We first confirm an idea obtained from first-principles calculations,which is in line with symmetry theory:Although superatomic molecular orbitals(SAMOs) can be classified according to their angular momentum similar t...We first confirm an idea obtained from first-principles calculations,which is in line with symmetry theory:Although superatomic molecular orbitals(SAMOs) can be classified according to their angular momentum similar to atomic orbitals,SAMOs with the same angular momentum split due to the point group symmetry of superatoms.Based on this idea,we develop a method to quantitatively modulate the splitting spacing of molecular orbitals in a superatom by changing its structural symmetry or by altering geometric parameters with the same symmetry through expansion and compression processes.Moreover,the modulation of the position crossover is achieved between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the highest occupied molecular orbital originating from the splitting of different angular momenta,leading to an effective reduction in system energy.This phenomenon is in line with the implication of the Jahn–Teller effect.This work provides insights into understanding and regulating the electronic structures of superatoms.展开更多
转录因子SOX2(sex determining region Y-box2)在早期胚胎发育第一次谱系分化以及内细胞团多能性维持等方面具有重要的作用。但是目前有关SOX2基因启动子的系统研究较少,尤其是在猪(Sus scrofa)中尚无相关报道。为系统分析猪SOX2基因启...转录因子SOX2(sex determining region Y-box2)在早期胚胎发育第一次谱系分化以及内细胞团多能性维持等方面具有重要的作用。但是目前有关SOX2基因启动子的系统研究较少,尤其是在猪(Sus scrofa)中尚无相关报道。为系统分析猪SOX2基因启动子在早期胚胎中的活性,本研究通过优化显微注射体系中绿色荧光蛋白表达载体种类和注射时间,构建了适合猪SOX2基因启动子活性分析的参照体系和显微注射体系;对猪SOX2基因翻译起始位点上游5000 bp区域进行转录因子结合位点的预测,发现该区域存在4个转录因子结合位点簇;针对上述区域设计并构建相应的缺失型SOX2基因启动子报告载体,利用建立的显微注射体系将其导入胚胎,通过mCherry荧光强度以及qRT-PCR定量分析SOX2基因启动子中不同转录因子结合位点簇对启动子活性的影响。结果表明,与全长SOX2基因启动子相比,SOX2基因翻译起始位点上游2254~2442 bp区域缺失后,猪4-细胞和8-细胞胚胎中SOX2基因启动子活性下降至17.8%,该缺失区域中仅包含两个NF-AT(nuclear factor of activated T cells)转录因子结合位点。因此,本研究结果推测猪SOX2基因启动子中NF-AT转录因子结合位点是影响猪早期胚胎SOX2基因启动子活性的关键位点。本研究为揭示猪早期胚胎发育中SOX2基因表达调控机制提供了数据支持。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974136 and 11674123)。
文摘We first confirm an idea obtained from first-principles calculations,which is in line with symmetry theory:Although superatomic molecular orbitals(SAMOs) can be classified according to their angular momentum similar to atomic orbitals,SAMOs with the same angular momentum split due to the point group symmetry of superatoms.Based on this idea,we develop a method to quantitatively modulate the splitting spacing of molecular orbitals in a superatom by changing its structural symmetry or by altering geometric parameters with the same symmetry through expansion and compression processes.Moreover,the modulation of the position crossover is achieved between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the highest occupied molecular orbital originating from the splitting of different angular momenta,leading to an effective reduction in system energy.This phenomenon is in line with the implication of the Jahn–Teller effect.This work provides insights into understanding and regulating the electronic structures of superatoms.
文摘转录因子SOX2(sex determining region Y-box2)在早期胚胎发育第一次谱系分化以及内细胞团多能性维持等方面具有重要的作用。但是目前有关SOX2基因启动子的系统研究较少,尤其是在猪(Sus scrofa)中尚无相关报道。为系统分析猪SOX2基因启动子在早期胚胎中的活性,本研究通过优化显微注射体系中绿色荧光蛋白表达载体种类和注射时间,构建了适合猪SOX2基因启动子活性分析的参照体系和显微注射体系;对猪SOX2基因翻译起始位点上游5000 bp区域进行转录因子结合位点的预测,发现该区域存在4个转录因子结合位点簇;针对上述区域设计并构建相应的缺失型SOX2基因启动子报告载体,利用建立的显微注射体系将其导入胚胎,通过mCherry荧光强度以及qRT-PCR定量分析SOX2基因启动子中不同转录因子结合位点簇对启动子活性的影响。结果表明,与全长SOX2基因启动子相比,SOX2基因翻译起始位点上游2254~2442 bp区域缺失后,猪4-细胞和8-细胞胚胎中SOX2基因启动子活性下降至17.8%,该缺失区域中仅包含两个NF-AT(nuclear factor of activated T cells)转录因子结合位点。因此,本研究结果推测猪SOX2基因启动子中NF-AT转录因子结合位点是影响猪早期胚胎SOX2基因启动子活性的关键位点。本研究为揭示猪早期胚胎发育中SOX2基因表达调控机制提供了数据支持。
