During the 1960s, many changes reshaped the economy, the society and the arts. The Cold War, the Space Race, the construction of a new middle class in most western societies led by the postwar economic prosperity with...During the 1960s, many changes reshaped the economy, the society and the arts. The Cold War, the Space Race, the construction of a new middle class in most western societies led by the postwar economic prosperity with unprecedented urban growth followed by severe environmental problems fostered the design of spectacular urban utopian cities and mega-architectures. In those years, Japan was the source of highly influential bold and visionary urban and architectural ideas which relied on advanced technology. These ideas were conceived on the thought that cities could be seen as gigantic but impermanent entities able to transform itself according to an organic process of adaptation of its elementary components. This paper briefly revisits and critically discusses the legacy of the iconic mega-strnctural projects of Japanese Metabolist Movement and other visionary architects and planners of the 1960s, such as Paolo Soleri, Buckminster Fuller, Archigram. It attempts to enlighten the continuity with contemporary innovative and experimental urban models and ideas for the society and the city of the future, such as the Smart Cities, Eco-Cities, Green Urbanism, whose design is led by concerns related to climate change, the necessity of energy efficiency, the improvement of urban landscape and the valorization of depleted natural resources.展开更多
Playing a major role on social education in Shanxi anti-Japanese base area,the winter study movement is a popular education movement implemented by the Communist Party of China,which takes into consideration the base ...Playing a major role on social education in Shanxi anti-Japanese base area,the winter study movement is a popular education movement implemented by the Communist Party of China,which takes into consideration the base area’s reality and makes full use of the leisure time in winter of rural area.With a wide coverage of education in culture,politics,daily life,anti-Japanese war as well as other aspects.The winter study movement provides efficient education to rural peasants,achieving great effects on mobilization on the masses of the people.This paper focuses on the original archives of the grassroots,conveying comprehensive analysis on the institutional arrangement,organizational mechanism and specific implementation of the winter study movement,thus to provide an overall understanding of the winter study movement in Shanxi anti-Japanese base area from the perspective of mass mobilization.展开更多
Motherhood protection means that the government provides protective measures to help mothers during pregnancy and childbirth.During Taisho period,there was a heated discussion over motherhood protection among feminist...Motherhood protection means that the government provides protective measures to help mothers during pregnancy and childbirth.During Taisho period,there was a heated discussion over motherhood protection among feminists.The leading feminists in this discussion,Hiratsuka Raicho and Yosano Akiko,held totally opposed ideas towards motherhood protection.It is worth noting that the differences in their views are mainly due to their different life experiences.This heated debate lasted for several years,although it did not reach a concrete conclusion,it left a valuable legacy for later generations of feminists.Analyzing the reasons for their different attitudes and exploring the theoretical logic behind their different attitudes can provide lessons for solving the problems of low fertility and motherhood protection in Japan and the world today.To truly protect women's interest and promote gender equality,motherhood protection should focuses more on the plight of women due to childbirth than national interest,making becoming a mother no longer be an obstacle to women's self-achievement and personal independence.展开更多
文摘During the 1960s, many changes reshaped the economy, the society and the arts. The Cold War, the Space Race, the construction of a new middle class in most western societies led by the postwar economic prosperity with unprecedented urban growth followed by severe environmental problems fostered the design of spectacular urban utopian cities and mega-architectures. In those years, Japan was the source of highly influential bold and visionary urban and architectural ideas which relied on advanced technology. These ideas were conceived on the thought that cities could be seen as gigantic but impermanent entities able to transform itself according to an organic process of adaptation of its elementary components. This paper briefly revisits and critically discusses the legacy of the iconic mega-strnctural projects of Japanese Metabolist Movement and other visionary architects and planners of the 1960s, such as Paolo Soleri, Buckminster Fuller, Archigram. It attempts to enlighten the continuity with contemporary innovative and experimental urban models and ideas for the society and the city of the future, such as the Smart Cities, Eco-Cities, Green Urbanism, whose design is led by concerns related to climate change, the necessity of energy efficiency, the improvement of urban landscape and the valorization of depleted natural resources.
基金This paper is supported by the project of Shanxi province philosophy and social science research in higher school in 2018“Research on the tradition of social eduction in the communist bases—base on the investigation of Shanxi base areas“(Grant No.201803037)the project of Shanxi province philosophy and social science planning in 2020“Research on the social education textbooks in Shanxi Revolutionary Base from the perspective of mass mobilization”(Grant No.2020YJ009).
文摘Playing a major role on social education in Shanxi anti-Japanese base area,the winter study movement is a popular education movement implemented by the Communist Party of China,which takes into consideration the base area’s reality and makes full use of the leisure time in winter of rural area.With a wide coverage of education in culture,politics,daily life,anti-Japanese war as well as other aspects.The winter study movement provides efficient education to rural peasants,achieving great effects on mobilization on the masses of the people.This paper focuses on the original archives of the grassroots,conveying comprehensive analysis on the institutional arrangement,organizational mechanism and specific implementation of the winter study movement,thus to provide an overall understanding of the winter study movement in Shanxi anti-Japanese base area from the perspective of mass mobilization.
文摘Motherhood protection means that the government provides protective measures to help mothers during pregnancy and childbirth.During Taisho period,there was a heated discussion over motherhood protection among feminists.The leading feminists in this discussion,Hiratsuka Raicho and Yosano Akiko,held totally opposed ideas towards motherhood protection.It is worth noting that the differences in their views are mainly due to their different life experiences.This heated debate lasted for several years,although it did not reach a concrete conclusion,it left a valuable legacy for later generations of feminists.Analyzing the reasons for their different attitudes and exploring the theoretical logic behind their different attitudes can provide lessons for solving the problems of low fertility and motherhood protection in Japan and the world today.To truly protect women's interest and promote gender equality,motherhood protection should focuses more on the plight of women due to childbirth than national interest,making becoming a mother no longer be an obstacle to women's self-achievement and personal independence.
