Rural revitalization is not only an important development goal for the Chinese government, but also a path to development. It is a crucial strategic choice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in a new epoch that...Rural revitalization is not only an important development goal for the Chinese government, but also a path to development. It is a crucial strategic choice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in a new epoch that to achieve both urban-rural and intrarural prosperity in the course of promoting rural revitalization. In the context of common prosperity, the key to achieving rural revitalization is to strive for the year 2050 long-term objectives of “robust agriculture, beautiful countryside and well-off farmers”, while also accelerating efforts to meet the mid-term targets of “improving the quality and efficiency of agriculture, making rural areas suitable to live and work, and ensuring farmers are affluent and well-off”. In terms of a strategic path, it is vital to combine endogenous growth with a sharing mechanism, with the former aiming to stimulate the internal vitality of rural areas and unleash their growth potential, and the latter to ensure that wealth is shared among all people and access to basic public services is made equal. To implement the strategy, it is suggested to take a regionally differentiated approach and a classification differentiated approach by scientifically grasping rural differences and identifying policy priorities, and explore innovative and diversified mechanisms of rural common prosperity.展开更多
Shared control schemes allow a human driver to work with an automated driving agent in driver-vehicle systems while retaining the driver’s abilities to control.The human driver,as an essential agent in the driver-veh...Shared control schemes allow a human driver to work with an automated driving agent in driver-vehicle systems while retaining the driver’s abilities to control.The human driver,as an essential agent in the driver-vehicle shared control systems,should be precisely modeled regarding their cognitive processes,control strategies,and decision-making processes.The interactive strategy design between drivers and automated driving agents brings an excellent challenge for human-centric driver assistance systems due to the inherent characteristics of humans.Many open-ended questions arise,such as what proper role of human drivers should act in a shared control scheme?How to make an intelligent decision capable of balancing the benefits of agents in shared control systems?Due to the advent of these attentions and questions,it is desirable to present a survey on the decision making between human drivers and highly automated vehicles,to understand their architectures,human driver modeling,and interaction strategies under the driver-vehicle shared schemes.Finally,we give a further discussion on the key future challenges and opportunities.They are likely to shape new potential research directions.展开更多
With the ever-increased installed capacity of renewable energy generation units in a power system,the so-called shared energy storage(SES),a novel business model under the umbrella of the shared economy principle,has ...With the ever-increased installed capacity of renewable energy generation units in a power system,the so-called shared energy storage(SES),a novel business model under the umbrella of the shared economy principle,has the potential to play an essential role in the accommodation of renewable energy generation.However,unified evaluation standards and methods,which can help decision-makers analyze the performance of the SES market,are still not available.In this paper,an evaluation index system of the SES market is designed based on the trading rules of China’s Qinghai province and the structure-conduct-performance(SCP)analytical model.Moreover,the definition and characteristics of the indices,which can show the performance of the SES market from different perspectives,are given.Furthermore,the ideal cases are presented as the evaluation benchmark based on the development expectation of the SES market,and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)are applied to evaluate the SES market comprehensively.Finally,a case study based on actual data of the SES trading pilot project in Qinghai shows that the evaluation index system can reflect the operation status,existing problems and influencing factors of the SES market.展开更多
