Rechargeable lithium batteries have been widely regarded as a revolutionary technology to store renewable energy sources and extensively researched in the recent several decades.As an indispensable part of lithium bat...Rechargeable lithium batteries have been widely regarded as a revolutionary technology to store renewable energy sources and extensively researched in the recent several decades.As an indispensable part of lithium batteries,the evolution of anode materials has significantly promoted the development of lithium batteries.However,since conventional lithium batteries with graphite anodes cannot meet the ever-increasing demands in different application scenarios(such as electric vehicles and large-scale power supplies)which require high energy/power density and long cycle life,various improvement strategies and alternative anode materials have been exploited for better electrochemical performance.In this review,we detailedly introduced the characteristics and challenges of four representative anode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries,including graphite,Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12),silicon,and lithium metal.And some of the latest advances are summarized,which mainly contain the modification strategies of anode materials and partially involve the optimization of electrode/electrolyte interface.Finally,we make the conclusive comments and perspectives,and draw a development timeline on the four anode materials.This review aims to offer a good primer for newcomers in the lithium battery field and benefit the structure and material design of anodes for advanced rechargeable lithium batteries in the future.展开更多
Two expressions are introduced to calculate the lithium ion diffusion coefficients in graphite anode as a function of potentials when potentiostatic intermittent titration technique(PITT) is used. The lithium ion diff...Two expressions are introduced to calculate the lithium ion diffusion coefficients in graphite anode as a function of potentials when potentiostatic intermittent titration technique(PITT) is used. The lithium ion diffusion coefficients in graphite derived from effective surface area, which is measured by electrochemical method, are more reliable than those derived simply from radius of graphite particles(calculated from equation (3) and equation (2) respectively). The curves of dQ/dE vs E demonstrate that there are three reversible phase transitions during intercalation or deintercalation of lithium ion in graphite. In the vicinity of the potentials where phase transitions take place, the lithium ion diffusion coefficients in graphite material have three minima in the potential range 10～ 600 mV.展开更多
Graphite is a dominant anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its outstanding electrochemical performance.However,slow lithium ion(Li+)kinetics of graphite anode restricts its further application.Herein,...Graphite is a dominant anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its outstanding electrochemical performance.However,slow lithium ion(Li+)kinetics of graphite anode restricts its further application.Herein,we report that high-temperature shock(HTS)can drive spent graphite(SG)into defect-rich recycled graphite(DRG)which is ideal for high-rate anode.The DRG exhibits the charging specific capacity of 323 mAh/g at a high current density of 2 C,which outperforms commercial graphite(CG,120 mAh/g).The eminent electrochemical performance of DRG can be attributed to the recovery of layered structure and partial remaining defects of SG during ultrafast heating and cooling process,which can effectively reduce total strain energy,accelerate the phase transition in thermodynamics and improve the Li+diffusion.This study provides a facile strategy to guide the re-graphitization of SG and design high performance battery electrode materials by defect engineering from the atomic level.展开更多
Lithium-ion battery has greatly changed our lifestyle and the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)covered on the graphite anode determines the service life of a battery.The formation method and the formation temperature ...Lithium-ion battery has greatly changed our lifestyle and the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)covered on the graphite anode determines the service life of a battery.The formation method and the formation temperature at initial cycle of a battery determine the feature of the SEI.Herein,we investigate the gap of formation behavior in both a half cell(graphite matches with lithium anode)and a full cell(graphite matches with NCM,short for LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2)at different temperatures.We conclude that high temperature causes severe side reactions and low temperature will result in low ionic conductive SEI layer,the interface formed at room temperature owns the best ionic conductivity and stability.展开更多
A Ni Fe_2O_4/expanded graphite(Ni Fe_2O_4/EG)nanocomposite was prepared via a simple and inexpensive synthesis method. Its lithium storage properties were studied with the goal of applying it as an anode in a lithium-...A Ni Fe_2O_4/expanded graphite(Ni Fe_2O_4/EG)nanocomposite was prepared via a simple and inexpensive synthesis method. Its lithium storage properties were studied with the goal of applying it as an anode in a lithium-ion battery. The obtained nanocomposite exhibited a good cycle performance, with a capacity of 601 m Ah g^(-1)at a current of 1 A g^(-1)after 800 cycles. This good performance may beattributed to the enhanced electrical conductivity and layered structure of the EG. Its high mechanical strength could postpone the disintegration of the nanocomposite structure,efficiently accommodate volume changes in the Ni Fe_2O_4-based anodes, and alleviate aggregation of Ni Fe_2O_4 nanoparticles.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20180098)the Open Research Fund of National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures of Nanjing University(M32045&M33042)。
