近年来,由于“北极放大”的气候效应,使得北极海冰变化受到了越来越多的关注。而作为海冰被动微波遥感的主要参数,海冰密集度SIC(Sea Ice Concentration)能够表征海冰的主要状态,可用于指导极区走航以及进行不同尺度的海冰变化研究。通...近年来,由于“北极放大”的气候效应,使得北极海冰变化受到了越来越多的关注。而作为海冰被动微波遥感的主要参数,海冰密集度SIC(Sea Ice Concentration)能够表征海冰的主要状态,可用于指导极区走航以及进行不同尺度的海冰变化研究。通过该参数还可以计算出海冰面积、海冰范围等信息,对极区冰情预测以及气候变化研究具有重要意义。本研究探讨了如何利用FY-3B/MWRI(FY-3B/MicroWave Radiometer Imager)较高分辨率通道数据来反演北极地区海冰密集度。基于ASI(ARTIST(Arctic Radiation and Turbulence Interaction STudy)Sea Ice)算法,本研究通过改进算法系点值的方法反演了北极地区海冰密集度,并将反演结果与MWRI海冰密集度产品进行了对比。首先利用Aqua/MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)反射率数据获得的海冰密集度对二者进行了验证。结果表明,本研究选用的新系点值ASI算法在全部数据集范围内的平均偏差与MWRI海冰密集度产品相当,但标准偏差和均方根误差均较之明显降低,且在海冰密集度低于95%时精度远高于MWRI产品;然后将二者与不莱梅大学的SIC_UB(Sea Ice Concentration from University of Bremen)海冰密集度产品进行了对比,其中本研究反演海冰密集度与SIC_UB产品的平均偏差和标准偏差分别为3.3%和10.6%,低于MWRI产品与SIC_UB产品之间的5.9%和16.4%;最后,对本研究反演结果、MWRI产品、NSIDC/AMSR-E(National Snow and Ice Data Center/Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS)产品以及SIC_UB产品的日均海冰密集度和海冰面积、海冰范围进行了时间序列对比,结果表明本研究反演海冰密集度的数值在3种统计方式下均显著低于MWRI产品,且较之更接近NSIDC/AMSR-E和SIC_UB产品。本研究利用国产卫星亮温数据反演的北极地区海冰密集度具有较高空间分辨率和较高精度,有利于北极地区气候变化的长时间序列研究。展开更多
The presence of the Kerguelen Plateau and surrounding bathymetric features has a strong influence on the persistently eastward flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current （ACC）, resulting in enhancement of surface chlorop...The presence of the Kerguelen Plateau and surrounding bathymetric features has a strong influence on the persistently eastward flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current （ACC）, resulting in enhancement of surface chlorophyll-a （Chl-α） in the downstream section of the plateau along the polar front （PF）. The phenomenon is reported in this paper as the island mass effect （IME）. Analysis of climatological Chl-a datasets from Aqua- Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （Aqua- MODIS） and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor （SeaWiFS） shows distinct bloomy plumes （Chl-α 〉 0.5 mg/m3） during austral spring-summer spreading as far as -1800 km offshore up to 98°E along the downstream of the north Kerguelen Plateau （NKP）. Similar IME phenomena is apparent over the south Kerguelen Plateau （SKP） with the phytoplankton bloom extending up to 96.7°E, along the southern boundary of ACC. The IME phenomena are pronounced only during austral spring-summer period with the availability of light and sedimentary source of iron from shallow plateau to sea surface that fertilizes the mixed layer. The NKP bloom peaks with a maximum areal extent of 1.315 million km2 during December, and the SKP bloom peaks during January with a time lag of one month. The blooms exist for at least 4 months of a year and are significant both as the base of regional food web and for regulating the biogeochemical cycle in the Southern Ocean. Even though the surface water above the Kerguelen Plateau is rich in Chl-a, an exception of an oligotrophic condition dominated between NKP and SKP due to apparent intrusion of iron limited low phytoplankton regime waters from the Enderby basin through the north- eastward Fawn Trough Current.展开更多
