition,a practical Q-learning based probabilistic policy is proposed.Simulation results show that the proposed HAIIC algorithm is able to save energy efficiently.展开更多
基金The work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （2006CB911000, 2006CB503900）the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30770512, 39770202）.
文摘Nitric oxide （NO） as an immunoregulatory molecule, predominantly depending on S-nitrosylation, acts as a versatile player that executes its regulation and signal transduction for exerting its multi-functions and pleiotropy. Apoptosis of immune cells is an intricate process coupled with positive/negative selection depending on integrated diverse endogenous and exogenous signals and functions to sustain homeostasis in the immune system. Here, the dual roles of NO depending on its concentration in apoptosis are reviewed, breeding up a switch mode in the apoptotic process. Following comments of different switches from apoptosis-death, a new finding of checkpoint （early fluorescence point） of GSNO-initiated thymocyte apoptosis and NOS-GSNOR double control are highlighted. Moreover, S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation, being as a redox switch, logically approaches to networks of metabolism itself and further accesses the neuroendicrine-immune-free radical network as a whole. Moreover, the host defense mediated by NO on pathogens, via protein S-nitrosylation are also discussed.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671460,31871378 and 32060148)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China(20171ACB21004)to X.Y。
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the major form of primary liver cancer and one of the most prevalent and life-threatening malignancies globally. One of the hallmarks in HCC is the sustained cell survival and proliferative signals, which are determined by the balance between oncogenes and tumor suppressors.Transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β) is an effective growth inhibitor of epithelial cells including hepatocytes, through induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, cellular senescence, or autophagy. The antitumorigenic effects of TGF-β are bypassed during liver tumorigenesis via multiple mechanisms.Furthermore, along with malignant progression, TGF-β switches to promote cancer cell survival and proliferation. This dichotomous nature of TGF-β is one of the barriers to therapeutic targeting in liver cancer. Thereafter, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is a prerequisite for discovering novel antitumor drugs that may specifically disable the growth-promoting branch of TGF-β signaling or restore its tumor-suppressive arm. This review summarizes how TGF-β inhibits or promotes liver cancer cell survival and proliferation, highlighting the functional switch mechanisms during the process.
文摘The mobile Internet and Internet of Things are considered the main driving forc⁃es of 5G,as they require an ultra-dense deployment of small base stations to meet the in⁃creasing traffic demands.5G new radio(NR)access is designed to enable denser network deployments,while leading to a significant concern about the network energy consump⁃tion.Energy consumption is a main part of network operational expense(OPEX),and base stations work as the main energy consumption equipment in the radio access network(RAN).In order to achieve RAN energy efficiency(EE),switching off cells is a strategy to reduce the energy consumption of networks during off-peak conditions.This paper intro⁃duces NR cell switching on/off schemes in 3GPP to achieve energy efficiency in 5G RAN,including intra-system energy saving(ES)scheme and inter-system ES scheme.Addition⁃ally,NR architectural features including central unit/distributed unit(CU/DU)split and dual connectivity(DC)are also considered in NR energy saving.How to apply artificial in⁃telligence(AI)into 5G networks is a new topic in 3GPP,and we also propose a machine learning(ML)based scheme to save energy by switching off the cell selected relying on the load prediction.According to the experiment results in the real wireless environment,the ML based ES scheme can reduce more power consumption than the conventional ES scheme without load prediction.
基金Supported by La Ligue Contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée),l’ Agence Nationale de la Recherche and La Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale,with institute funding from INSERM,CNRS and l’Université de Strasbourg
文摘The zinc finger transcription factor, Ikaros, is a central regulator of hematopoiesis. It is required for the development of the earliest B cell progenitors and at later stages for VDJ recombination and B cell receptors expression. Mature B cells rely on Ikaros to set the activation threshold for various stimuli, and to choose the correct antibody isotype during class switch recombination. Thus, Ikaros contributes to nearly every level of B cell differentiation and function.
