目的探讨小儿肾盂输尿管成形术后再狭窄的原因及防治。方法对50例先天性肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄(UPJO)所致肾积水的治疗进行分析。记录肾积水程度、UPJO段长度、肾造瘘管及支架管情况、肾周引流管(膜)放置时间及引流量、有无再狭窄,病理检...目的探讨小儿肾盂输尿管成形术后再狭窄的原因及防治。方法对50例先天性肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄(UPJO)所致肾积水的治疗进行分析。记录肾积水程度、UPJO段长度、肾造瘘管及支架管情况、肾周引流管(膜)放置时间及引流量、有无再狭窄,病理检查UPJO段及再狭窄段。结果中度积水肾16例,重度积水肾35例。手术中见狭窄段长度<1 cm 6例,>2 cm 9例,余为1.5 cm左右。手术后输尿管支架管拔除时间为7-15 d(平均11.7 d)。放置肾周胶管引流30例、橡皮膜引流7例,引流量7-300 mL(平均30.5 mL)。病理组织检查可见UPJO段黏膜层变薄或脱失,黏膜下层呈慢性炎表现,45例标本可见黏膜下层纤维组织成分增多,2例还可见黏膜下和肌层内腺样增生改变。手术后再狭窄3例(Anderson-Hynes手术后2例,Y-V成形术后1例),二次手术后治愈。结论肾积水程度、UPJO段长度、尿引流情况对手术后肾盂输尿管连接部愈合均有影响。术中完整切除狭窄段、术后充分引流尿液、防止尿外渗是避免再狭窄的关键。展开更多
The constriction factor method (CFM) is a new variation of the basic particle swarm optimization (PSO), which has relatively better convergent nature. The effects of the major parameters on CFM were systematically inv...The constriction factor method (CFM) is a new variation of the basic particle swarm optimization (PSO), which has relatively better convergent nature. The effects of the major parameters on CFM were systematically investigated based on some benchmark functions. The constriction factor, velocity constraint, and population size all have significant impact on the per- formance of CFM for PSO. The constriction factor and velocity constraint have optimal values in practical application, and im- proper choice of these factors will lead to bad results. Increasing population size can improve the solution quality, although the computing time will be longer. The characteristics of CFM parameters are described and guidelines for determining parameter values are given in this paper.展开更多
pupillary constriction occurs with intravenous administration of opioids such as sufentanil.However, few studies have investigated the pupillary effects of intrathecal （IT） sufentanil. It has previously been demonst...pupillary constriction occurs with intravenous administration of opioids such as sufentanil.However, few studies have investigated the pupillary effects of intrathecal （IT） sufentanil. It has previously been demonstrated that the cephalad spread within the cerebrospinal fluid of IT sufentanil results in side effects. There are two principal findings of the present study： （1） spinal sufentanil combined with low-dose of bupivacaine in patients with lower abdominal or lower extremity procedures induces a dose-dependent pupillary constriction that is far more sensitive than other centrally-mediated side effects; （2） the pupillary effect of IT sufentanil correlates closely with the adequacy of spinal anesthesia.展开更多
Gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） is a common digestive system disease,characterized by series of discomfort symptoms,which are caused by stomach or duodenal contents refluxing to the esophagus.It is now widely...Gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） is a common digestive system disease,characterized by series of discomfort symptoms,which are caused by stomach or duodenal contents refluxing to the esophagus.It is now widely prevalent around the world.Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the incidence of GERD is 10-20% in Western countries and it has also risen to 10.5% in Asian countries in recent years.展开更多
Background Pain physicians pay close attention to neuropathic pain （NP）,since there is currently no ideal treatment.Radial shock wave therapy （RSWT） is a noninvasive treatment to chronic pain of soft tissue disord...Background Pain physicians pay close attention to neuropathic pain （NP）,since there is currently no ideal treatment.Radial shock wave therapy （RSWT） is a noninvasive treatment to chronic pain of soft tissue disorders.So far,there is no information on the use of RSWT for the treatment of NP.Therefore we observe the effects of RSWT on a NP model induced by chronic constriction injury （CCI） in rats.Methods Four different energy densities （1.0,1.5,2.0 and 2.5 bar） RSWT administered as a single session or repeated sessions in rats with NP induced by CCI of the sciatic nerve.The analgesic effect was assessed by measuring mechanical withdrawal threshold （MWT） and thermal withdrawal latency （TWL）.The safety was assessed through calculating sciatic functional index （SFI）.Results MWT and TWL increased after a single session of RSWT from day 1 to day 5 but retumed to baseline levels by day 10.Following repeated sessions of RSWT,both the MWT and TWL were significantly higher than NP group （P ＜ 0.01）for at least 4 weeks.In addition,no significant changes of SFI were observed in any groups after repeated sessions of RSWT and no increased pain or other side effects in any animals.Conclusions A single session of RSWT is rapidly effective in the treatment of CCI,but the efficacy maintained in a short period.However,repeated sessions of RSWT have prolonged efficacy.展开更多