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） is one of the key instruments for NASA＇s Earth Observing System （EOS）, currently operating on both the Terra and Aqua satellites. The MODIS is a major adv...The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） is one of the key instruments for NASA＇s Earth Observing System （EOS）, currently operating on both the Terra and Aqua satellites. The MODIS is a major advance over the previous generation of sensors in terms of its spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions. It has 36 spectral bands： 20 reflective solar bands （RSB） with center wavelengths from 0.41 to 2.1 μm and 16 thermal emissive bands （TEB） with center wavelengths from 3.7 to 14.4 μm, making observations at three spatial resolutions： 250 m （bands 1-2）, 500 m （bands 3-7）, and lkm （bands 8-36）. MODIS is a cross-track scanning radiometer with a wide field-of-view, providing a complete global coverage of the Earth in less than 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua MODIS went through extensive pre-launch calibration and characterization at various levels. In orbit, the calibration and characterization tasks are performed using its on-board calibrators （OBCs） that include a solar diffuser （SD） and a solar diffuser stability monitor （SDSM）, a v-grooved flat panel blackbody （BB）, and a spectro-radiometric calibration assembly （SRCA）. In this paper, we present an overview of MODIS calibration and characterization activities, methodologies, and lessons learned from pre-launch characterization and in-orbit operation. Key issues discussed in this paper include in-orbit efforts of monitoring the noise characteristics of the detectors, tracking the solar diffuser and optics degradations, and updating the sensor＇s response versus scan angle. The experiences and lessons learned through MODIS have played and will continue to play major roles in the design and characterization of future sensors.展开更多
着重介绍了宽通道红外遥感器对应通道间的交叉辐射定标光谱匹配方法,并以FY-2CIR1、IR2与Terra/Aqua MODIS 31、32通道为切入点,进行通道间的光谱匹配计算,获取了两通道的光谱匹配因子,为实现这两种传感器红外分裂窗通道的交叉定标奠定...着重介绍了宽通道红外遥感器对应通道间的交叉辐射定标光谱匹配方法,并以FY-2CIR1、IR2与Terra/Aqua MODIS 31、32通道为切入点,进行通道间的光谱匹配计算,获取了两通道的光谱匹配因子,为实现这两种传感器红外分裂窗通道的交叉定标奠定了基础。该方法可以很好地应用于各种类型卫星红外遥感器的对应通道间交叉定标光谱匹配,为实现不同类红外遥感数据的辐射归一化提供了重要的方法借鉴,为建立一致的全球红外遥感观测数据库奠定了基础。展开更多
基金中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC022)中国科学院百人计划+9 种基金国家自然科学基金项目(41576003)广东省杰出青年基金项目(2014A030306049)广东省自然科学基金项目(2017A030313251)国家海洋局南海分局局长基金(1415、18106)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC022)100 Talents Program of The Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Natural Science Foundation of China(41576003)Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of Guangdong Province(2014A030306049)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2017A030313251)Director Foundation of South China Sea Branch,State Oceanic Administration(1415,18106)
文摘近年来,由于“北极放大”的气候效应,使得北极海冰变化受到了越来越多的关注。而作为海冰被动微波遥感的主要参数,海冰密集度SIC(Sea Ice Concentration)能够表征海冰的主要状态,可用于指导极区走航以及进行不同尺度的海冰变化研究。通过该参数还可以计算出海冰面积、海冰范围等信息,对极区冰情预测以及气候变化研究具有重要意义。本研究探讨了如何利用FY-3B/MWRI(FY-3B/MicroWave Radiometer Imager)较高分辨率通道数据来反演北极地区海冰密集度。基于ASI(ARTIST(Arctic Radiation and Turbulence Interaction STudy)Sea Ice)算法,本研究通过改进算法系点值的方法反演了北极地区海冰密集度,并将反演结果与MWRI海冰密集度产品进行了对比。首先利用Aqua/MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)反射率数据获得的海冰密集度对二者进行了验证。结果表明,本研究选用的新系点值ASI算法在全部数据集范围内的平均偏差与MWRI海冰密集度产品相当,但标准偏差和均方根误差均较之明显降低,且在海冰密集度低于95%时精度远高于MWRI产品;然后将二者与不莱梅大学的SIC_UB(Sea Ice Concentration from University of Bremen)海冰密集度产品进行了对比,其中本研究反演海冰密集度与SIC_UB产品的平均偏差和标准偏差分别为3.3%和10.6%,低于MWRI产品与SIC_UB产品之间的5.9%和16.4%;最后,对本研究反演结果、MWRI产品、NSIDC/AMSR-E(National Snow and Ice Data Center/Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS)产品以及SIC_UB产品的日均海冰密集度和海冰面积、海冰范围进行了时间序列对比,结果表明本研究反演海冰密集度的数值在3种统计方式下均显著低于MWRI产品,且较之更接近NSIDC/AMSR-E和SIC_UB产品。本研究利用国产卫星亮温数据反演的北极地区海冰密集度具有较高空间分辨率和较高精度,有利于北极地区气候变化的长时间序列研究。
