目的:探讨护理干预措施对ICU血肿清除术后昏迷患者作用及脑电双频指数(BIS)监测对其指导意义。方法:行开颅手术后仍昏迷而送ICU监护患者80例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例。2组患者术后均给予对症治疗并进行24 h BIS监测,对照组患者...目的:探讨护理干预措施对ICU血肿清除术后昏迷患者作用及脑电双频指数(BIS)监测对其指导意义。方法:行开颅手术后仍昏迷而送ICU监护患者80例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例。2组患者术后均给予对症治疗并进行24 h BIS监测,对照组患者给予常规护理,观察组患者进行加强呼吸道、导管管理等护理干预措施。比较2组患者预后情况,不同预后患者BIS值和呼吸机使用时间,分析BIS值与格拉斯哥昏迷评分和反应水平分级的相关性。结果:所有患者经半年随访,观察组预后良好例数明显多于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组中,预后良好患者的BIS值明显高于预后不良者,呼吸机使用时间显著少于预后不良者(P<0.01)。相关分析显示,BIS值与格拉斯哥昏迷评分呈正相关关系,BIS值与反应水平分级呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:有效的护理干预能明显提高预后效果,降低病死率,BIS监测可有效反映患者脑功能障碍程度和预后情况。展开更多
Objective:To explore the immunomodulatory properties of 80% ethanol extract and butanol fraction of Gentiana olivieri(G. olivieri) Griseb on Balb/C mice.Methods:The study was performed with basic models of immunomodul...Objective:To explore the immunomodulatory properties of 80% ethanol extract and butanol fraction of Gentiana olivieri(G. olivieri) Griseb on Balb/C mice.Methods:The study was performed with basic models of immunomodulation such as the humoral antibody response(hemoglutination antibody titres), cell mediated immune response(delayed type hypersensitivity and in vivocarbon clearance or phagocytosis). Ethanol(80%) extract of flowering aerial parts of G.olivieriand its butanol fraction were administered p.o.(orally) to the mice. Levamisole, 2.5 mg/kg was used as standard drug.Results:There was a potentiation of immune response to sheep red blood cells by cellular and humoral mediated mechanisms comparable to levamisole(2.5 mg/kg) by both 80% ethanol extract and the butanol fraction at doses of 50-200 mg/kg in male Balb/C mice. Both significantly(P<0.01) potentiated the humoral immune response in cyclophosphamide(250 mg/kg)immunosupressed mice at 100 and 200 mg/kg of each extract and fraction as compared to control.The potentiation of delayed type hypersensitivity response was statistically significant(P<0.01) at200 mg/kg of ethanol extract and 100, 200 mg/kg of butanol fraction as compared to control. The phagocytosis was significant at 200 mg/kg with butanol fraction ofG. olivieri.Conclusions:The results reveal the immunostimulant effects of plantG. olivieriin mice by acting through cellular and humoral immunity in experimental models of immunity in mice. Butanol fraction is the most effective at a dose level of 200 mg/kg.展开更多
[目的]系统评价咳痰机在机械通气病人呼吸道清理中的应用效果。[方法]手动检索中国和美国临床试验注册中心官网,计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、CBM、中国知网和万方数据库,收集建库至2018年1月关于采用...[目的]系统评价咳痰机在机械通气病人呼吸道清理中的应用效果。[方法]手动检索中国和美国临床试验注册中心官网,计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、CBM、中国知网和万方数据库,收集建库至2018年1月关于采用咳痰机清理机械通气病人呼吸道的随机对照试验。由2名研究者根据纳入及排除标准筛选文献并提取资料,依据Cochrane Handbook评价文献质量,使用Stata12.0软件进行Meta分析或仅做描述性分析。[结果]共纳入6项随机对照试验。描述性分析结果显示:干预组医院感染情况及肺部感染情况优于对照组,低氧血症发生率低于对照组,氧分压值高于对照组,二氧化碳分压值低于对照组,降钙素原、通气失败率及再插管率低于对照组(P<0.05)。Meta分析结果显示:干预组病人氧合指数[SMD=1.88,95%CI(0.79,2.97),P=0.001]、肺顺应性[SMD=0.95,95%CI(0.65,1.25),P=0.00]优于对照组,机械通气时间短于对照组[SMD=-2.21,95%CI(-3.74,-0.67),P=0.005]。[结论]现有证据表明:咳痰机能有效协助机械通气病人清除呼吸道分泌物,改善机体氧合及肺顺应性,缩短病人机械通气时间,促进病人恢复。展开更多
To maximize the number of vehicles passing by the stop-line in a cycle and improve the operation efficiency of intersection in China, the settlement of left-turn lane waiting-zone is becoming prevailing. Based on conf...To maximize the number of vehicles passing by the stop-line in a cycle and improve the operation efficiency of intersection in China, the settlement of left-turn lane waiting-zone is becoming prevailing. Based on conflicting-point method, the internal mechanism of left-turn flow after stopping line was analyzed through taking postposition left-turn lane waiting-zone intersection for instance. The relationship between the first left-turn vehicle and the last vehicle of previous phase passing the conflicting point was expounded. According to the time of successive arriving of two vehicle flows at conflicting-point, the reasonable layout for waiting area of left-turn vehicles was researched when the clearance index was less than O. The results suggest that the appropriate layout for waiting area of left-turning vehicles can improve the operation efficiency of intersections.展开更多
In this paper,four novel evaluation indices and corresponding hierarchical optimization strategies are proposed for a deployable solar array system considering panel flexibility and joint clearance.The deployable sola...In this paper,four novel evaluation indices and corresponding hierarchical optimization strategies are proposed for a deployable solar array system considering panel flexibility and joint clearance.The deployable solar array model consists of a rigid main-body,two panels and four key mechanisms,containing torsion spring mechanism,closed cable loop mechanism,latch mechanism and attitude adjustment mechanism.Rigid and flexible components are established by Nodal Coordinate Formulation and Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation,respectively.The