The countries throughout the Belt and Road region account for more than 60%of the world’s population and half of the global economy.Future changes in this area will have significant influences on the global economic ...The countries throughout the Belt and Road region account for more than 60%of the world’s population and half of the global economy.Future changes in this area will have significant influences on the global economic growth,industrial structure and resource allocation.In this study,the proportion of the urban population to the total population and the gross domestic product were used to represent the levels of urbanization and economic development,respectively.The population,urbanization and economic levels of the Belt and Road countries for 2020-2050 were projected under the framework of the IPCC's shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs),and the following conclusions are drawn.(1)The population,urbanization and economic levels in the Belt and Road region will likely increase under all five pathways.The population will increase by 2%-8%/10a during 2020-2050 and reach 5.0-6.0 billion in 2050.Meanwhile,the urbanization rate will increase by 1.4%-7.5%/10a and reach 49%-75%.The GDP will increase by 17%-34%/10a and reach 134-243 trillion USD.(2)Large differences will appear under different scenarios.The SSP1 and SSP5 pathways demonstrate relatively high urbanization and economic levels,but the population size is comparatively smaller;SSP3 shows the opposite trend.Meanwhile,the economy develops slowly under SSP4,but it has a relatively high urbanization level,while SSP2 exhibits an intermediate trend.(3)In 2050,the population will increase relative to 2016 in most countries,and population size in the fastest growing country in Central Asia and the Middle East countries will be more than double.Urbanization will develop rapidly in South Asia,West Asia and Central Asia,and will increase by more than 150%in the fastest growing countries.The economy will grow fastest in South Asia,Southeast Asia and West Asia,and increase by more than 10 times in some counties with rapid economic development.展开更多
Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a common upper esophageal condition and typical symptoms can include heartburn and sensation of regurgitation while atypical symptoms include chronic cough, asthma, hoarseness,...Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a common upper esophageal condition and typical symptoms can include heartburn and sensation of regurgitation while atypical symptoms include chronic cough, asthma, hoarseness, dyspepsia and nausea. Typically, diag-nosis is presumptive given the presence of typical and atypical symptoms and is an indication for empiric therapy. Treatment management can include lifestyle modifications and/or medication therapy with proton pump inhibitor(PPI) class being the preferred and most effective. Complete symptom resolution is not always achieved and long-term PPI therapy can put patients at risk for serious side effects and needless expense. The brain-gut connection and hypervigilance plays an important role in symptom resolution and treatment success, especially in the case of non-PPI responders. Hypervigilance is a combination of increased esophageal sensory sensitivity in combination with exaggerated threat perception surrounding esophageal symptoms. Hypervigilance requires a different approach to GERD managements, where continued PPI therapy and surgery are usually not recommended. Rather, helping physicians and patients understand the brain-gut connection can guide and improve care.Education and reassurance should be the main pillars or treatment. However, it is important not to suggest the symptoms are due to anxiety alone, this often leads to patient dissatisfaction. Patient dissatisfaction with treatment reveals the need for a more patient-centered approach to GERD management and better communication between patients and providers. Shared decision making(SDM) with the incorporation of patient-reported outcomes(PRO) promotes patient adherence and satisfaction. SDM is a joint discussion between clinician and patient in which a mutually shared solution is explored for GERD symptoms. For SDM to work the physician needs to capture patients' perceptions which may not be obtained in the standard interview. This can be done through the use of PROs which promote a dialogue with patie展开更多
Let F be a family of holomorphic functions in a domain D, k be a positive integer, a, b（≠0）, c（≠0） and d be finite complex numbers. If, for each f∈F, all zeros of f-d have multiplicity at least k, f^（k） = a w...Let F be a family of holomorphic functions in a domain D, k be a positive integer, a, b（≠0）, c（≠0） and d be finite complex numbers. If, for each f∈F, all zeros of f-d have multiplicity at least k, f^（k） = a whenever f=0, and f=c whenever f^（k） = b, then F is normal in D. This result extends the well-known normality criterion of Miranda and improves some results due to Chen-Fang, Pang and Xu. Some examples are provided to show that our result is sharp.展开更多