基金funded by NSFC 31771507 and 81970737 to Yang GDNSFC 81871357 and 81671690 to Yuan LJ+4 种基金NSFC 81901751 to Xing CYProvincial Scientific Foundation of Shaan’Xi(2020TD-038)Innovative Development Fund of Tangdu Hospital(2018QYTS007)Clinical Trial Fund of Tangdu Hospital(2021LCYJ006)to Yuan LJfunded by MOST(2016YFA0102100).
文摘Arterial stiffness due to the vessel remodeling is closely linked to raised blood pressure,and its physiopathologic mechanism is still not fully understood.We here aimed to explore whether extracellular vesicle(EV)mediated intercellular communication between endothelium and smooth muscle cell contribute to the blood vessel remodeling under hypertension.We here revealed that the arterial endothelial cells robustly secreted EV,which in turn could be circulated and/or directly taken up by the subendothelial smooth muscle cells(SMC).Under hypertension,the EV secretion increased and the miRNA profile changed significantly mainly due to the raised mechanical force and subsequent enhanced reactive oxygen species generation.Among the miRNA cargos in the EV,miR-320d/423-5p were found increased most significantly.In vivo delivery of miR-320d/423-5p mimics via engineered EV increased their expression in arterial vessels,recapitulating the phenotype in hypertension.In contrast,therapeutic delivery of miR-320d/423-5p inhibitors via engineered EV alleviated the phenotype in spontaneous hypertension rat model.Together,we have found that the injured endothelium due to the raised mechanical force in hypertension contributes to the arterial wall remodeling via the secreted EV.Our study has not only provided novel insights on the mechanism of hypertension associated blood vessel wall remodeling,but also shed light on therapeutic intervention of hypertension associated vascular diseases.
文摘In ultra-dense heterogeneous networks, the co-channel inter- ference between small cells turns to be the major challenge to cell throughput improvement, especially for cell edge users. In this paper, we propose a distributed frequency resource al- location approach for interference cancellation, which allo- cates appropriate frequency resources when a small cell is switched on to reduce the co-channel interference to its neigh- boring small cells. This frequency resource pre-allocation aims at avoiding co-channel interference between small ceils and improving users ＇ throughput. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme can effectively reduce the co-chan- nel interference and achieve considerable gains in users＇ through put.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(No.2010ZX03002-001-02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.K50511250006)
文摘This paper presents a two-channel 12-bit current-steering digital-to-analog converter（DAC） for I and Q signal paths in a wireless transmitter.The proposed DAC has a full-scale output current with an adjusting range of 2 to 10 mA.A gain matching circuit is proposed to reduce gain mismatch between the I and Q channels.The tuning range is±24%of full scale and the minimum resolution is 1/16 LSB.To further improve its dynamic performance, the switch driver and current cell are optimized to minimize glitch energy.The chip has been processed in a standard 0.13μm CMOS technology.Gain mismatch between a 1-channel DAC and a Q-channel DAC is measured to be approximately 0.13%.At 120-MSPS sample rate for 1 MHz sinusoidal signal,the spurious free dynamic range （SFDR） is 75 dB.The total power dissipation is 62 mW and has an active area of 1.08 mm^2.
基金partially supported by National Key Project of China under Grants No. 2013ZX03001007-004National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 61102052,61325012,61271219,91438115 and 61221001
文摘Switch policy is essential for small cells to properly serve variable number of users in an energy efficient way.However,frequently switching small cell base stations(SBSs) may increase the network operating cost,especially when there is an nonnegligible start-up energy cost.To this end,by observing the variety of user number,we focus on the design of a switch policy which minimize the cumulative energy consumption.A given user transmission rate is guaranteed and the capability of SBSs are limited as well.According to the knowledge on user number variety,we classify the energy consumption problem into two cases.In complete information case,to minimize the cumulative energy consumption,an offline solution is proposed according to critical segments.A heuristic algorithm for incomplete information case(HAIIC) is proposed by tracking the difference of cumulative energy consumption.The upper bound of the Energy Consumption Ratio(ECR) for HAIIC is derived as well.In addition,a practical Q-learning based probabilistic policy is proposed.Simulation results show that the proposed HAIIC algorithm is able to save energy efficiently.