clearance joint model is described by nonlinear contact force model and amendatory Coulomb friction model.The latch time,stabilization time,maximum contact force and impulse sum of the contact force of the solar array system are selected as the four novel evaluation indices to represent the complex dynamic responses of a deployable solar array with clearance joints instead of the lock torque widely used in conventional works.To eliminate the gross errors caused by the nonlinear and nonsmooth mechanical properties,a hierarchical optimization strategy based on an adaptive simulated annealing algorithm and a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm is adopted for the solar array system with clearance joints.Results indicate that the effects of panel flexibility on the evaluation index responses and design optimization of the solar array system cannot be neglected.Besides,increasing the weight factor of the stabilization time index of the rigid system may compensate for the differences in optimal results of the rigid–flexible coupling system.That may provide some references for optimization design of deployable space mechanisms considering clearance joints.展开更多
Background The timely and appropriate monitoring of pulmonary status is of utmost importance for patients with cystic fibrosis(CF).Computed tomography(CT)has been used in clinical and research settings for tracking lu...Background The timely and appropriate monitoring of pulmonary status is of utmost importance for patients with cystic fibrosis(CF).Computed tomography(CT)has been used in clinical and research settings for tracking lung involvement in CF patients.However,as CT delivers a considerable amount of radiation,its sequential use in CF patients remains a concern.The application of CT,therefore,should take into account its potential risks.This review aims to understand whether and to what extent the CT findings correlate with the findings from other monitoring tools in CF lung disease.Data sources PubMed was searched for articles about the correlation of chest CT findings with spirometric indices and with lung clearance index in children and adolescents with CF.The most relevant articles were reviewed and are presented herein.Results Most studies have shown that forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV,)and other spirometric indices correlate moderately with CT structural lung damage.However,at the individual level,there were patients with FEV,within the normal range and abnormal CT and vice versa.Furthermore,longitudinal studies have indicated that the deterioration of structural lung damage does not occur in parallel with the progression of lung function.Lung clearance index is a better predictor of CT findings.Conclusions In general,the existing studies do not support the use of lung function tests as surrogates of chest CT.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨护理干预措施对ICU血肿清除术后昏迷患者作用及脑电双频指数(BIS)监测对其指导意义。方法:行开颅手术后仍昏迷而送ICU监护患者80例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例。2组患者术后均给予对症治疗并进行24 h BIS监测,对照组患者给予常规护理,观察组患者进行加强呼吸道、导管管理等护理干预措施。比较2组患者预后情况,不同预后患者BIS值和呼吸机使用时间,分析BIS值与格拉斯哥昏迷评分和反应水平分级的相关性。结果:所有患者经半年随访,观察组预后良好例数明显多于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组中,预后良好患者的BIS值明显高于预后不良者,呼吸机使用时间显著少于预后不良者(P<0.01)。相关分析显示,BIS值与格拉斯哥昏迷评分呈正相关关系,BIS值与反应水平分级呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:有效的护理干预能明显提高预后效果,降低病死率,BIS监测可有效反映患者脑功能障碍程度和预后情况。
基金financially supported by Goverment of India(grant No.SR/FT/LS-0083/2008)
文摘Objective:To explore the immunomodulatory properties of 80% ethanol extract and butanol fraction of Gentiana olivieri(G. olivieri) Griseb on Balb/C mice.Methods:The study was performed with basic models of immunomodulation such as the humoral antibody response(hemoglutination antibody titres), cell mediated immune response(delayed type hypersensitivity and in vivocarbon clearance or phagocytosis). Ethanol(80%) extract of flowering aerial parts of G.olivieriand its butanol fraction were administered p.o.(orally) to the mice. Levamisole, 2.5 mg/kg was used as standard drug.Results:There was a potentiation of immune response to sheep red blood cells by cellular and humoral mediated mechanisms comparable to levamisole(2.5 mg/kg) by both 80% ethanol extract and the butanol fraction at doses of 50-200 mg/kg in male Balb/C mice. Both significantly(P<0.01) potentiated the humoral immune response in cyclophosphamide(250 mg/kg)immunosupressed mice at 100 and 200 mg/kg of each extract and fraction as compared to control.The potentiation of delayed type hypersensitivity response was statistically significant(P<0.01) at200 mg/kg of ethanol extract and 100, 200 mg/kg of butanol fraction as compared to control. The phagocytosis was significant at 200 mg/kg with butanol fraction ofG. olivieri.Conclusions:The results reveal the immunostimulant effects of plantG. olivieriin mice by acting through cellular and humoral immunity in experimental models of immunity in mice. Butanol fraction is the most effective at a dose level of 200 mg/kg.
