在全球新冠疫情愈发严重的当下,记忆细胞在抗病毒感染中的优势使其受到了广泛的关注。最新的研究发现,CD4^(+)记忆T细胞(memory T cell,TM)的分化与效应应答需要特定抗原提呈细胞与微环境中细胞因子的辅助。它们严密地调控着胞内的转录...在全球新冠疫情愈发严重的当下,记忆细胞在抗病毒感染中的优势使其受到了广泛的关注。最新的研究发现,CD4^(+)记忆T细胞(memory T cell,TM)的分化与效应应答需要特定抗原提呈细胞与微环境中细胞因子的辅助。它们严密地调控着胞内的转录因子及能量代谢。该文总结并讨论了调控CD4^(+)TM生成、维持及再次应答的关键机制。在不同疾病背景下精准调控CD4^(+)TM的数量与功能将会是未来的一个巨大挑战。展开更多
Bone marrow precursor cells were extracted from C57BL/6J mice aged 7-8 weeks, and dendritic cells were purified using anti-CD1 lc （a specific marker for dendritic cells） antibody-coated magnetic beads. Immunofluores...Bone marrow precursor cells were extracted from C57BL/6J mice aged 7-8 weeks, and dendritic cells were purified using anti-CD1 lc （a specific marker for dendritic cells） antibody-coated magnetic beads. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the expression levels of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 were upregulated in dendritic cells activated by lipopolysaccharide. An enzyme Jmmunoassay showed that lipopolysaccharide and other Toll-like receptor ligands promoted the secretion of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 from activated dendritic cells. [3H]-thymidine incorporation demonstrated that endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 both inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocyte induced by activated dendritic cells. Furthermore, this immunosuppressive effect was blocked by CTOP, a specific antagonist of IJ-opioid receptors. Our experimental findings indicate that activated dendritic cells can induce the expression and secretion of endomorphins, and that endomorphins suppress T lymphocyte proliferation through activation of iJ-opioid receptors.展开更多
目的研究内吗啡肽-1和内吗啡肽-2在小鼠树突状细胞的表达。方法从7～8周龄的C57BL/6J小鼠骨髓提取骨髓前体细胞培养,经CD11c(树突状细胞的特异性标记)免疫磁珠分选,获得纯化的树突状细胞。流式细胞仪分析表明,CD11c阳性细胞纯度达95%以...目的研究内吗啡肽-1和内吗啡肽-2在小鼠树突状细胞的表达。方法从7～8周龄的C57BL/6J小鼠骨髓提取骨髓前体细胞培养,经CD11c(树突状细胞的特异性标记)免疫磁珠分选,获得纯化的树突状细胞。流式细胞仪分析表明,CD11c阳性细胞纯度达95%以上。免疫荧光染色研究内吗啡肽-1和内吗啡肽-2在树突状细胞的表达;酶免疫测定(enzyme immunoassay,EIA)的方法,检测培养树突状细胞上清液中的内吗啡肽-1和内吗啡肽-2的含量。结果免疫荧光染色表明,活化的树突状细胞内可分泌内吗啡肽-1和内吗啡肽-2;酶免疫测定检测结果表明,不同的Toll样受体(toll like receptor,TLR)配体活化树突状细胞促使分泌不同浓度的内吗啡肽-1和内吗啡肽-2。结论活化的树突状细胞可诱导内吗啡肽的表达。展开更多
<p style="text-align:justify;"> <span>Following organ transplantation</span><span>,</span><span> the outcome of the encounter between an APC and a T lymphocyte is str...<p style="text-align:justify;"> <span>Following organ transplantation</span><span>,</span><span> the outcome of the encounter between an APC and a T lymphocyte is strongly dependent on the presence of costimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, the former associated with allograft rejection and the latter with allograft acceptance. We evaluated the expression of PD-L2, GITR, ILT-2/3/5, and ILT-4 on graft-infiltrating cells procured by Fnab from human KTx under different immunosuppressive regimens. Methods: Fnab biopsies were performed on days 7 or 14</span><span> </span><span>-</span><span> </span><span>30 in stable KTx and on the day of acute rejection diagnosis. Cytopreparations were studied by the enzymatic avidin biotin complex staining. Results: Acute rejection group </span><span>showed a significant down-regulated expression of PD-L2, GITR, and ILT-2/3/5 </span><span>as compared to stable group, while for ILT-4 we did not find significant difference. Anti-IL2</span><i><span>α</span></i><span>R and rapamicyn treatment trend to down-regulate ILT-4 expression, although meaningless. A significant</span><span>ly</span><span> positive correlation was observed between PD-L2 and GITR expression in Fnab. The PPV for acute rejection diagnosis for both PD-L2 and GITR w</span><span>as</span><span> clearly above 0.8. Conclusions: Our findings point to an early entrance of cells expressing PD-L2, GITR and ILT-2/3/5 inside human KTx who are going to remain rejection-free. Both PD-L2 and GITR shared a high ability to rule-in and rule-out acute rejection.</span> </p>展开更多