Due to the critical defects of techniques in fully autonomous vehicles,man-machine cooperative driving is still of great significance in today’s transportation system.Unlike the previous shared control structure,this...Due to the critical defects of techniques in fully autonomous vehicles,man-machine cooperative driving is still of great significance in today’s transportation system.Unlike the previous shared control structure,this paper introduces a double loop structure which is applied to indirect shared steering control between driver and automation.In contrast to the tandem indirect shared control,the parallel indirect shared control put the authority allocation system of steering angle into the framework to allocate the corresponding weighting coefficients reasonably and output the final desired steering angle according to the current deviation of vehicle and the accuracy of steering angles.Besides,the active disturbance rejection controller(ADRC)is also added in the frame in order to track the desired steering angle fleetly and accurately as well as restrain the internal and external disturbances effectively which including the steering friction torque,wind speed and ground interference etc.Eventually,we validated the advantages of double loop framework through three sets of double lane change and slalom experiments,respectively.Exactly as we expected,the simulation results show that the double loop structure can effectively reduce the lateral displacement error caused by the driver or the controller,significantly improve the tracking precision and keep great performance in trajectory tracking characteristics when driving errors occur in one of driver and controller.展开更多
文摘Rural revitalization is not only an important development goal for the Chinese government, but also a path to development. It is a crucial strategic choice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in a new epoch that to achieve both urban-rural and intrarural prosperity in the course of promoting rural revitalization. In the context of common prosperity, the key to achieving rural revitalization is to strive for the year 2050 long-term objectives of “robust agriculture, beautiful countryside and well-off farmers”, while also accelerating efforts to meet the mid-term targets of “improving the quality and efficiency of agriculture, making rural areas suitable to live and work, and ensuring farmers are affluent and well-off”. In terms of a strategic path, it is vital to combine endogenous growth with a sharing mechanism, with the former aiming to stimulate the internal vitality of rural areas and unleash their growth potential, and the latter to ensure that wealth is shared among all people and access to basic public services is made equal. To implement the strategy, it is suggested to take a regionally differentiated approach and a classification differentiated approach by scientifically grasping rural differences and identifying policy priorities, and explore innovative and diversified mechanisms of rural common prosperity.
文摘Shared control schemes allow a human driver to work with an automated driving agent in driver-vehicle systems while retaining the driver’s abilities to control.The human driver,as an essential agent in the driver-vehicle shared control systems,should be precisely modeled regarding their cognitive processes,control strategies,and decision-making processes.The interactive strategy design between drivers and automated driving agents brings an excellent challenge for human-centric driver assistance systems due to the inherent characteristics of humans.Many open-ended questions arise,such as what proper role of human drivers should act in a shared control scheme?How to make an intelligent decision capable of balancing the benefits of agents in shared control systems?Due to the advent of these attentions and questions,it is desirable to present a survey on the decision making between human drivers and highly automated vehicles,to understand their architectures,human driver modeling,and interaction strategies under the driver-vehicle shared schemes.Finally,we give a further discussion on the key future challenges and opportunities.They are likely to shape new potential research directions.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company(No.106000003367).
文摘With the ever-increased installed capacity of renewable energy generation units in a power system,the so-called shared energy storage(SES),a novel business model under the umbrella of the shared economy principle,has the potential to play an essential role in the accommodation of renewable energy generation.However,unified evaluation standards and methods,which can help decision-makers analyze the performance of the SES market,are still not available.In this paper,an evaluation index system of the SES market is designed based on the trading rules of China’s Qinghai province and the structure-conduct-performance(SCP)analytical model.Moreover,the definition and characteristics of the indices,which can show the performance of the SES market from different perspectives,are given.Furthermore,the ideal cases are presented as the evaluation benchmark based on the development expectation of the SES market,and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)are applied to evaluate the SES market comprehensively.Finally,a case study based on actual data of the SES trading pilot project in Qinghai shows that the evaluation index system can reflect the operation status,existing problems and influencing factors of the SES market.
