The influence of different illumination intensities on cyanobacterial calcification induced removal of heavy metals from contaminated mine water was studied. Cyanobacterial calcification experiments were performed usi...The influence of different illumination intensities on cyanobacterial calcification induced removal of heavy metals from contaminated mine water was studied. Cyanobacterial calcification experiments were performed using a growth medium intended to simulate contaminated mine water. The results indicate that calcification can promote the removal of heavy metal ions. As the illumination intensity became stronger calcification rates increased and the removal of Zn2+ and Cd2+ became more obvious. When the illumination intensity was 10000 lux the removal of Pb2+ was the largest observed: stronger or weaker illumination reduced the amount of lead removed. The removal of three different heavy metals complies with an index function. For identical illumination intensities different ions were removed to different degrees.展开更多
The high-energy/high-intensity laser facility PHELIX of the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt,Germany,has been in operation since 2008.Here,we review the current system performance,which ...The high-energy/high-intensity laser facility PHELIX of the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt,Germany,has been in operation since 2008.Here,we review the current system performance,which is the result of continuous development and further improvement.Through its versatile frontend architecture,PHELIX can be operated in both long-and short-pulse modes,corresponding to ns-pulses with up to 1 kJ pulse energy and sub-ps,200 J pulses,respectively.In the short-pulse mode,the excellent temporal contrast and the control over the wavefront make PHELIX an ideal driver for secondary sources of high-energy ions,neutrons,electrons and X-rays.The long-pulse mode is mainly used for plasma heating,which can then be probed by the heavy-ion beam of the linear accelerator of GSI.In addition,PHELIX can now be used to generate X-rays for studying exotic states of matter created by heavy-ion heating using the ion beam of the heavy-ion synchrotron of GSI.展开更多
A new compact accelerating structure named Hybrid RFQ is proposed to accelerate a high-intensity low-energy heavy ion beam in HISCL （High Intensive heavy ion SuperConducting Linear accelerator）, which is an injector...A new compact accelerating structure named Hybrid RFQ is proposed to accelerate a high-intensity low-energy heavy ion beam in HISCL （High Intensive heavy ion SuperConducting Linear accelerator）, which is an injector of HIAF （Heavy Ion Advanced Research Facility）. It is combined by an alternative series of acceleration gaps and RFQ sections. The proposed structure has a high accelerating ability compared with a conventional RFQ and is more compact than traditional DTLs. A Hybrid RFQ is designed to accelerate 238U34＋ from 0.38 MeV/u to 1.33 MeV/u. The operation frequency is described to be 81.25 MHz at CW （continuous wave） mode. The design beam current is 1.0 mA. The results of beam dynamics and RF simulation of the Hybrid RFQ show that the structure has a good performance at the energy range for ion acceleration. The emittance growth is less than 5% in both directions and the RF power is less than 150 kW. In this paper, the results of beam dynamics and RF simulation of the Hybrid RFQ are presented.展开更多
Corn straw is an important source of carbon(C),and when applied to soil,it alters the accumulation and distribution of organic C.However,the mechanistic pathways by which newly added C is stored and stabilized in soil...Corn straw is an important source of carbon(C),and when applied to soil,it alters the accumulation and distribution of organic C.However,the mechanistic pathways by which newly added C is stored and stabilized in soil remain a subject of interest and debate among scholars.In this study,we investigated the chemistry of organic matter in different density fractions of Haplic Cambisol(sandy clay loam)in a field experiment with corn straw at8900 kg ha^(-1)year^(-1)under no tillage(NT),minimum tillage(MT),and conventional tillage(CT).After five years of corn(Zea mays L.)monocropping,soils were collected from the 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths and processed to obtain the organic matter in light fraction(LFOM),occluded particulate(oPOM),and heavy fraction(HFOM)in the order.The results showed that compared with conventional tillage without corn straw return(CT0),corn straw return(i.e.,NT,MT,and CT)increased soil organic C content by 11.55%-16.58%.Thermogravimetric and Fourier transform infrared analyses demonstrated that the HFOM was characterized by a greater proportion of easily biodegradable substances,which may be due to the deposition of microbially processed materials on the surface of soil minerals.The LFOM and o POM were distinguished by greater phenolic,aromatic C,and thermally stable compounds.Compared with CT0,the NT and MT fields showed higher abundances of hydrophobic,aliphatic,and thermally unstable organic compounds,which increased soil C content and stability in the HFOM.Therefore,NT and MT may be ideal practices to increase soil organic C content.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2007CB209401)Research on basic theory about the mechanism of water inrush and its prevention in coal mines and supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘The influence of different illumination intensities on cyanobacterial calcification induced removal of heavy metals from contaminated mine water was studied. Cyanobacterial calcification experiments were performed using a growth medium intended to simulate contaminated mine water. The results indicate that calcification can promote the removal of heavy metal ions. As the illumination intensity became stronger calcification rates increased and the removal of Zn2+ and Cd2+ became more obvious. When the illumination intensity was 10000 lux the removal of Pb2+ was the largest observed: stronger or weaker illumination reduced the amount of lead removed. The removal of three different heavy metals complies with an index function. For identical illumination intensities different ions were removed to different degrees.