Stimulator of interferon genes(STING)-mediated innate immune activation plays a key role in tumor-and self-DNA-elicited antitumor immunity and autoimmunity.However,STING can also suppress tumor immunity and autoimmuni...Stimulator of interferon genes(STING)-mediated innate immune activation plays a key role in tumor-and self-DNA-elicited antitumor immunity and autoimmunity.However,STING can also suppress tumor immunity and autoimmunity.STING signaling In host nonhematopoietic cells was reported to either protect against or promote graft-versus-host disease(GVHD),a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation(allo-HCT).Host hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells(APCs)play key roles in donor T-cell priming during GVHD initiation.However,how STING regulates host hematopoietic APCs after allo-HCT remains unknown.We utilized murine models of allo-HCT to assess the role of STING in hematopoietic APCs.STING-deficient recipients developed more severe GVHD after major histocompatibility complex-mismatched allo-HCT.Using bone marrow chimeras,we found that STING deficiency in host hematopoietic cells was primarily responsible for exacerbating the disease.Furthermore,STING on host CD11c+cells played a dominant role in suppressing allogeneic T-cell responses.Mechanistically,STING deficiency resulted in increased survival,activation,and function of APCs,including macrophages and dendritic cells.Consistently,constitutive activation of STING attenuated the survival,activation,and function of APCs isolated from STING V154M knock-in mice.STING-deficient APCs augmented donor T-cell expansion,chemokine receptor expression,and migration into intestinal tissues,resulting in accelerated/exacerbated GVHD.Using pharmacologic approaches,we demonstrated that systemic administration of a STING agonist(bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate)to recipient mice before transplantation significantly reduced GVHD mortality.In conclusion,we revealed a novel role of STING in APC activity that dictates T-cell allogeneic responses and validated STING as a potential therapeutic target for controlling GVHD after allo-HCT.展开更多
文摘在全球新冠疫情愈发严重的当下,记忆细胞在抗病毒感染中的优势使其受到了广泛的关注。最新的研究发现,CD4^(+)记忆T细胞(memory T cell,TM)的分化与效应应答需要特定抗原提呈细胞与微环境中细胞因子的辅助。它们严密地调控着胞内的转录因子及能量代谢。该文总结并讨论了调控CD4^(+)TM生成、维持及再次应答的关键机制。在不同疾病背景下精准调控CD4^(+)TM的数量与功能将会是未来的一个巨大挑战。
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Foundation of Anhui Province Universities,No.KJ2011A202the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81000074
文摘Bone marrow precursor cells were extracted from C57BL/6J mice aged 7-8 weeks, and dendritic cells were purified using anti-CD1 lc （a specific marker for dendritic cells） antibody-coated magnetic beads. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the expression levels of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 were upregulated in dendritic cells activated by lipopolysaccharide. An enzyme Jmmunoassay showed that lipopolysaccharide and other Toll-like receptor ligands promoted the secretion of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 from activated dendritic cells. [3H]-thymidine incorporation demonstrated that endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 both inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocyte induced by activated dendritic cells. Furthermore, this immunosuppressive effect was blocked by CTOP, a specific antagonist of IJ-opioid receptors. Our experimental findings indicate that activated dendritic cells can induce the expression and secretion of endomorphins, and that endomorphins suppress T lymphocyte proliferation through activation of iJ-opioid receptors.