文摘The countries throughout the Belt and Road region account for more than 60%of the world’s population and half of the global economy.Future changes in this area will have significant influences on the global economic growth,industrial structure and resource allocation.In this study,the proportion of the urban population to the total population and the gross domestic product were used to represent the levels of urbanization and economic development,respectively.The population,urbanization and economic levels of the Belt and Road countries for 2020-2050 were projected under the framework of the IPCC's shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs),and the following conclusions are drawn.(1)The population,urbanization and economic levels in the Belt and Road region will likely increase under all five pathways.The population will increase by 2%-8%/10a during 2020-2050 and reach 5.0-6.0 billion in 2050.Meanwhile,the urbanization rate will increase by 1.4%-7.5%/10a and reach 49%-75%.The GDP will increase by 17%-34%/10a and reach 134-243 trillion USD.(2)Large differences will appear under different scenarios.The SSP1 and SSP5 pathways demonstrate relatively high urbanization and economic levels,but the population size is comparatively smaller;SSP3 shows the opposite trend.Meanwhile,the economy develops slowly under SSP4,but it has a relatively high urbanization level,while SSP2 exhibits an intermediate trend.(3)In 2050,the population will increase relative to 2016 in most countries,and population size in the fastest growing country in Central Asia and the Middle East countries will be more than double.Urbanization will develop rapidly in South Asia,West Asia and Central Asia,and will increase by more than 150%in the fastest growing countries.The economy will grow fastest in South Asia,Southeast Asia and West Asia,and increase by more than 10 times in some counties with rapid economic development.
文摘Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a common upper esophageal condition and typical symptoms can include heartburn and sensation of regurgitation while atypical symptoms include chronic cough, asthma, hoarseness, dyspepsia and nausea. Typically, diag-nosis is presumptive given the presence of typical and atypical symptoms and is an indication for empiric therapy. Treatment management can include lifestyle modifications and/or medication therapy with proton pump inhibitor(PPI) class being the preferred and most effective. Complete symptom resolution is not always achieved and long-term PPI therapy can put patients at risk for serious side effects and needless expense. The brain-gut connection and hypervigilance plays an important role in symptom resolution and treatment success, especially in the case of non-PPI responders. Hypervigilance is a combination of increased esophageal sensory sensitivity in combination with exaggerated threat perception surrounding esophageal symptoms. Hypervigilance requires a different approach to GERD managements, where continued PPI therapy and surgery are usually not recommended. Rather, helping physicians and patients understand the brain-gut connection can guide and improve care.Education and reassurance should be the main pillars or treatment. However, it is important not to suggest the symptoms are due to anxiety alone, this often leads to patient dissatisfaction. Patient dissatisfaction with treatment reveals the need for a more patient-centered approach to GERD management and better communication between patients and providers. Shared decision making(SDM) with the incorporation of patient-reported outcomes(PRO) promotes patient adherence and satisfaction. SDM is a joint discussion between clinician and patient in which a mutually shared solution is explored for GERD symptoms. For SDM to work the physician needs to capture patients' perceptions which may not be obtained in the standard interview. This can be done through the use of PROs which promote a dialogue with patie
基金The first author is supported in part by the Post Doctoral Fellowship at Shandong University.The second author is supported by the national Nature Science Foundation of China (10371065).
文摘Let F be a family of holomorphic functions in a domain D, k be a positive integer, a, b（≠0）, c（≠0） and d be finite complex numbers. If, for each f∈F, all zeros of f-d have multiplicity at least k, f^（k） = a whenever f=0, and f=c whenever f^（k） = b, then F is normal in D. This result extends the well-known normality criterion of Miranda and improves some results due to Chen-Fang, Pang and Xu. Some examples are provided to show that our result is sharp.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1664263)。
文摘Due to the critical defects of techniques in fully autonomous vehicles,man-machine cooperative driving is still of great significance in today’s transportation system.Unlike the previous shared control structure,this paper introduces a double loop structure which is applied to indirect shared steering control between driver and automation.In contrast to the tandem indirect shared control,the parallel indirect shared control put the authority allocation system of steering angle into the framework to allocate the corresponding weighting coefficients reasonably and output the final desired steering angle according to the current deviation of vehicle and the accuracy of steering angles.Besides,the active disturbance rejection controller(ADRC)is also added in the frame in order to track the desired steering angle fleetly and accurately as well as restrain the internal and external disturbances effectively which including the steering friction torque,wind speed and ground interference etc.Eventually,we validated the advantages of double loop framework through three sets of double lane change and slalom experiments,respectively.Exactly as we expected,the simulation results show that the double loop structure can effectively reduce the lateral displacement error caused by the driver or the controller,significantly improve the tracking precision and keep great performance in trajectory tracking characteristics when driving errors occur in one of driver and controller.