基金funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme via the transnational access and joint research activity programmes of Laserlab(grant agreement Nos.871124 and 654148)funding from the European Union’s HORIZON-INFRA-2022-TECH-01 call under grant agreement number 101095207(THRILL)financed via the BMBF Er UM-APPA collaborative research scheme(contract numbers 05P19RFFA1-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt,05P21RDFA2-Technische Universität Darmstadt,05P19SJFA1 and 05P21SJFA2-Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena)。
文摘The high-energy/high-intensity laser facility PHELIX of the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt,Germany,has been in operation since 2008.Here,we review the current system performance,which is the result of continuous development and further improvement.Through its versatile frontend architecture,PHELIX can be operated in both long-and short-pulse modes,corresponding to ns-pulses with up to 1 kJ pulse energy and sub-ps,200 J pulses,respectively.In the short-pulse mode,the excellent temporal contrast and the control over the wavefront make PHELIX an ideal driver for secondary sources of high-energy ions,neutrons,electrons and X-rays.The long-pulse mode is mainly used for plasma heating,which can then be probed by the heavy-ion beam of the linear accelerator of GSI.In addition,PHELIX can now be used to generate X-rays for studying exotic states of matter created by heavy-ion heating using the ion beam of the heavy-ion synchrotron of GSI.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(91026001)
文摘A new compact accelerating structure named Hybrid RFQ is proposed to accelerate a high-intensity low-energy heavy ion beam in HISCL （High Intensive heavy ion SuperConducting Linear accelerator）, which is an injector of HIAF （Heavy Ion Advanced Research Facility）. It is combined by an alternative series of acceleration gaps and RFQ sections. The proposed structure has a high accelerating ability compared with a conventional RFQ and is more compact than traditional DTLs. A Hybrid RFQ is designed to accelerate 238U34＋ from 0.38 MeV/u to 1.33 MeV/u. The operation frequency is described to be 81.25 MHz at CW （continuous wave） mode. The design beam current is 1.0 mA. The results of beam dynamics and RF simulation of the Hybrid RFQ show that the structure has a good performance at the energy range for ion acceleration. The emittance growth is less than 5% in both directions and the RF power is less than 150 kW. In this paper, the results of beam dynamics and RF simulation of the Hybrid RFQ are presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077022)the Provincial Key Research and Development Program of Jilin,China(No.20200402098NC)。
文摘Corn straw is an important source of carbon(C),and when applied to soil,it alters the accumulation and distribution of organic C.However,the mechanistic pathways by which newly added C is stored and stabilized in soil remain a subject of interest and debate among scholars.In this study,we investigated the chemistry of organic matter in different density fractions of Haplic Cambisol(sandy clay loam)in a field experiment with corn straw at8900 kg ha^(-1)year^(-1)under no tillage(NT),minimum tillage(MT),and conventional tillage(CT).After five years of corn(Zea mays L.)monocropping,soils were collected from the 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths and processed to obtain the organic matter in light fraction(LFOM),occluded particulate(oPOM),and heavy fraction(HFOM)in the order.The results showed that compared with conventional tillage without corn straw return(CT0),corn straw return(i.e.,NT,MT,and CT)increased soil organic C content by 11.55%-16.58%.Thermogravimetric and Fourier transform infrared analyses demonstrated that the HFOM was characterized by a greater proportion of easily biodegradable substances,which may be due to the deposition of microbially processed materials on the surface of soil minerals.The LFOM and o POM were distinguished by greater phenolic,aromatic C,and thermally stable compounds.Compared with CT0,the NT and MT fields showed higher abundances of hydrophobic,aliphatic,and thermally unstable organic compounds,which increased soil C content and stability in the HFOM.Therefore,NT and MT may be ideal practices to increase soil organic C content.