文摘The presence of the Kerguelen Plateau and surrounding bathymetric features has a strong influence on the persistently eastward flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current （ACC）, resulting in enhancement of surface chlorophyll-a （Chl-α） in the downstream section of the plateau along the polar front （PF）. The phenomenon is reported in this paper as the island mass effect （IME）. Analysis of climatological Chl-a datasets from Aqua- Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （Aqua- MODIS） and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor （SeaWiFS） shows distinct bloomy plumes （Chl-α 〉 0.5 mg/m3） during austral spring-summer spreading as far as -1800 km offshore up to 98°E along the downstream of the north Kerguelen Plateau （NKP）. Similar IME phenomena is apparent over the south Kerguelen Plateau （SKP） with the phytoplankton bloom extending up to 96.7°E, along the southern boundary of ACC. The IME phenomena are pronounced only during austral spring-summer period with the availability of light and sedimentary source of iron from shallow plateau to sea surface that fertilizes the mixed layer. The NKP bloom peaks with a maximum areal extent of 1.315 million km2 during December, and the SKP bloom peaks during January with a time lag of one month. The blooms exist for at least 4 months of a year and are significant both as the base of regional food web and for regulating the biogeochemical cycle in the Southern Ocean. Even though the surface water above the Kerguelen Plateau is rich in Chl-a, an exception of an oligotrophic condition dominated between NKP and SKP due to apparent intrusion of iron limited low phytoplankton regime waters from the Enderby basin through the north- eastward Fawn Trough Current.
文摘The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） is one of the key instruments for NASA＇s Earth Observing System （EOS）, currently operating on both the Terra and Aqua satellites. The MODIS is a major advance over the previous generation of sensors in terms of its spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions. It has 36 spectral bands： 20 reflective solar bands （RSB） with center wavelengths from 0.41 to 2.1 μm and 16 thermal emissive bands （TEB） with center wavelengths from 3.7 to 14.4 μm, making observations at three spatial resolutions： 250 m （bands 1-2）, 500 m （bands 3-7）, and lkm （bands 8-36）. MODIS is a cross-track scanning radiometer with a wide field-of-view, providing a complete global coverage of the Earth in less than 2 days. Both Terra and Aqua MODIS went through extensive pre-launch calibration and characterization at various levels. In orbit, the calibration and characterization tasks are performed using its on-board calibrators （OBCs） that include a solar diffuser （SD） and a solar diffuser stability monitor （SDSM）, a v-grooved flat panel blackbody （BB）, and a spectro-radiometric calibration assembly （SRCA）. In this paper, we present an overview of MODIS calibration and characterization activities, methodologies, and lessons learned from pre-launch characterization and in-orbit operation. Key issues discussed in this paper include in-orbit efforts of monitoring the noise characteristics of the detectors, tracking the solar diffuser and optics degradations, and updating the sensor＇s response versus scan angle. The experiences and lessons learned through MODIS have played and will continue to play major roles in the design and characterization of future sensors.
文摘着重介绍了宽通道红外遥感器对应通道间的交叉辐射定标光谱匹配方法,并以FY-2CIR1、IR2与Terra/Aqua MODIS 31、32通道为切入点,进行通道间的光谱匹配计算,获取了两通道的光谱匹配因子,为实现这两种传感器红外分裂窗通道的交叉定标奠定了基础。该方法可以很好地应用于各种类型卫星红外遥感器的对应通道间交叉定标光谱匹配,为实现不同类红外遥感数据的辐射归一化提供了重要的方法借鉴,为建立一致的全球红外遥感观测数据库奠定了基础。