文摘Rechargeable lithium batteries have been widely regarded as a revolutionary technology to store renewable energy sources and extensively researched in the recent several decades.As an indispensable part of lithium batteries,the evolution of anode materials has significantly promoted the development of lithium batteries.However,since conventional lithium batteries with graphite anodes cannot meet the ever-increasing demands in different application scenarios(such as electric vehicles and large-scale power supplies)which require high energy/power density and long cycle life,various improvement strategies and alternative anode materials have been exploited for better electrochemical performance.In this review,we detailedly introduced the characteristics and challenges of four representative anode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries,including graphite,Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12),silicon,and lithium metal.And some of the latest advances are summarized,which mainly contain the modification strategies of anode materials and partially involve the optimization of electrode/electrolyte interface.Finally,we make the conclusive comments and perspectives,and draw a development timeline on the four anode materials.This review aims to offer a good primer for newcomers in the lithium battery field and benefit the structure and material design of anodes for advanced rechargeable lithium batteries in the future.
文摘Two expressions are introduced to calculate the lithium ion diffusion coefficients in graphite anode as a function of potentials when potentiostatic intermittent titration technique(PITT) is used. The lithium ion diffusion coefficients in graphite derived from effective surface area, which is measured by electrochemical method, are more reliable than those derived simply from radius of graphite particles(calculated from equation (3) and equation (2) respectively). The curves of dQ/dE vs E demonstrate that there are three reversible phase transitions during intercalation or deintercalation of lithium ion in graphite. In the vicinity of the potentials where phase transitions take place, the lithium ion diffusion coefficients in graphite material have three minima in the potential range 10～ 600 mV.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171219 and 91963113).
文摘Graphite is a dominant anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its outstanding electrochemical performance.However,slow lithium ion(Li+)kinetics of graphite anode restricts its further application.Herein,we report that high-temperature shock(HTS)can drive spent graphite(SG)into defect-rich recycled graphite(DRG)which is ideal for high-rate anode.The DRG exhibits the charging specific capacity of 323 mAh/g at a high current density of 2 C,which outperforms commercial graphite(CG,120 mAh/g).The eminent electrochemical performance of DRG can be attributed to the recovery of layered structure and partial remaining defects of SG during ultrafast heating and cooling process,which can effectively reduce total strain energy,accelerate the phase transition in thermodynamics and improve the Li+diffusion.This study provides a facile strategy to guide the re-graphitization of SG and design high performance battery electrode materials by defect engineering from the atomic level.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFA0202500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776019)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L182021)。
文摘Lithium-ion battery has greatly changed our lifestyle and the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)covered on the graphite anode determines the service life of a battery.The formation method and the formation temperature at initial cycle of a battery determine the feature of the SEI.Herein,we investigate the gap of formation behavior in both a half cell(graphite matches with lithium anode)and a full cell(graphite matches with NCM,short for LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2)at different temperatures.We conclude that high temperature causes severe side reactions and low temperature will result in low ionic conductive SEI layer,the interface formed at room temperature owns the best ionic conductivity and stability.
基金support from the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB239702)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21371121, 21506126 and 51502174)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Foundation (Grant Nos. JCYJ20150324141711645,JCYJ20150324141711616 and JCYJ20150626090504916)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015 M582401 and 2015 M572349)
文摘A Ni Fe_2O_4/expanded graphite(Ni Fe_2O_4/EG)nanocomposite was prepared via a simple and inexpensive synthesis method. Its lithium storage properties were studied with the goal of applying it as an anode in a lithium-ion battery. The obtained nanocomposite exhibited a good cycle performance, with a capacity of 601 m Ah g^(-1)at a current of 1 A g^(-1)after 800 cycles. This good performance may beattributed to the enhanced electrical conductivity and layered structure of the EG. Its high mechanical strength could postpone the disintegration of the nanocomposite structure,efficiently accommodate volume changes in the Ni Fe_2O_4-based anodes, and alleviate aggregation of Ni Fe_2O_4 nanoparticles.
