Functional enrichment analysis is pivotal for interpreting highthroughput omics data in life science.It is crucial for this type of tool to use the latest annotation databases for as many organisms as possible.To meet...Functional enrichment analysis is pivotal for interpreting highthroughput omics data in life science.It is crucial for this type of tool to use the latest annotation databases for as many organisms as possible.To meet these requirements,we present here an updated version of our popular Bioconductor package,clusterProfiler 4.0.This package has been enhanced considerably compared with its original version published 9 years ago.The new version provides a universal interface for functional enrichment analysis in thousands of organisms based on internally supported ontologies and pathways as well as annotation data provided by users or derived from online databases.It also extends the dplyr and ggplot2 packages to offer tidy interfaces for data operation and visualization.Other new features include gene set enrichment analysis and comparison of enrichment results from multiple gene lists.We anticipate that clusterProfiler 4.0 will be applied to a wide range of scenarios across diverse organisms.展开更多
Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that restricts the growth and yield of crops.Understanding the physiological,metabolic,and biochemical responses of plants to salt stress and mining the salt tolerance-ass...Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that restricts the growth and yield of crops.Understanding the physiological,metabolic,and biochemical responses of plants to salt stress and mining the salt tolerance-associated genetic resource in nature will be extremely important for us to cultivate salt-tolerant crops.In this review,we provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of salt stress responses in plants,including salt stress-triggered physiological responses,oxidative stress,salt stress sensing and signaling pathways,organellar stress,ion homeostasis,hormonal and gene expression regulation,metabolic changes,as well as salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes.Important questions regarding salt tolerance that need to be addressed in the future are discussed.展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are a new type of crystalline porous polymers known for chemical stability,excellent structural regularity,robust framework,and inherent porosity,making them promising materials for ca...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are a new type of crystalline porous polymers known for chemical stability,excellent structural regularity,robust framework,and inherent porosity,making them promising materials for capturing various types of pollutants from aqueous solutions.This review thoroughly presents the recent progress and advances of COFs and COF-based materials as superior adsorbents for the efficient removal of toxic heavy metal ions,radionuclides,and organic pollutants.Information about the interaction mechanisms between various pollutants and COF-based materials are summarized from the macroscopic and microscopic standpoints,including batch experiments,theoretical calculations,and advanced spectroscopy analysis.The adsorption properties of various COF-based materials are assessed and compared with other widely used adsorbents.Several commonly used strategies to enhance COF-based materials’adsorption performance and the relationship between structural property and sorption ability are also discussed.Finally,a summary and perspective on the opportunities and challenges of COFs and COF-based materials are proposed to provide some inspiring information on designing and fabricating COFs and COF-based materials for environmental pollution management.展开更多
Carbon neutrality refers to net-zero carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions attained by balancing the emission of CO2 with its removal so as to stop its increase in the atmosphere that causes global warming.As of February 2021,...Carbon neutrality refers to net-zero carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions attained by balancing the emission of CO2 with its removal so as to stop its increase in the atmosphere that causes global warming.As of February 2021,124 countries had pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 or 2060.This is a remarkable development reached after the annual United Nations Conference of the Parties of 1995,in particular those of Kyoto(1997),Bonn(2001),Bali(2007),and Paris(2015),with progressively more concrete binding commitments to emission reduction by the parties(countries).展开更多
基金This work was supported by a startup fund from Southern Medical University.
文摘Functional enrichment analysis is pivotal for interpreting highthroughput omics data in life science.It is crucial for this type of tool to use the latest annotation databases for as many organisms as possible.To meet these requirements,we present here an updated version of our popular Bioconductor package,clusterProfiler 4.0.This package has been enhanced considerably compared with its original version published 9 years ago.The new version provides a universal interface for functional enrichment analysis in thousands of organisms based on internally supported ontologies and pathways as well as annotation data provided by users or derived from online databases.It also extends the dplyr and ggplot2 packages to offer tidy interfaces for data operation and visualization.Other new features include gene set enrichment analysis and comparison of enrichment results from multiple gene lists.We anticipate that clusterProfiler 4.0 will be applied to a wide range of scenarios across diverse organisms.
基金We are grateful to Zichen Xu for assistance in the preparation of the figures.This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program(grant no.XDB27040101)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that restricts the growth and yield of crops.Understanding the physiological,metabolic,and biochemical responses of plants to salt stress and mining the salt tolerance-associated genetic resource in nature will be extremely important for us to cultivate salt-tolerant crops.In this review,we provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of salt stress responses in plants,including salt stress-triggered physiological responses,oxidative stress,salt stress sensing and signaling pathways,organellar stress,ion homeostasis,hormonal and gene expression regulation,metabolic changes,as well as salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes.Important questions regarding salt tolerance that need to be addressed in the future are discussed.
基金Financial support from NSFC(21836001)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0207002 and 2018YFC1900105)+1 种基金Science Challenge Project(TZ2016004)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program were greatly appreciated.
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are a new type of crystalline porous polymers known for chemical stability,excellent structural regularity,robust framework,and inherent porosity,making them promising materials for capturing various types of pollutants from aqueous solutions.This review thoroughly presents the recent progress and advances of COFs and COF-based materials as superior adsorbents for the efficient removal of toxic heavy metal ions,radionuclides,and organic pollutants.Information about the interaction mechanisms between various pollutants and COF-based materials are summarized from the macroscopic and microscopic standpoints,including batch experiments,theoretical calculations,and advanced spectroscopy analysis.The adsorption properties of various COF-based materials are assessed and compared with other widely used adsorbents.Several commonly used strategies to enhance COF-based materials’adsorption performance and the relationship between structural property and sorption ability are also discussed.Finally,a summary and perspective on the opportunities and challenges of COFs and COF-based materials are proposed to provide some inspiring information on designing and fabricating COFs and COF-based materials for environmental pollution management.
文摘Carbon neutrality refers to net-zero carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions attained by balancing the emission of CO2 with its removal so as to stop its increase in the atmosphere that causes global warming.As of February 2021,124 countries had pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 or 2060.This is a remarkable development reached after the annual United Nations Conference of the Parties of 1995,in particular those of Kyoto(1997),Bonn(2001),Bali(2007),and Paris(2015),with progressively more concrete binding commitments to emission reduction by the parties(countries).
