Prostate cancer （PCa） is one of the most common cancers among men in Western developed countries and its incidence has increased considerably in many other parts of the world, including China. The etiology of PCa is...Prostate cancer （PCa） is one of the most common cancers among men in Western developed countries and its incidence has increased considerably in many other parts of the world, including China. The etiology of PCa is largely unknown but is thought to be multifactorial, where inherited genetics plays an important role. In this article, we first briefly review results from studies of familial aggregation and genetic susceptibility to PCa. We then recap key findings of rare and high-penetrance PCa susceptibility genes from linkage studies in PCa families. We devote a significant portion of this article to summarizing discoveries of common and Iow-penetrance PCa risk-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） from genetic association studies in PCa cases and controls, especially those from genome-wide association studies （GWASs）. A strong focus of this article is to review the literature on the potential clinical utility of these implicated genetic markers. Most of these published studies described PCa risk estimation using a genetic score derived from multiple risk-associated SNPs and its utility in determining the need for prostate biopsy. Finally, we comment on the newly proposed concept of genetic score; the notion is to treat it as a marker for genetic predisposition, similar to family history, rather than a diagnostic marker to discriminate PCa patients from non-cancer patients. Available evidence to date suggests that genetic score is an objective and better measurement of inherited risk of PCa than family history. Another unique feature of this article is the inclusion of genetic association studies of PCa in Chinese and Japanese populations.展开更多
To approach the action of modified Yu Ping Feng Tang ([symbol: see text] Jade-Screen Decoction) on cellular immunity, an experiment was conducted in mice under amputation-induced stress. On the 3rd day after amputatio...To approach the action of modified Yu Ping Feng Tang ([symbol: see text] Jade-Screen Decoction) on cellular immunity, an experiment was conducted in mice under amputation-induced stress. On the 3rd day after amputation, acute atrophy was found in the thymus, the reactivities of T- and B-lymphocytes to Con-A and LPS were decreased, the IL-2 content and its activity reduced and the activity of NK cells lowered. The high, moderate and low concentrations of the modified Yu Ping Feng (YPF) Decoction all have antagonistic action on the above manifestations of immune inhibition.展开更多
毛姆游记On a Chinese Screen自20世纪四十年代共被重译四次,但这四本译作在翻译风格、内容、方法上均有较大差异。从东方主义视角对该游记四个汉译本进行分析,旨在得出各个译本中所构建的中国形象有何特点。其中,胡仲持的注释本对原文...毛姆游记On a Chinese Screen自20世纪四十年代共被重译四次,但这四本译作在翻译风格、内容、方法上均有较大差异。从东方主义视角对该游记四个汉译本进行分析,旨在得出各个译本中所构建的中国形象有何特点。其中,胡仲持的注释本对原文进行删改,美化了中国形象;陈寿更的译文体现出了明显的东方主义色彩,丑化、妖魔化中国形象;唐建清的译本较为忠实,但是有很多误译部分,有抗拒和解殖民化的倾向;而盛世教育西方名著翻译委员会的译本则相对准确地再现了原文。展开更多
作者使用 FORTRAN 和 IBM PC 汇编语言,研制了一个适用于IBM Pc/XT 微型计算机的交互武汉字绘图系统(简称 JZKY),用户在屏幕汉字菜单和中文对话信息下,能以灵活的交互方式对图形包括汉字进行输入输出.本文主要介绍该系统的设计原理及其...作者使用 FORTRAN 和 IBM PC 汇编语言,研制了一个适用于IBM Pc/XT 微型计算机的交互武汉字绘图系统(简称 JZKY),用户在屏幕汉字菜单和中文对话信息下,能以灵活的交互方式对图形包括汉字进行输入输出.本文主要介绍该系统的设计原理及其功能.展开更多
基金This work was partially funded by the National Key Basic Research Program Grant 973 （No.2012CB518301） to JX, the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.81130047） to IX, intramural grants from Fudan University ＇Thousand Talents Program＇ and Huashan Hospital to JX and the National Institutes of Health （No.NCI CA129684） to IX.
文摘Prostate cancer （PCa） is one of the most common cancers among men in Western developed countries and its incidence has increased considerably in many other parts of the world, including China. The etiology of PCa is largely unknown but is thought to be multifactorial, where inherited genetics plays an important role. In this article, we first briefly review results from studies of familial aggregation and genetic susceptibility to PCa. We then recap key findings of rare and high-penetrance PCa susceptibility genes from linkage studies in PCa families. We devote a significant portion of this article to summarizing discoveries of common and Iow-penetrance PCa risk-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） from genetic association studies in PCa cases and controls, especially those from genome-wide association studies （GWASs）. A strong focus of this article is to review the literature on the potential clinical utility of these implicated genetic markers. Most of these published studies described PCa risk estimation using a genetic score derived from multiple risk-associated SNPs and its utility in determining the need for prostate biopsy. Finally, we comment on the newly proposed concept of genetic score; the notion is to treat it as a marker for genetic predisposition, similar to family history, rather than a diagnostic marker to discriminate PCa patients from non-cancer patients. Available evidence to date suggests that genetic score is an objective and better measurement of inherited risk of PCa than family history. Another unique feature of this article is the inclusion of genetic association studies of PCa in Chinese and Japanese populations.
文摘To approach the action of modified Yu Ping Feng Tang ([symbol: see text] Jade-Screen Decoction) on cellular immunity, an experiment was conducted in mice under amputation-induced stress. On the 3rd day after amputation, acute atrophy was found in the thymus, the reactivities of T- and B-lymphocytes to Con-A and LPS were decreased, the IL-2 content and its activity reduced and the activity of NK cells lowered. The high, moderate and low concentrations of the modified Yu Ping Feng (YPF) Decoction all have antagonistic action on the above manifestations of immune inhibition.
文摘毛姆游记On a Chinese Screen自20世纪四十年代共被重译四次,但这四本译作在翻译风格、内容、方法上均有较大差异。从东方主义视角对该游记四个汉译本进行分析,旨在得出各个译本中所构建的中国形象有何特点。其中,胡仲持的注释本对原文进行删改,美化了中国形象;陈寿更的译文体现出了明显的东方主义色彩,丑化、妖魔化中国形象;唐建清的译本较为忠实,但是有很多误译部分,有抗拒和解殖民化的倾向;而盛世教育西方名著翻译委员会的译本则相对准确地再现了原文。