文摘[目的]系统评价咳痰机在机械通气病人呼吸道清理中的应用效果。[方法]手动检索中国和美国临床试验注册中心官网,计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、CBM、中国知网和万方数据库,收集建库至2018年1月关于采用咳痰机清理机械通气病人呼吸道的随机对照试验。由2名研究者根据纳入及排除标准筛选文献并提取资料,依据Cochrane Handbook评价文献质量,使用Stata12.0软件进行Meta分析或仅做描述性分析。[结果]共纳入6项随机对照试验。描述性分析结果显示:干预组医院感染情况及肺部感染情况优于对照组,低氧血症发生率低于对照组,氧分压值高于对照组,二氧化碳分压值低于对照组,降钙素原、通气失败率及再插管率低于对照组(P<0.05)。Meta分析结果显示:干预组病人氧合指数[SMD=1.88,95%CI(0.79,2.97),P=0.001]、肺顺应性[SMD=0.95,95%CI(0.65,1.25),P=0.00]优于对照组,机械通气时间短于对照组[SMD=-2.21,95%CI(-3.74,-0.67),P=0.005]。[结论]现有证据表明:咳痰机能有效协助机械通气病人清除呼吸道分泌物,改善机体氧合及肺顺应性,缩短病人机械通气时间,促进病人恢复。
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.70631002)Youth Science &Technology Foundation of Xi’an University of Architecture &Technology(Grant No.0608)
文摘To maximize the number of vehicles passing by the stop-line in a cycle and improve the operation efficiency of intersection in China, the settlement of left-turn lane waiting-zone is becoming prevailing. Based on conflicting-point method, the internal mechanism of left-turn flow after stopping line was analyzed through taking postposition left-turn lane waiting-zone intersection for instance. The relationship between the first left-turn vehicle and the last vehicle of previous phase passing the conflicting point was expounded. According to the time of successive arriving of two vehicle flows at conflicting-point, the reasonable layout for waiting area of left-turn vehicles was researched when the clearance index was less than O. The results suggest that the appropriate layout for waiting area of left-turning vehicles can improve the operation efficiency of intersections.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1637207)Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(No.1204040)。
文摘In this paper,four novel evaluation indices and corresponding hierarchical optimization strategies are proposed for a deployable solar array system considering panel flexibility and joint clearance.The deployable solar array model consists of a rigid main-body,two panels and four key mechanisms,containing torsion spring mechanism,closed cable loop mechanism,latch mechanism and attitude adjustment mechanism.Rigid and flexible components are established by Nodal Coordinate Formulation and Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation,respectively.The clearance joint model is described by nonlinear contact force model and amendatory Coulomb friction model.The latch time,stabilization time,maximum contact force and impulse sum of the contact force of the solar array system are selected as the four novel evaluation indices to represent the complex dynamic responses of a deployable solar array with clearance joints instead of the lock torque widely used in conventional works.To eliminate the gross errors caused by the nonlinear and nonsmooth mechanical properties,a hierarchical optimization strategy based on an adaptive simulated annealing algorithm and a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm is adopted for the solar array system with clearance joints.Results indicate that the effects of panel flexibility on the evaluation index responses and design optimization of the solar array system cannot be neglected.Besides,increasing the weight factor of the stabilization time index of the rigid system may compensate for the differences in optimal results of the rigid–flexible coupling system.That may provide some references for optimization design of deployable space mechanisms considering clearance joints.
文摘Background The timely and appropriate monitoring of pulmonary status is of utmost importance for patients with cystic fibrosis(CF).Computed tomography(CT)has been used in clinical and research settings for tracking lung involvement in CF patients.However,as CT delivers a considerable amount of radiation,its sequential use in CF patients remains a concern.The application of CT,therefore,should take into account its potential risks.This review aims to understand whether and to what extent the CT findings correlate with the findings from other monitoring tools in CF lung disease.Data sources PubMed was searched for articles about the correlation of chest CT findings with spirometric indices and with lung clearance index in children and adolescents with CF.The most relevant articles were reviewed and are presented herein.Results Most studies have shown that forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV,)and other spirometric indices correlate moderately with CT structural lung damage.However,at the individual level,there were patients with FEV,within the normal range and abnormal CT and vice versa.Furthermore,longitudinal studies have indicated that the deterioration of structural lung damage does not occur in parallel with the progression of lung function.Lung clearance index is a better predictor of CT findings.Conclusions In general,the existing studies do not support the use of lung function tests as surrogates of chest CT.