文摘目的探讨小儿肾盂输尿管成形术后再狭窄的原因及防治。方法对50例先天性肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄(UPJO)所致肾积水的治疗进行分析。记录肾积水程度、UPJO段长度、肾造瘘管及支架管情况、肾周引流管(膜)放置时间及引流量、有无再狭窄,病理检查UPJO段及再狭窄段。结果中度积水肾16例,重度积水肾35例。手术中见狭窄段长度<1 cm 6例,>2 cm 9例,余为1.5 cm左右。手术后输尿管支架管拔除时间为7-15 d(平均11.7 d)。放置肾周胶管引流30例、橡皮膜引流7例,引流量7-300 mL(平均30.5 mL)。病理组织检查可见UPJO段黏膜层变薄或脱失,黏膜下层呈慢性炎表现,45例标本可见黏膜下层纤维组织成分增多,2例还可见黏膜下和肌层内腺样增生改变。手术后再狭窄3例(Anderson-Hynes手术后2例,Y-V成形术后1例),二次手术后治愈。结论肾积水程度、UPJO段长度、尿引流情况对手术后肾盂输尿管连接部愈合均有影响。术中完整切除狭窄段、术后充分引流尿液、防止尿外渗是避免再狭窄的关键。
基金Project (No. 20276063) supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China
文摘The constriction factor method (CFM) is a new variation of the basic particle swarm optimization (PSO), which has relatively better convergent nature. The effects of the major parameters on CFM were systematically investigated based on some benchmark functions. The constriction factor, velocity constraint, and population size all have significant impact on the per- formance of CFM for PSO. The constriction factor and velocity constraint have optimal values in practical application, and im- proper choice of these factors will lead to bad results. Increasing population size can improve the solution quality, although the computing time will be longer. The characteristics of CFM parameters are described and guidelines for determining parameter values are given in this paper.
文摘pupillary constriction occurs with intravenous administration of opioids such as sufentanil.However, few studies have investigated the pupillary effects of intrathecal （IT） sufentanil. It has previously been demonstrated that the cephalad spread within the cerebrospinal fluid of IT sufentanil results in side effects. There are two principal findings of the present study： （1） spinal sufentanil combined with low-dose of bupivacaine in patients with lower abdominal or lower extremity procedures induces a dose-dependent pupillary constriction that is far more sensitive than other centrally-mediated side effects; （2） the pupillary effect of IT sufentanil correlates closely with the adequacy of spinal anesthesia.
文摘Gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） is a common digestive system disease,characterized by series of discomfort symptoms,which are caused by stomach or duodenal contents refluxing to the esophagus.It is now widely prevalent around the world.Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the incidence of GERD is 10-20% in Western countries and it has also risen to 10.5% in Asian countries in recent years.
文摘Background Pain physicians pay close attention to neuropathic pain （NP）,since there is currently no ideal treatment.Radial shock wave therapy （RSWT） is a noninvasive treatment to chronic pain of soft tissue disorders.So far,there is no information on the use of RSWT for the treatment of NP.Therefore we observe the effects of RSWT on a NP model induced by chronic constriction injury （CCI） in rats.Methods Four different energy densities （1.0,1.5,2.0 and 2.5 bar） RSWT administered as a single session or repeated sessions in rats with NP induced by CCI of the sciatic nerve.The analgesic effect was assessed by measuring mechanical withdrawal threshold （MWT） and thermal withdrawal latency （TWL）.The safety was assessed through calculating sciatic functional index （SFI）.Results MWT and TWL increased after a single session of RSWT from day 1 to day 5 but retumed to baseline levels by day 10.Following repeated sessions of RSWT,both the MWT and TWL were significantly higher than NP group （P ＜ 0.01）for at least 4 weeks.In addition,no significant changes of SFI were observed in any groups after repeated sessions of RSWT and no increased pain or other side effects in any animals.Conclusions A single session of RSWT is rapidly effective in the treatment of CCI,but the efficacy maintained in a short period.However,repeated sessions of RSWT have prolonged efficacy.