文摘目的研究内吗啡肽-1和内吗啡肽-2在小鼠树突状细胞的表达。方法从7～8周龄的C57BL/6J小鼠骨髓提取骨髓前体细胞培养,经CD11c(树突状细胞的特异性标记)免疫磁珠分选,获得纯化的树突状细胞。流式细胞仪分析表明,CD11c阳性细胞纯度达95%以上。免疫荧光染色研究内吗啡肽-1和内吗啡肽-2在树突状细胞的表达;酶免疫测定(enzyme immunoassay,EIA)的方法,检测培养树突状细胞上清液中的内吗啡肽-1和内吗啡肽-2的含量。结果免疫荧光染色表明,活化的树突状细胞内可分泌内吗啡肽-1和内吗啡肽-2;酶免疫测定检测结果表明,不同的Toll样受体(toll like receptor,TLR)配体活化树突状细胞促使分泌不同浓度的内吗啡肽-1和内吗啡肽-2。结论活化的树突状细胞可诱导内吗啡肽的表达。
文摘<p style="text-align:justify;"> <span>Following organ transplantation</span><span>,</span><span> the outcome of the encounter between an APC and a T lymphocyte is strongly dependent on the presence of costimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, the former associated with allograft rejection and the latter with allograft acceptance. We evaluated the expression of PD-L2, GITR, ILT-2/3/5, and ILT-4 on graft-infiltrating cells procured by Fnab from human KTx under different immunosuppressive regimens. Methods: Fnab biopsies were performed on days 7 or 14</span><span> </span><span>-</span><span> </span><span>30 in stable KTx and on the day of acute rejection diagnosis. Cytopreparations were studied by the enzymatic avidin biotin complex staining. Results: Acute rejection group </span><span>showed a significant down-regulated expression of PD-L2, GITR, and ILT-2/3/5 </span><span>as compared to stable group, while for ILT-4 we did not find significant difference. Anti-IL2</span><i><span>α</span></i><span>R and rapamicyn treatment trend to down-regulate ILT-4 expression, although meaningless. A significant</span><span>ly</span><span> positive correlation was observed between PD-L2 and GITR expression in Fnab. The PPV for acute rejection diagnosis for both PD-L2 and GITR w</span><span>as</span><span> clearly above 0.8. Conclusions: Our findings point to an early entrance of cells expressing PD-L2, GITR and ILT-2/3/5 inside human KTx who are going to remain rejection-free. Both PD-L2 and GITR shared a high ability to rule-in and rule-out acute rejection.</span> </p>
基金supported in part by the Hollings Cancer Center Fellowship(to V.W.)NIH Grant R01CA163910(to C.-CAH.)NIH ROIs AI118305,HL137373,and HL140953(to X.-Z.Y.).
文摘Stimulator of interferon genes(STING)-mediated innate immune activation plays a key role in tumor-and self-DNA-elicited antitumor immunity and autoimmunity.However,STING can also suppress tumor immunity and autoimmunity.STING signaling In host nonhematopoietic cells was reported to either protect against or promote graft-versus-host disease(GVHD),a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation(allo-HCT).Host hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells(APCs)play key roles in donor T-cell priming during GVHD initiation.However,how STING regulates host hematopoietic APCs after allo-HCT remains unknown.We utilized murine models of allo-HCT to assess the role of STING in hematopoietic APCs.STING-deficient recipients developed more severe GVHD after major histocompatibility complex-mismatched allo-HCT.Using bone marrow chimeras,we found that STING deficiency in host hematopoietic cells was primarily responsible for exacerbating the disease.Furthermore,STING on host CD11c+cells played a dominant role in suppressing allogeneic T-cell responses.Mechanistically,STING deficiency resulted in increased survival,activation,and function of APCs,including macrophages and dendritic cells.Consistently,constitutive activation of STING attenuated the survival,activation,and function of APCs isolated from STING V154M knock-in mice.STING-deficient APCs augmented donor T-cell expansion,chemokine receptor expression,and migration into intestinal tissues,resulting in accelerated/exacerbated GVHD.Using pharmacologic approaches,we demonstrated that systemic administration of a STING agonist(bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate)to recipient mice before transplantation significantly reduced GVHD mortality.In conclusion,we revealed a novel role of STING in APC activity that dictates T-cell allogeneic responses and validated STING as a potential therapeutic target for controlling GVHD after allo-HCT.
