Background : Patients’ perspective on relatives’ attitude and behaviour towards them (Expressed emotion—EE) may be an important addition to the current focus on relatives’ perspective only, as measured by Camberwe...Background : Patients’ perspective on relatives’ attitude and behaviour towards them (Expressed emotion—EE) may be an important addition to the current focus on relatives’ perspective only, as measured by Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) or other methods. Based on the theory of EE, we have designed a brief, three-item questionnaire completed by patients, named Felt Expressed Emotion Rating Scale (FEERS). FEERS measures the patient’s experience of criticism (Cri) and emotional over involvement (i.e. worry (Wo), and control (Con). Aims: To investigate the test-retest reliability of the FEERS and associations between the FEERS and the CFI and to which extent FEERS scores were modified by severity of psychotic symptoms, cognitive function, patient mood and amount of face-to-face contact with relatives. Methods : Forty-five patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses admitted to a psychiatric hospital and 67 relatives were included. Assessments included FEERS, CFI and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results : FEERS-Cri test-retest intra-class correlation (ICC1,1) was 0.71 among patients with low total PANSS scores, low cognitive impairment (0.59) and depression (0.63). For low levels of cognitive impairment, the ICCs of the FEERS-Wo and the FEERS-Con were 0.62 and 0.83, respectively. The FEERS-Cri and FEERSHowWo correlated significantly with CFI-CC and CFI-positive comments, respectively. Among the relatives that the patient deemed “not at all critical” (low FEERS-Cri scores), 94% had low CFI-CC levels. Conclusions : The FEERS may be a brief, time-saving alternative for identifying relatives with low levels of criticism. However, illness severity, cognitive function and mood influence FEERS test-retest reliability and link to CFI.展开更多
The relationships between expressed emotion (EE) of the families and the course of bipolar disorder have been examined only in a limited number of cohort studies. No study has yet been reported from Asia. The subjects...The relationships between expressed emotion (EE) of the families and the course of bipolar disorder have been examined only in a limited number of cohort studies. No study has yet been reported from Asia. The subjects were 12 patients that had been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder according to DSM-IV and their 12 key family members. The families of the patients were interviewed using the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) within 2 weeks of the admission of the patients, and their EE were evaluated. The patients were then followed up for 9 months after their discharge from the hospital. The patients were divided into a high-EE group and a low-EE group using the cut-off based on the number of critical comments (CC) and emotional overinvolvement (EOI), and the 9-month relapse risk was compared. When the subjects with 3 or more CC or an EOI score of 3 or more were regarded as the high-EE group, and the others as the low-EE group, the 9-month relapse risk was 100% (3/3) for the high EE group and 0% (0/9) for the low EE group. (Fisher’s exact test p = 0.005) EE based on the CFI appear to be correlated with relapse in bipolar I disorder in Japan.展开更多
文摘Background : Patients’ perspective on relatives’ attitude and behaviour towards them (Expressed emotion—EE) may be an important addition to the current focus on relatives’ perspective only, as measured by Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) or other methods. Based on the theory of EE, we have designed a brief, three-item questionnaire completed by patients, named Felt Expressed Emotion Rating Scale (FEERS). FEERS measures the patient’s experience of criticism (Cri) and emotional over involvement (i.e. worry (Wo), and control (Con). Aims: To investigate the test-retest reliability of the FEERS and associations between the FEERS and the CFI and to which extent FEERS scores were modified by severity of psychotic symptoms, cognitive function, patient mood and amount of face-to-face contact with relatives. Methods : Forty-five patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses admitted to a psychiatric hospital and 67 relatives were included. Assessments included FEERS, CFI and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results : FEERS-Cri test-retest intra-class correlation (ICC1,1) was 0.71 among patients with low total PANSS scores, low cognitive impairment (0.59) and depression (0.63). For low levels of cognitive impairment, the ICCs of the FEERS-Wo and the FEERS-Con were 0.62 and 0.83, respectively. The FEERS-Cri and FEERSHowWo correlated significantly with CFI-CC and CFI-positive comments, respectively. Among the relatives that the patient deemed “not at all critical” (low FEERS-Cri scores), 94% had low CFI-CC levels. Conclusions : The FEERS may be a brief, time-saving alternative for identifying relatives with low levels of criticism. However, illness severity, cognitive function and mood influence FEERS test-retest reliability and link to CFI.
文摘The relationships between expressed emotion (EE) of the families and the course of bipolar disorder have been examined only in a limited number of cohort studies. No study has yet been reported from Asia. The subjects were 12 patients that had been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder according to DSM-IV and their 12 key family members. The families of the patients were interviewed using the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) within 2 weeks of the admission of the patients, and their EE were evaluated. The patients were then followed up for 9 months after their discharge from the hospital. The patients were divided into a high-EE group and a low-EE group using the cut-off based on the number of critical comments (CC) and emotional overinvolvement (EOI), and the 9-month relapse risk was compared. When the subjects with 3 or more CC or an EOI score of 3 or more were regarded as the high-EE group, and the others as the low-EE group, the 9-month relapse risk was 100% (3/3) for the high EE group and 0% (0/9) for the low EE group. (Fisher’s exact test p = 0.005) EE based on the CFI appear to be correlated with relapse in bipolar I disorder in Japan.
